Frecuencia de aneurisma aórtico abdominal en población adulta con factores de riesgo conocidos / Frequency of abdominal aortic aneurysms in adult population with known risk factors

BACKGROUND: The incidence of abdominal aortic aneurysms has increased. Its predisposing factors are smoking, high blood pressure and dislipidemia. Progressive aneurysmal enlargement may lead to its rupture, which is associated to a mortality rate above 80 per cent. AIM: To assess the prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysms in Chilean subjects with cardiovascular risk factors. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Through announcements in open media we invited individuals aged over 60 years, who smoked, had hypertension and/or had occlusive arterial disease, to participate in a study that included medical history and physical examination. An aortic ultrasound was performed in all subjects in whom the aorta was not palpable or there was a suspicion of dilatation. Aortic diameter over 3 cm was considered aneurysmal. RESULTS: Three hundred fifty six subjects aged 67.1 +/- 6.7 years, (73.9 per cent males), were evaluated. The study group included 62 per cent hypertensives, 39 per cent with abnormal lipids and 46 per cent smokers. Known coronary heart disease or peripheral arterial diseases were present in 14 per cent and 10 per cent, respectively. Ultrasound was required in 159 subjects. Aneurysms were detected in 21 persons (5.9 per cent), 7.6 per cent in males and 1.1 per cent in females. The mean transverse diameter of the aneurysm was 4.1 cm (3-7.5). Aneurysm was found in 2.3 per cent of subjects younger than 65 years and 8.3 per cent of subjects aged over 65 years. CONCLUSIONS: In this sample the prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysms was 5.9 per cent, affecting predominantly males, with a notorious increase with advanced age.

Tratamiento endovascular del aneurisma de aorta torácica descendente / Endovascular treatment of descending thoracic aorta aneurysm

BACKGROUND: The natural history of aneurysms ends in rupture and death. In 1990 the first endovascular exclusion of an aneurysm, using an endoluminal graft implanted through the femoral arteries was performed. More recently, the same procedure has been used for aneurysms of the thoracic aorta. AIM: To report our experience with endovascular treatment of thoracic aorta aneurysms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Analysis of 14 patients (nine male), aged 30 to 79 years, treated between May 2001 and August 2002. RESULTS: The mean diameter of the aneurysms was 6.9 cm. The etiology was atherosclerotic in nine patients. The Excluder device (Gore) was preferentially used. There was no operative mortality or paraplegia. One patient had a transient leg monoparesis that reverted completely. No patient had type I endoleaks. Two patients had type II endoleaks on discharge, that sealed spontaneously. In a follow up, ranging from 2 to 17 months, one patient died of a bronchopneumonia and no aneurysm rupture has been detected. CONCLUSIONS: The short term results of endoluminal treatment of thoracic aorta aneurysms are excellent. This treatment is less invasive and has less complications than conventional surgery.

[Endovascular therapy of superior vena cava syndrome: clinical case]. / Terapia endovascular en el sindrome de vena cava superior: caso clínico.

The treatment of superior vena cava syndrome is usually oriented to the underlying cause, that can be too slow in emergency cases. We report a 49 years old woman with a multiple myeloma that was admitted due to a superior vena cava syndrome caused by a central venous catheter used for chemotherapy for 20 weeks. She was successfully treated with thrombolysis, angioplasty and stent placement. The patient died 7 months later due to the underlying disease. Long term catheters are the responsible for 20 to 30% of superior vena cava syndromes. Endovascular treatment of the syndrome is successful in 60 to 100% of cases with a symptomatic relapse in 4 to 45% of patients.

[Ruptured thoracic aorta aneurysm: endovascular treatment]. / Aneurisma roto de aorta torácica descendente: tratamiento endovascular.

In 1991, a technique to exclude aortic aneurysms from circulation inserting an endoluminal graft through the femoral artery, was described. This procedure, usually used for elective abdominal aneurysms, can also be used in the thoracic aorta. We report a 41 years old male with a Marfan syndrome, presenting with a descending aorta aneurysm that ruptured to the mediastinum and pleural cavity. He was compensated hemodynamically and an endovascular stent-graft was deployed at the ruptured zone, through the femoral artery. The postoperative evolution of the patient was uneventful. This technique will allow a less invasive treatment of ruptured aortic aneurysms.

[Hematological serological valves, and organ weight in adult Sprague-Dawley rats]. / Valores hematológicos, serológicos y peso de órganos en la rata Sprague-Dawley adulta.

Sprague-Dawley rats are frequently used in experiments and their normal hematological, serologic and anatomical parameters are not easily available. The aim of this study was to measure these parameters in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Twenty-four rats (12 males) whose weight ranged between 200 and 300 g, raised at the Instituto de Salud Pública in controlled environmental conditions and fed with pellets were studied. After a 24 h fast, animals were anesthetized with Droperidol and Ketamine, and after obtaining a cardiac blood sample, sacrificed by exsanguination. Most organs were withdrawn and weighed. Mean values for blood glucose, calcium, amylase, total proteins, cholesterol, AST, ALT, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatases, electrolytes and complete blood count were determined. Heart, lung, pancreas, kidney and testicle mean weight was also calculated. Male and female rats had significant differences in packed red cell volume, white blood cell count and hemoglobin.

La descompresión biliar precoz altera favorablemente el curso de la pancreatitis aguda experimental / Early biliary decompresion change succesfully the course of experimental acute pancreatitis

A 20 ratas Sprague-Dawley se les indujo pancreatitis aguda con el modelo del asa duodenal cerrada, previamente estandarizado. Precozmente, pero una vez establecida la pancreatitis aguda, se efectuó descompresión del árbol biliar. A las 24 h se obtuvieron muestras para estudios serológicos, hematológicos y anatomopatológico. Los resultados revelaron un curso más benigno de esta enfermedad en relación al modelo sin descompresión