ABSTRACT
Inhibitors of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) have dramatically changed the treatment landscape for patients with cancer. Clinical activity of anti-PD-(L)1 antibodies has resulted in increased median overall survival and durable responses in patients across selected tumor types. To date, 6 PD-1 and PD-L1, here collectively referred to as PD-(L)1, pathway inhibitors are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for clinical use. The availability of multiple anti-PD-(L)1 antibodies provides treatment and dosing regimen choice for patients with cancer. Here, we describe the nonclinical characterization of dostarlimab (TSR-042), a humanized anti-PD-1 antibody, which binds with high affinity to human PD-1 and effectively inhibits its interaction with its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2. Dostarlimab enhanced effector T-cell functions, including cytokine production, in vitro. Since dostarlimab does not bind mouse PD-1, its single-agent antitumor activity was evaluated using humanized mouse models. In this model system, dostarlimab demonstrated antitumor activity as assessed by tumor growth inhibition, which was associated with increased infiltration of immune cells. Single-dose and 4-week repeat-dose toxicology studies in cynomolgus monkeys indicated that dostarlimab was well tolerated. In a clinical setting, based on data from the GARNET trial, dostarlimab (Jemperli) was approved for the treatment of adult patients with mismatch repair-deficient recurrent or advanced endometrial cancer that had progressed on or following prior treatment with a platinum-containing regimen. Taken together, these data demonstrate that dostarlimab is a potent anti-PD-1 receptor antagonist, with properties that support its continued clinical investigation in patients with cancer.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized , Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological , Neoplasms, Experimental , Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor , Animals , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/chemistry , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/immunology , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/immunology , Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology , CHO Cells , Cricetulus , Humans , Jurkat Cells , Macaca fascicularis , Mice , Mice, Transgenic , Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy , Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology , Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors , Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/immunology , Xenograft Model Antitumor AssaysABSTRACT
Aggrecanase-2 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-5 (ADAMTS-5)), a member of the ADAMTS protein family, is critically involved in arthritic diseases because of its direct role in cleaving the cartilage component aggrecan. The catalytic domain of aggrecanase-2 has been refolded, purified, and crystallized, and its three-dimensional structure determined to 1.4A resolution in the presence of an inhibitor. A high resolution structure of an ADAMTS/aggrecanase protein provides an opportunity for the development of therapeutics to treat osteoarthritis.
Subject(s)
ADAM Proteins/chemistry , Catalytic Domain , ADAM Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors , ADAM Proteins/isolation & purification , ADAM Proteins/metabolism , ADAMTS5 Protein , Amino Acid Sequence , Crystallography, X-Ray , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Enzyme Stability/drug effects , Humans , Models, Molecular , Molecular Sequence Data , Protein Folding , Protein Structure, Secondary , Temperature , Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3/metabolismABSTRACT
A rapid HPLC assay was developed for monitoring the activity of the two proprotein convertases, PACE-4 and furin. Six novel peptide substrates were synthesized containing the minimal PC recognition sequence (Arg-X-X-Arg), as well as tryptophan residue(s) for easy detection. Four of the peptides were cleaved by both PCs and their kinetic parameters determined. Two peptides were not cleaved but were shown to be good negative controls although not inhibitors of either PC. In addition, inhibition curves were plotted and IC(50) values calculated for PACE-4 and furin in the presence of two polyarginine peptides, hexa and deca-D-arginine.
