Reliability and correlation analysis of computed methods to convert conventional 2D radiological hindfoot measurements to a 3D setting using weightbearing CT.

PURPOSE: The exact radiographic assessment of the hindfoot alignment remains challenging. This is reflected in the different measurement methods available. Weightbearing CT (WBCT) has been demonstrated to be more accurate in hindfoot measurements. However, current measurements are still performed in 2D. This study wants to assess the use of computed methods to convert the former uniplanar hindfoot measurements obtained after WBCT towards a 3D setting. METHODS: Forty-eight patients, mean age of 39.6 ± 13.2 years, with absence of hindfoot pathology were included. A WBCT was obtained, and images were subsequently segmented and analyzed using computer-aided design operations. In addition to the hindfoot angle (HA), other ankle and hindfoot parameters such as the anatomical tibia axis, talocalcaneal axis (TCA), talocrural angle, tibial inclination (TI), talar tilt, and subtalar vertical angle were determined in 2D and 3D. RESULTS: The mean [Formula: see text] was [Formula: see text] of valgus ± 3.2 and the [Formula: see text] was [Formula: see text] of valgus ± 6.5. These angles differed significantly from each other with a [Formula: see text]. The correlation between both showed to be good by [Formula: see text] Pearson correlation coefficient (r) of 0.72 ([Formula: see text]). The [Formula: see text] showed to be excellent when compared to the [Formula: see text], which was good. Similar findings were obtained in other angles. The highest correlation was seen between the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] (r = 0.83, [Formula: see text]) and an almost perfect agreement in the [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]). CONCLUSION: This study shows a good and reliable correlation between the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. However, the [Formula: see text] overcomes the shortcomings of inaccuracy and provides valuable spatial data that could be incorporated during computer-assisted surgery to assess the multiplanar correction of a hindfoot deformity.

Species plays an important role in drug-induced prolongation of action potential duration and early afterdepolarizations in isolated Purkinje fibers.

INTRODUCTION: Although isolated Purkinje fibers (PFs) often are used to evaluate the electrophysiologic effects of new drugs in terms of prolongation of action potential duration (APD) and induction of early afterdepolarizations (EADs), species differences in this respect remain elusive. We evaluated potential species-specific differences in drug-induced prolongation of APD and EADs in isolated PF from various species. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using a microelectrode technique, PFs (n = 7 to 11 per species) were isolated from hearts of rabbits, guinea pigs, dogs, swine, goats, or sheep, superperfused in Tyrode's solution with dofetilide (1 x 10(-8) M) or quinidine (1 x 10(-5) M) for 25 minutes, and stimulated at 1 Hz for 20 minutes and at 0.2 Hz for another 5 minutes. Dofetilide increased APD at 90% repolarization (APD90) at 1 Hz by 83% (rabbit), 24% (guinea pig), 65% (dogs), 18% (swine), 61% (goat), and 30% (sheep), and prolonged APD90 at 0.2 Hz by 187% (rabbit), 31% (guinea pig), 154% (dog), 17% (swine), 61% (goat), and 8% (sheep). Similarly, quinidine changed APD90 by 93% (rabbit), 0% (guinea pig), 16% (dog), -3% (swine), 0% (goat), and -24% (sheep) at 1 Hz, and by 124% (rabbit), 15% (guinea pig), 53% (dog), 17% (swine), 11% (goat), and -39% (sheep) at 0.2 Hz in PF. During superfusion of dofetilide or quinidine, EADs occurred in most preparations in rabbit PFs at 0.2 Hz, but not in any of the PFs from other species at 0.2 Hz. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that species plays an important role in the response of PF to drug-induced prolongation of APD and EADs. Rabbit PFs constitute the most sensitive model for detecting drug-induced, potential long APD and proarrhythmogenic effects in vitro.

Are there sex-specific differences in ventricular repolarization or in drug-induced early afterdepolarizations in isolated rabbit purkinje fibers?

Women are known to have a longer QT interval than men and a greater propensity toward drug-induced "torsades de pointes" (TdPs). However, little is known about these sex differences in isolated cardiac tissues. We evaluated potential sex differences in repolarization in isolated rabbit Purkinje fibers using a microelectrode technique. Isolated male or female Purkinje fibers were perfused in a Tyrode's solution with solvent, dofetilide (1 x 10(-8) M) or quinidine (1 x 10(-5) M), and stimulated at 1 or 0.2 Hz. Female Purkinje fibers with solvent (n = 11) tended to have a longer duration of the action potential at 90% repolarization (APD90) than male fibers with solvent (n = 10): 331 (median) vs. 272 ms at 1 Hz (p > 0.05); 473 vs. 367 ms at 0.2 Hz (p < 0.05). Dofetilide (1 x 10(-8) M) significantly increased APD90 more in female Purkinje fibers (n = 11) than in male fibers (n = 10): 670 vs. 385 ms at 1 Hz, at 20 min after the infusion (p < 0.05), and 1,000 vs. 937 ms at 0.2 Hz at the end of the 25-min infusion (p < 0.05), respectively. Quinidine (1 x 10(-5) M) tended to increase APD90 more in female Purkinje fibers (n = 11) than in male fibers (n = 10): 705 vs. 500 ms at 1 Hz, at 20 min after the infusion (p > 0.05). Furthermore, dofetilide (1 x 10(-8) M) and quinidine (1 x 10(-5) M) elicited a higher incidence of early afterdepolarizations in female Purkinje fibers than in male fibers at 0.2 Hz (100 vs. 60%, p < 0.05; and 91 vs. 50%, p > 0.05). Our data indicate that female Purkinje fibers tend to have longer ventricular repolarization and are at higher risk of drug-induced early afterdepolarizations at a slow stimulation rate than male fibers. This may contribute to a sex difference in QT interval and to a greater tendency on the part of women to the development of drug-induced TdPs.