Anti-urolithiatic and anti-inflammatory activities through a different mechanism of actions of Cissus gongylodes corroborated its ethnopharmacological historic.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Species Cissus gongylodes has been used in the traditional medicine in South America and India for the treatment of urolithiasis, biliary and inflammatory problems without any scientific evidence. AIM OF THE STUDY: This work was developed to investigate for the first time the anti-inflammatory and anti-urolithiatic activities of leaf decoction of C. gongylodes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Decoction was subjected to anti-inflammatory evaluation by the in vivo assay of ear oedema and quantification of the main mediators of inflammation PGE2 and LTB4, and the cytokine TNF-α. The decoction's anti-urolithiatic activity was determined by different in vitro assays to evaluate the inhibition and dissolution of the most prevalent types of kidney stones: calcium oxalate (CaOx) and struvite. Diffusion in gel technique and fresh urine of a patient with renal stone were used to investigate the inhibition and dissolution of CaOx, respectively, and the single diffusion gel growth technique was used to evaluate the inhibition and dissolution of struvite crystals. The decoction was chemically characterized by UHPLC-ESI-HRMS analysis. RESULTS: Decoction showed in vivo anti-inflammatory activity by potent decreasing the level of both the main mediators of inflammation and dose-dependent in vitro anti-urolithiatic action by inhibition and dissolution of both type of crystals, CaOx and struvite. CONCLUSIONS: Results obtained corroborate the reports of the traditional use of the decoction of Cissus gongylodes. Besides, it showed multi-target mechanisms actions, inhibition of the main inflammatory pathways, and inhibition/dissolution of the most prevalent types of crystals on urolithiasis. These actions make the decoction a promissory source to the development of new and more efficient drugs.

Magneto-structural versatility of copper(II)-3-phenylpropionate coordination polymers with N-donor coligands.

A novel series of copper(II) coordination polymers [Cu2(O2CC8H9)4(pyz)]n (1), [Cu2(O2CC8H9)4(dps)]n (2), {[Cu(O2CC8H9)2(dps)(H2O)]·H2O}n (3), {[NaCu(O2CC8H9)2(bpm)(NO3)]·H2O}n (4), and [Cu4(O2CC8H9)6(OH)2(bpp)2]n (5) [O2CC8H9− = 3-phenylpropionate anion, pyz = pyrazine, dps = di(4-pyridyl)sulfide, bpm = 2,2'-bipyrimidine, and bpp = 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane] have been synthesized and magneto-structurally investigated. Compounds 1 and 2 belong to a large group of copper(II) carboxylates where bis-monodentate pyz (1) and dps (2) ligands connect the paddle-wheel [CuII2(µ-O2CC8H9)4] units leading to alternating copper(II) chains. The structure of 3 consists of uniform chains of trans-[CuII(O2CC8H9)2] units linked by the bis-monodentate dps ligand. Compound 4 consists of heterobimetallic chains where [NaI2CuII2(µ-O2CC8H9)4(NO3)2] units are doubly bridged by bis-bidentate bpm ligands. Compound 5 is also a chain compound whose structure is made up by tetranuclear [CuII4(µ3-OH)2(µ-O2CC8H9)4(O2CC8H9)2] units which are doubly bridged by bis-monodentate bpp ligands. The magnetic properties were investigated in the temperature range 1.8­300 K. Strong antiferromagnetic interactions across the quadruple syn­syn carboxylate are observed in 1 and 2 [J = −378 (1) and −348 cm−1 (2)] whereas a weak ferromagnetic coupling through the double out-of-plane oxo(carboxylate) bridge occurs in 4 [J = +2.66 cm−1], the spin Hamiltonian being defined as H = −JS1·S2 with S1 = S2 = SCu = 1/2. A quasi Curie law is observed for 3 (θ = −0.36 cm−1), the bis-monodentate dps ligand being a very poor mediator of magnetic interactions. The analysis of the magnetic properties of 5 is quite complex because of the presence of two crystallographically independent tetracopper(II) units with single-µ-hydroxo, di-µ-hydroxo, µ3-hydroxo and single-µ-hydroxo plus double syn,syn carboxylate bridges in each one. The nature and values of the magnetic couplings for 5 obtained by fitting (intermediate, strong and weak antiferromagnetic interactions for the three former exchange pathways respectively, and intermediate ferromagnetic interactions for the latter one) were substantiated by DFT type calculations.

A two-dimensional oxamate- and oxalate-bridged Cu(II)Mn(II) motif: crystal structure and magnetic properties of (Bu4N)2[Mn2{Cu(opba)}2ox].

