ABSTRACT
The 7851-bp nucleotide sequence of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 35 was determined. HPV 35 is associated with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive carcinomas. From the HPV 35 sequence, open reading frames encoding putative proteins E6, E7, E1, E2, E4, E5, L2, and L1, common to other mucosal HPV types, were identified. Structural and control elements present in the long control region (LCR) conserved among other mucosal HPV types were also present in HPV 35. Analysis of the LCR revealed an additional 20-bp sequence element present in all HPV types associated with malignant proliferation. To further classify HPV 35 with regard to oncogenic potential, phylogenetic analysis of the E6 and E7 proteins from the anogenital HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 43, 44, 45, and 51 was performed. This analysis indicated three distinct HPV subgroups; those associated with benign lesions and two branches of those HPV types more often associated with malignant proliferation. HPV 35 is most closely related to HPV types 31 and 16.
Subject(s)
DNA-Binding Proteins , Genome, Viral , Papillomaviridae/genetics , Phylogeny , Amino Acid Sequence , Base Sequence , DNA, Viral , Humans , Molecular Sequence Data , Oncogene Proteins, Viral/genetics , Papillomaviridae/classification , Papillomavirus E7 Proteins , Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid , Viral Proteins/geneticsSubject(s)
DNA/analysis , Nucleotide Mapping/methods , Alkaline Phosphatase , Humans , OligonucleotidesABSTRACT
The sequence organization of mouse mammary tumor virus DNA endogenous to the C57BL/6 inbred mouse strain was characterized by Southern blot analysis, utilizing probes specific for particular regions of the mouse mammary tumor virus provirus and by molecular cloning of endogenous mouse mammary tumor virus DNA. The genome of C57BL/6 mice contains three apparently intact, endogenous proviral units; two of these units comprise the Mtv-8 (unit II) and Mtv-9 (unit III) genetic loci that are also present in the DNA of BALB/c mice. The third unit is defined by EcoRI restriction fragments of 10.0 and 8.4 kilobases that contain the 5' and 3' portions of the provirus, respectively. This unit, termed unit XI and encoded by the genetic locus Mtv-17, has not been previously recognized in C57BL/6 DNA, but it can be clearly distinguished from the proviral units at Mtv-8 and Mtv-9 by Southern blot analysis under appropriate conditions. The proviral unit at Mtv-17 is not present in BALB/c DNA. DNAs comprising the entire Mtv-8 locus and the 3' portions of Mtv-9 and Mtv-17 were cloned. Analysis of the cloned DNA revealed no obvious deletions or rearrangements that would render proviral DNA defective; however, these endogenous genes are normally not transcriptionally active.
