ABSTRACT
Ukraine is a zone of moderate hepatitis A endemicity. The changing epidemiology of the disease because of improved hygiene has shifted the burden of Hepatitis A to older age groups where the disease is more severe. Outbreaks have also become more common as more of the population has become susceptible to hepatitis A virus (HAV). To help guide decisions regarding use of hepatitis A vaccine in Ukraine, we examined the presence of antibody to HAV (anti-HAV) in 1001 persons aged 1 to 85 years, visiting four municipal healthcare centres in the Ukrainian capital, Kiev. Overall, the anti-HAV prevalence was 31.9%. Anti-HAV seropositivity increased with age from 9.2% among children aged 1-5 years to 81.7% among persons over 50 years, but less than 50% of subjects less than 50 years were HAV seropositive. No children under 2 years were seropositive. HAV seropositivity was twice as high in children aged 5-11 years old in the low socio-economic status group (income less than 150 US$ per family member per month) than in the middle/high group (11.1% compared to 6.3%) but this disparity disappeared by adolescence. The prevalence of anti-HAV antibodies in adults was not different with respect to district of residence within the city. Considering the proportion of HAV seronegative subjects in all age groups under 50 years, routine vaccination against HAV of children aged 1-2 years old would appear to be an effective schedule for hepatitis A prophylaxis in Kiev.
Subject(s)
Hepatitis A Antibodies/blood , Hepatitis A Virus, Human/immunology , Hepatitis A/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Hepatitis A/immunology , Hepatitis A/prevention & control , Humans , Infant , Middle Aged , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Socioeconomic Factors , Ukraine/epidemiology , Young AdultABSTRACT
The state of collective immunity to poliomyelitis has been studied for the population of the city of Kyïv and Kyïv Province. Insufficient safeguard of the examined quota from this infection has been shown. Special anxiety is caused by low indices of immunity to type III poliovirus. The expediency of revaccination of adult population is indicated.
Subject(s)
Poliomyelitis/immunology , Population Surveillance , Urban Population , Adolescent , Adult , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Immunity , Neutralization Tests , Poliomyelitis/epidemiology , Poliovirus/immunology , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Ukraine/epidemiology , Urban Population/statistics & numerical dataSubject(s)
Antibody Formation/radiation effects , Environmental Exposure/adverse effects , Immunity, Cellular/radiation effects , Adult , Child , Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation , Female , Health Status , Humans , Lymphocyte Count/radiation effects , Male , Power Plants , Radioactive Hazard Release , UkraineABSTRACT
The results of immunological and morphological studies of Asian macaques (Macaca mulatta) infected by simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) are summarized in this review of literature. This virus causes development of the immunodeficiency disease that closely resembles human AIDS. Immunological parameters (CD count, antibody response etc.) are described promoting prediction of progression of immunodeficiency in monkeys. The morphological features of injury of internal organs indicate that SIV-induced immunodeficiency is the multisystem disease.
Subject(s)
Macaca mulatta , Monkey Diseases/immunology , Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology , Simian Immunodeficiency Virus , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/pathology , Animals , Disease Models, Animal , HIV Infections/immunology , HIV Infections/pathology , HIV-1 , HIV-2 , Monkey Diseases/pathology , Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/pathologyABSTRACT
It was established as a result of these investigations that the immunoenzymatic method may be used for detection of enteroviruses both in materials from human subjects and from objects of the environment. It is shown that the immunoenzymatic method has advantages as compared with the virological.
Subject(s)
Antigens, Viral/analysis , Enterovirus/immunology , Enterovirus/isolation & purification , Feces/microbiology , Humans , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Nasopharynx/microbiology , Seawater , Sewage , Virus Cultivation , Water MicrobiologyABSTRACT
A comparative study of the mitogenic activity of glycopolymers has shown that the activity of polysaccharides isolated from Clavibacter michiganense is higher than that of lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas solanacearum and mefenaminic acid (the synthetic mitogen). Lipid A and the core oligosaccharide fraction are established to be responsible for the mitogenic activity of the P. solanacearum lipopolysaccharide. O-specific chains and fractions of KDO-phosphates do not manifest the mitogenic activity.
Subject(s)
Corynebacterium , Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology , Mitogens , Polysaccharides, Bacterial/pharmacology , Pseudomonas , Adjuvants, Immunologic , Cells, Cultured/drug effects , Escherichia coli , Humans , Lipopolysaccharides/analysis , Lipopolysaccharides/isolation & purification , Lymphocytes/drug effects , Polysaccharides, Bacterial/analysis , Polysaccharides, Bacterial/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
The authors proposed an immunological examination of donors. The proposed method allows to diagnose HB infection in case of it HB Ao negative forms and may be used in testing donors for detection of hazard groups from the epidemiological point of view.
