ABSTRACT
In order to reproduce and complete life cycles, ticks have to feed on different hosts, thus participating as vectors and reservoirs in the maintenance and circulation of different pathogens. Since dogs can serve as suitable hosts for numerous tick species, the aims of this study were to determine tick species and their seasonal occurrence on pet dogs and to compare the accuracy of three indices frequently used to calculate engorged female physiological age. Ticks were collected from dogs brought to veterinary clinics. Three indices were analyzed: scutal index, alloscutal/scutal index ratio, and physiological age index. Four tick species were identified: Ixodes ricinus, Dermacentor marginatus, D. reticulatus, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus group, and the last was the most abundant. The highest number of collected ticks was in April, but two species were continuously active throughout the year. The statistical analyses distinguished the physiological age index as more precise because of lower variability. Dog owners usually ignore regular dog anti-tick treatments throughout the year, as they are not aware that ticks could be active during the winter months. Tick surveillance is unquestionably important in order to monitor and prevent the distribution of these vectors and also the diseases they transmit.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this systematic review is to assess the safety of local anaesthetics (LA) combined with vasoconstrictors (VC) for patients with controlled hypertension undergoing dental procedures. A comprehensive search strategy were used to identify all relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effect of LA combined with VC. All searches covered the period from 1990 to February 2021. We performed a meta-analysis using random-effect models and assessed overall certainty in evidence using GRADE approach. Our search strategy yielded 1262 references. Finally, seven randomised trials were included, but only three were included in the meta-analysis. The use of LA with VC may result in little to no difference in the heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), but the certainty of the evidence was assessed as low. Death, stroke, acute myocardial infarction, need for hospitalization, pain and bleeding were not reported by the included studies. The hemodynamic changes using VC do not imply an increased risk of occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events. The use of VC could even be recommendable considering their multiple advantages.
El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática es evaluar la seguridad del uso de anestésicos locales (AL) combinados con vasoconstrictor (VC) en pacientes con hipertensión controlada durante procedimientos dentales. Se realizó una estrategia de búsqueda para identificar todos los estudios clínicos aleatorizados (ECA) relevantes que evaluaban el efecto del AL combinado con VC. Todos los estudios fueron del periodo entre 1990 a febrero del 2021. Se realizó un meta-análisis usando modelos de efecto aleatorizado y una revisión de la certeza de la evidencia usando el método GRADE. Nuestra estrategia de búsqueda arrojó 1262 referencias. Finalmente, siete estudios clínicos aleatorizados fueron incluidos, de los cuales tres fueron incluidos en el meta-análisis. El uso de AL con VC produce una pequeña a ninguna diferencia en el pulso cardiaco, presión sistólica y diastólica, pero la certeza de la evidencia fue baja. Muerte, infarto agudo al miocardio, accidente cerebrovascular, necesidad de hospitalización, dolor y hemorragia no fueron reportados en los estudios incluidos. Los cambios hemodinámicos en el uso de VC no implican un aumento de riesgo de ocurrencia de efectos adversos cardiovasculares. El uso de VC puede ser recomendable considerando sus múltiples ventajas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Care , Hypertension/surgery , Anesthetics, Local/therapeutic use , Vasoconstrictor Agents/therapeutic use , Hemodynamics/drug effectsABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic as a global threat caused the introduction of different biopolitical measures accompanied by discourses on otherness, including xenophobic, racist, nationalist, or new orientalist discourses. The aim of this research is to map discourses on otherness during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our general hypothesis is that, despite the differences in social and cultural contexts, discourses on otherness generated during the pandemic legitimized biopolitical actions and/or measures in addition to exacerbating social, political and cultural differences. The research is based on a semi-systematic approach to literature review using Situational Analysis and Sociology of Knowledge Approach to Discourse. In conclusion, we discuss the impact of discourse studies in the context of the global emergency.