A new compound of formula (Bu4N)2[Mn2{Cu(opba)}2ox] (1) [Bu4N(+) = tetra-n-butylammonium cation, H4opba = 1,2-phenylenebis(oxamic acid), and H2ox = oxalic acid] has been synthesized and magneto-structurally investigated. The reaction of manganese(II) acetate, [Cu(opba)](2-), and ox(2-) in dimethyl sulfoxide yielded single crystals of 1. The structure of 1 consists of heterobimetallic oxamato-bridged Cu(II)Mn(II) chains which are connected through bis-bidentate oxalate coordinated to the manganese(II) ions to afford anionic heterobimetallic layers of 6(3)-hcb net topology. The layers are interleaved by n-Bu4N(+) counterions. Each copper(II) ion in 1 is four-coordinate in a square planar environment defined by two amidate-nitrogen and two carboxylate-oxygen atoms from the two oxamate groups of the obpa ligand. The manganese(II) ion is six-coordinate in a somewhat distorted octahedral surrounding that is built by two oxalate-oxygen and four carbonyl-oxygen atoms from two [Cu(opba)](2-) units. The magnetic properties of 1 in the temperature range 1.9-300 K correspond to those expected for the coexistence of intralayer antiferromagnetic interactions of the type copper(II)-manganese(II) across oxamato and manganese(II)-manganese(II) through oxalato bridges plus a weak spin canting in the very low temperature domain. Simulation of the magnetic data through quantum Monte Carlo methodology reveals the magnitude of the intralayer magnetic interactions [J(CuMn) = -32.5(3) cm(-1), and J(MnMn) = -2.7(3) cm(-1)], their values being within the range of those previously observed in lower nuclearity systems.

Copper(II) assembling with bis(2-pyridylcarbonyl)amidate and N,N'-2,2-phenylenebis(oxamate).

We herein present the synthesis and X-ray structures of five copper(II) complexes of formulae [Cu(bpca)(CF3SO3)(H2O)]·H2O (1), [Cu(bpca)(Phpr)(H2O)]·3/2H2O (2), {[Cu(bpca)]2[Cu(opba)(H2O)]}·H2O (3), {[Cu(bpca)]2(H2opba)}2·6H2O (4) and [Cu(bpca)(EtH2opba)]n (5), where bpca = bis(2-pyridylcarbonyl)amidate, Phpr = 3-phenylpropionate, CF3SO3(−) = triflate (anion of the trifluoromethanesulphonic acid), H4opba = N,N'-1,2-phenylenebis(oxamic acid), and EtH3opba = monoethyl ester derivative of the H4opba. 1 and 2 are mononuclear copper(II) complexes where the copper atom is five-coordinate in distorted square pyramidal surroundings with a tridentate bpca and a water molecule (1)/carboxylate oxygen (2) building the basal plane and a triflate oxygen (1)/water molecule (2) filling the apical position. 3 is a neutral tricopper(II) complex where the [Cu(opba)(H2O)]2− unit acts as a bis-bidentate ligand toward two peripheral [Cu(bpca)]+ fragments. The three crystallographically independent copper(II) ions in 3 are five-coordinate with two nitrogen and two oxygen atoms (inner copper atom)/three bpca-nitrogen and an oxamate oxygen (outer copper atom) building the basal plane plus a water molecule (inner copper)/an oxamate oxygen (outer copper) in the apical position (inner copper atom) of somewhat distorted square pyramidal surroundings. 4 is a centrosymmetric tetracopper(II) compound where four [Cu(bpca)]+ fragments are assembled by two H2opba2− groups adopting an unusual bidentate/bis-monodentate bridging mode. The two crystallographically independent copper(II) ions in 4 are also five-coordinate having the three bpca-nitrogens in basal positions, the other two sites of the distorted square pyramid being filled by two oxygens of either a bidentate oxamate (at one copper centre) or two bis-monodentate oxamates (at the other copper atom). 5 is a zigzag chain of [Cu(bpca)(H2O)]+ units which are connected through the EtH2opba− ligand adopting a bidentate/monodentate bridging mode across the monodeprotonated oxamate group. Each copper(II) ion in 5 is six-coordinate in an elongated octahedral CuN3O3 chromophore. The magnetic properties of 3­5 were investigated in the temperature range 1.9­300 K. 3 exhibits an intermediate intramolecular antiferromagnetic interaction [J = -65.8(2) cm(-1) with the Hamiltonian H = -J(S(Cu1)·S(Cu2) + S(Cu2)·S(Cu3))] which leads to a low-lying spin doublet at low temperatures. A weak antiferromagnetic coupling between the inner copper(II) ions occurs in 4 [J = -2.36(2) cm(-1), H = -JS1·S2)] and a very small intrachain antiferromagnetic interaction is observed in 5 [J = -0.17(1) cm(-1) with H = -J∑(i)S(i)·S(i+1)]. These values are analyzed by means of simple orbital symmetry considerations and compared with those previously reported for parent systems.