Minty aroma compounds in red wine: Development of a novel automated HS-SPME-arrow and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry quantification method.

A novel automated method was developed for the quantitative determination of nine terpenoids that could contribute to the minty notes of red wine bouquet. The method couples headspace SPME-Arrow extraction with GC-MS/MS analysis. PDMS/DVB fiber was chosen for the extraction and an ionization energy of 30 eV permitted to optimize the analyte detection. The optimal sample preparation consists of a two-fold dilution of the wine sample with addition of 4 g of sodium chloride while the most suitable extraction conditions take place at 50 °C for 1 h. The method shows good linearity, intraday variations between 2 and 25%, interday variations between 7 and 23% and recoveries between 80 and 119%. The method exhibits the required low detection (between 3 and 60 ng/L) and quantification (between 6 ng/L and 200 ng/L) limits. These limits have permitted the quantification of the pool of minty terpenoids in fourteen red Bordeaux wines.

[Harmonization of data coding in post-transplant follow-up - "GVHD, complications and additional treatments": Guidelines from the Francophone Society of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (SFGM-TC)]. / Harmonisation du codage des données difficiles du post-greffe « GVHD, complications et traitements additionnels ¼ : recommandations de la Société francophone de greffe de moelle et de thérapie cellulaire (SFGM-TC).

The quality of the information provided in post-transplant follow-up is necessary to obtain a coherent and exploitable database. Since the beginning of 2017, three forms (Med-B-allograft) have been available: the first month (Day 0), Day 100 (second report) and an annual follow-up report. Recommendations for follow-up were addressed in the 2014 harmonization workshop, "Harmonization of Data Coding…". However, it is sometimes difficult to determine which data to specify in ProMISe for post-transplantation. The objective of this workshop was to clarify certain situations and/or items.

Altruistic Lying in an Alibi Corroboration Context: The Effects of Liking, Compliance, and Relationship between Suspects and Witnesses.

Police investigators, judges, and jurors are often very skeptical of alibi witness testimony. To investigate when and why individuals lie for one another, we conducted two studies in which witnesses' support of a false alibi was observed. We varied the level of social pressure exerted on witnesses and the level of affinity between suspect-witness pairs. During a study session purportedly intended to investigate dyadic problem-solving ability, a mock theft was staged. When questioned, participants were provided the opportunity to either corroborate or refute a confederate's false alibi that the latter was with them when the theft occurred. Participants were more likely to lie for the confederate when the latter explicitly asked participants to conceal his/her whereabouts during the time of the theft (Study 1). How much participants liked the suspect did not impact lying; however, participants lied for a confederate more often when the latter was a friend rather than a stranger (Study 2). Results show that alibi witnesses often lie and that investigators and jurors may not accurately estimate the likelihood that such witnesses will lie for one another. Witnesses who lied also reported doing so more often because they believed that the suspect was innocent rather than guilty. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

[Improving diagnosis coding in the ProMise database: Guidelines of the Francophone society of bone marrow transplantation and cellular therapy (SFGM-TC)]. / Difficultés de codage des diagnostics dans la base de données ProMISe : recommandations de la Société francophone de greffe de moelle et de thérapie cellulaire (SFGM-TC).

In the attempt to harmonize clinical practices between different centers belonging to the Francophone society of bone marrow transplantation and cellular therapy (SFGM-TC), our society set up the sixth annual series of workshops which brought together practitioners from all member centers and took place in September 2015 in Lille. Here, we report our recommendations regarding diagnosis and disease status coding in the ProMISe database used by the SFGM-TC.

A meta-analytic review of collaborative inhibition and postcollaborative memory: Testing the predictions of the retrieval strategy disruption hypothesis.

The retrieval strategy disruption hypothesis (Basden, Basden, Bryner, & Thomas, 1997) is the most widely cited theoretical explanation for why the memory performance of collaborative groups is inferior to the pooled performance of individual group members remembering alone (i.e., collaborative inhibition). This theory also predicts that several variables will moderate collaborative inhibition. This meta-analysis tests the veracity of the theory by systematically examining whether or not these variables do moderate the presence and strength of collaborative inhibition. A total of 75 effect sizes from 64 studies were included in the analysis. Collaborative inhibition was found to be a robust effect. Moreover, it was enhanced when remembering took place in larger groups, when uncategorized content items were retrieved, when group members followed free-flowing and free-order procedures, and when group members did not know one another. These findings support the retrieval strategy disruption hypothesis as a general theoretical explanation for the collaborative inhibition effect. Several additional analyses were also conducted to elucidate the potential contributions of other cognitive mechanisms to collaborative inhibition. Some results suggest that a contribution of retrieval inhibition is possible, but we failed to find any evidence to suggest retrieval blocking and encoding specificity impact upon collaborative inhibition effects. In a separate analysis (27 effect sizes), moderating factors of postcollaborative memory performance were examined. Generally, collaborative remembering tends to benefit later individual retrieval. Moderator analyses suggest that reexposure to study material may be partly responsible for this postcollaborative memory enhancement. Some applied implications of the meta-analyses are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record