ABSTRACT
The cereal grains, which represent the cultivated grasses fruits, supply almost half of the total caloric requirements for humans and provide more nourishment compared with any other class of the food. Out of many cereals used for food, maize, rice, and wheat are the most important food resources for humans, representing 94% of the total cereals consumption. According to the data of the Republic Institute of Statistics for the year 2018, the harvested areas of corn amount to 906,753 hectares. The production of about 7 million tons was achieved with an average yield of 7.7 t/ha according to the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Serbia. Serbia is still among the ten largest exporters of wheat and corn in the world for the period of 2014/15-2017/18. More precisely, it ranks seventh in the export of corn. Utilization of maize products for food animal nutrition (1000 t) is 491,48, and for industrial processing (1000 t) 278,862 expressed as the total consumption (1000 t) is 769,910. Therefore, a total of 103 samples of maize products were analyzed for the presence of toxins, i.e., tropane alkaloids (TAs). The samples were collected from the retail stores in the Republic of Serbia in 2021 and analyzed for the presence of atropine and scopolamine (33 corn grits, 39 polenta, and 31 semolina samples). Therefore, the Recommendation 2015/976/EU on the monitoring of TAs in food was adopted by the EU Commission to obtain more occurrence data on TAs in food. The monitoring extent, however, is restricted because reliable analytical methods and appropriate sensitivity are limited. There was a limit of 1 g/kg for each atropine and scopolamine in cereals containing millet, sorghum, buckwheat, or their derivatives. All the samples were analyzed by the LC-MS/MS. The LOQ was set at 1.0 µg/kg. Out of the total 103 tested samples, 32 samples (31.1%) were contaminated with atropine and scopolamine in concentrations above the LOQ. The highest concentrations of the studied TAs were observed in a semolina sample-atropine: 58.80 µg/kg, scopolamine: 10.20 µg/kg. The obtained results indicate that the TAs concentrations are above the LOQ which can be considered potential human and animal health hazards.
Subject(s)
Atropine , Scopolamine , Animals , Chromatography, Liquid/methods , Edible Grain/chemistry , Food Contamination/analysis , Humans , Scopolamine/analysis , Serbia , Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods , Tropanes/analysis , Zea maysABSTRACT
RESUMEN: Introducción: La adición de tratamiento antibiótico al tratamiento analgésico en el manejo postoperatorio de cirugía de terceros molares en pacientes sanos, ha sido propuesta principalmente para prevenir complicaciones postoperatorias. Sin embargo, es una terapia controvertida en la actualidad. Métodos: Realizamos una búsqueda en Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud, la cual es mantenida mediante el cribado de múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Extrajimos los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, analizamos los datos de los estudios primarios, realizamos un metaanálisis y preparamos una tabla de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. Resultados y conclusiones: Identificamos siete revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyeron ocho estudios primarios, de los cuales siete corresponden a ensayos aleatorizados. Concluimos que la adición del tratamiento antibiótico postoperatorio en cirugía de terceros molares en pacientes sanos, disminuye la incidencia de fiebre y probablemente disminuye el desarrollo de infección. Además, podría disminuir la inflamación, pero la certeza de la evidencia es baja. Finalmente, no existe claridad de que la adición de un tratamiento antibiótico postoperatorio en cirugía de terceros molares disminuya el dolor y otros efectos adversos ya que la certeza de la evidencia ha sido evaluada como muy baja.
ABSTRACT: Introduction: Postoperative antibiotic therapy in addition to analgesics for impacted third molar surgery in healthy patients has been proposed to prevent postoperative complications. However, antibiotic use in healthy patients is still controversial. Methods: We searched in Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalyzed data of primary studies, conducted a meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach. Results and conclusions: We identified seven systematic reviews including eight studies overall, of which seven were randomized trials. We conclude that postoperative antibiotic therapy compared with no antibiotic treatment in healthy patients who underwent third molar surgery reduces the risk of fever and probably reduces the risk of infection. Also, it may reduce inflammation, but the certainty of the evidence has been assessed as low. Finally, we are uncertain whether the addition of a postoperative antibiotic in third molar surgery reduces pain and other adverse events, as the certainty of the evidence has been assessed as very low.