Lost proof of innocence: The impact of confessions on alibi witnesses.

The present study investigated how alibi witnesses react in the face of an innocent suspect's confession. Under the pretext of a problem-solving study, a participant and confederate completed a series of tasks in the same testing room. The confederate was subsequently accused of stealing money from an adjacent office during the study session. After initially corroborating the innocent confederate's alibi that she never left the testing room, only 45% of participants maintained their support of that alibi once informed that the confederate had confessed (vs. 95% when participants believed the confederate had denied involvement). Even fewer (20%) maintained their corroboration when the experimenter insinuated that their support of the alibi might imply their complicity. The presence of a confession also decreased participants' confidence in the accuracy of the alibi and their belief in the confederate's innocence. These findings suggest that a police-induced confession can strip an innocent confessor of a vital source of exculpatory evidence. This effect may well explain the often-puzzling absence of exculpatory evidence in many cases involving wrongful conviction.

Quantitative solid phase microextraction--gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of five megastigmatrienone isomers in aged wine.

Megastigmatrienone is a key flavor compound in tobacco. It has also been detected in wine, where it may contribute to a tobacco/incense aroma, but its importance and concentration in wines had never previously been evaluated. A method was developed and validated for quantifying the five megastigmatrienone isomers in red and white wines. Megastigmatrienone isomers were extracted by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), with a 65 µm film thickness polydimethylsiloxane-divinylbenzene (PDMS-DVB) fiber and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in selected ion monitoring mode (SIM). Several parameters affecting the length of the adsorption process (i.e., adding salt, extraction time and extraction temperature) were tested. The optimum analytical conditions were established. The LOQ were between 0.06 µg L(-1) and 0.49 µg L(-1) for white wine and 0.11 µg L(-1) and 0.98 µg L(-1) for red wine, repeatability in both types of wine was less than 10% and recovery ranged from 96% for white wine to 94% for red wine. The five isomers of megastigmatrienone were quantified in red and white wines for the first time. Concentrations ranged from 2 µg L(-1) to 41 µg L(-1) in both red and white wines. Initial results revealed a link between wine aging and megastigmatrienone levels, indicating that megastigmatrienone may be a component in wine "bouquet".

Centrifugal partition chromatography applied to the isolation of oak wood aroma precursors.

Flavours extracted from oak wood during barrel ageing contribute to the organoleptic character of wines and spirits. The aim of this work was to identify the glycosidic precursors of the key volatile compounds responsible for oak wood aroma. Oak extract is a very complex matrix and, furthermore, precursors are present in very small quantities. Preparative centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) is a promising solution for purifying the oak extract. The solvent system was selected on the basis of the partition coefficient of glycosidase enzyme activity (Kca). Thanks to the efficacy of CPC separation, three glucoside gallates were subsequently isolated by HPLC chromatography. Vanillin-(6'-O-galloyl)-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside, 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl-(6'-O-galloyl)-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside, and (6R,9R)-3-oxo-α-ionol-9-O-(6'-O-galloyl)-ß-glucopyranoside (macarangioside E) were isolated and identified. This was the first time that vanillin-(6'-O-galloyl)-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside was identified and the first time that macarangioside E was isolated from oak wood. Heating macarangioside E resulted in the formation of megastigmatrienone, which has an aroma reminiscent of tobacco.

False alibi corroboration: witnesses lie for suspects who seem innocent, whether they like them or not.

To test the commonly held assumption that individuals who share a personal relationship are more likely to lie for one another than are strangers, 81 undergraduate students were given the opportunity to either corroborate or refute a confederate's alibi. In either a "friendship-enhancing" or a "stranger-maintaining" condition, confederate-participant pairs completed tasks under the pretext of a problem-solving study. During the experimental session, the confederate briefly left the testing room; upon her return she either came back empty handed (evidence absent) or with money in her hands (evidence present). Later, both the confederate and participant were questioned about a purported theft in an adjacent room. When questioned by the experimenter in the presence of the participant, the confederate provided a false alibi that she was in the testing room with the participant the entire time. The experimenter later questioned the participant alone and asked whether the confederate's statement was in fact true. Although we hypothesized that participants in the friendship-enhancing condition would corroborate the false alibi more often than those in the stranger-maintaining condition, participants in both conditions were as likely to support the alibi. In the "evidence-present" condition, however, participants were much less likely to corroborate the false alibi than in the "evidence-absent" condition. The results call into question our belief that closeness and affinity toward a suspect is important in judging the truthfulness of witness statements and emphasize the need for further empirical research on alibi corroboration. The research described also introduces a new and effective paradigm to directly measure false alibi corroboration.

Incidence of late-relapse germ cell tumor and outcome to salvage chemotherapy.

PURPOSE: To define the incidence, clinical features, and outcome to salvage chemotherapy in patients with late-relapse germ cell tumor (GCT) after a complete response to first-line chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two patient populations were examined. First, retrospective analysis of 246 patients treated on a clinical trial with salvage chemotherapy was performed; 29 patients with late-relapse GCT were identified and evaluated for treatment outcome and survival. Salvage regimens included paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and cisplatin, single agents, or a high-dose chemotherapy program. Second, the incidence of late relapse was assessed by retrospective analysis of 551 patients after a complete response (CR) to first-line chemotherapy. RESULTS: Twenty-nine patients received salvage chemotherapy on a clinical trial for late relapse GCT. The median survival was 23.9 months. At a median follow-up of 50.6 months, there were nine survivors. The chemotherapy regimens varied, but the only CRs were observed in patients treated with paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and cisplatin. Seven (50%) of 14 patients treated with paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and cisplatin achieved a continuous CR. Among the second population of 551 patients who had previously achieved a CR to a first-line chemotherapy trial, 17 were identified as having a late relapse (3%). The median time to relapse for these 17 patients was 7.8 years. CONCLUSION: Late-relapse GCT is uncommon and is associated with a poor prognosis resulting from a high degree of resistance to chemotherapy. Chemotherapy with paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and cisplatin followed by surgery may be effective in patients with late-relapse GCT who are not considered candidates for primary surgery.

Combination of paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and cisplatin is an effective second-line therapy for patients with relapsed testicular germ cell tumors.

PURPOSE: The efficacy of paclitaxel was evaluated in combination with ifosfamide and cisplatin as second-line chemotherapy for patients with relapsed testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-six patients with progressive metastatic GCTs were treated with paclitaxel and ifosfamide plus cisplatin (TIP) as second-line therapy. Eligibility required that patients have both a testis primary tumor site and a prior complete response (CR) to a first-line chemotherapy program, which had been identified previously as favorable prognostic factors to conventional-dose salvage chemotherapy. RESULTS: Thirty-two (70%) of 46 patients achieved a CR to treatment. Three patients (7%) who achieved a CR relapsed after TIP chemotherapy. Twenty-nine patients are continuously disease free at a median follow-up time of 69 months, resulting in a 63% durable CR rate and a 2-year progression-free survival rate of 65% (95% CI, 51% to 79%). CONCLUSION: Four cycles of TIP as second-line therapy achieved a durable CR rate in a high proportion of patients with relapsed testicular GCT. The high CR rate emphasizes the importance of patient selection according to prognostic factors to achieve a favorable outcome to conventional-dose salvage therapy.

Phase II trial of bortezomib for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma.

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy and toxicity of bortezomib (Velcade; Milennium Pharmaceuticals Inc, Cambridge, MA; formerly PS-341) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-seven patients with metastatic RCC were treated with bortezomib. The first 25 patients enrolled onto the trial were treated with a dose of 1.5 mg/m2. The dose was decreased to 1.3 mg/m2 for the subsequent 12 patients, because more than 50% of the patients treated at the higher dose required dose reductions. Bortezomib was given by intravenous administration on a twice-weekly schedule for 2 weeks followed by 1 week without treatment until progression or unacceptable toxicity occurred. Twenty-three patients (62%) previously had undergone nephrectomy, and 19 patients (51%) had previously been treated with cytokine therapy. RESULTS: Of the 37 assessable patients, the best response was a partial response in four patients (11%; 95% CI, 3% to 25%) and stable disease in 14 patients (38%; 95% CI, 23% to 55%). The four patients with partial response experienced response durations of 8, 8+, 15+, and 20+ months. Grade 2 or 3 sensory neuropathy was present in 10 patients (53%) overall. One patient in the 1.5 mg/m2 group had grade 3 sensory neuropathy; no grade 3 sensory neuropathy was seen in the 1.3 mg/m2 group. CONCLUSION: The results of this trial suggest that bortezomib has an antitumor effect in individual patients with metastatic RCC. The small proportion of patients who achieved a partial response does not support routine use in metastatic RCC. Efforts to identify the molecular profile associated with clinical response or combination therapy with interferon alfa or other novel agents, may be considered.

Phase II trial of temozolomide in patients with cisplatin-refractory germ cell tumors.

Fourteen patients with cisplatin-refractory germ cell tumors (GCT) were treated with temozolomide on a phase II trial. Temozolomide was given orally at 150 mg/m2/day on days 1-5. The cycle length was 28 days. No patient experienced a grade 3 or 4 toxicity, and none of the 14 evaluable patients achieved a complete or partial response. Temozolomide is not efficacious in the treatment of cisplatin-refractory GCT patients.

Prognostic factors for survival in previously treated patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

PURPOSE: To describe survival in previously treated patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) who are candidates for clinical trials of new agents as second-line therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The relationship between pretreatment clinical features and survival was studied in 251 patients with advanced RCC treated during 29 consecutive clinical trials between 1975 and 2002. Clinical features were first examined in univariate analyses, and then a stepwise modeling approach based on Cox regression was used to form a multivariate model. RESULTS: Median survival for the 251 patients was 10.2 months and differed according to year of treatment, with patients treated after 1990 showing longer survival. In this group, the median overall survival time was 12.7 months. Because the purpose of this analysis was to establish prognostic factors for present-day clinical trial design, prognostic factor analysis was performed on these patients. Pretreatment features associated with a shorter survival in the multivariate analysis were low Karnofsky performance status, low hemoglobin level, and high corrected serum calcium. These were used as risk factors to categorize patients into three different groups. The median time to death in patients with zero risk factors was 22 months. The median survival in patients with one of these prognostic factors was 11.9 months. Patients with two or three risk factors had a median survival of 5.4 months. CONCLUSION: Treatment with novel agents during a clinical trial is indicated for patients with metastatic RCC after progression to cytokine treatment. Three prognostic factors for predicting survival were used to categorize patients into risk groups. These risk categories can be used in clinical trial design and interpretation.

Response assessment classification in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma treated on clinical trials.

BACKGROUND: The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect on response assessment classification in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) using unidimensional (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) and bidimensional (World Health Organization) criteria, including or excluding measurements of the primary renal tumor and using a new index to compensate for the disproportionate effect of large renal tumors relative to their metastases. METHODS: Fifty-three imaging studies involving a total of 44 patients with metastatic RCC who were treated on clinical trials of interferon-alpha analogue and/or thalidomide were reviewed retrospectively. The best overall response assessment and progression free survival were calculated with both unidimensional and bidimensional tumor measurements. Patients were then stratified into two groups: patients with primary renal tumors in situ and patients who underwent resection of their primary renal tumors. The best overall response and the time to disease progression were calculated based on the sum of measurements (conventional methodology), both including and excluding the primary tumor. A new method of response assessment, the 'normalized lesion index', which equalizes the differences in tumor size for an individual patient, was evaluated and compared with the conventional response assessment. RESULTS: There was an 11% disagreement rate in the best overall response assessment between unidimensional and bidimensional measurements. The time to progression was 9.2 months measured unidimensionally, compared with 6.4 months assessed bidimensionally. In the group of patients who had primary renal tumors in situ, using the conventional sum of measurements method, the apparent time to progression was an average of 4.2 months longer compared with measurements that did not include the primary renal tumor. The use of the normalized lesion index method resulted in an improved concordance in best overall response assessments and similar time to progression assessments when the primary renal tumor was included compared with patients who did not have primary renal tumors in situ. CONCLUSIONS: The use of unidimensional measurements in RCC therapy assessment results in significantly different time to progression classification compared with the use of bidimensional measurements. Response assessment classification in patients with RCC is affected by the exclusion or inclusion of measurements of the primary renal tumor. The normalized lesion index warrants further study in assessing response in patients with metastatic RCC and other solid tumor malignancies that often show substantial differences in sizes of measurable lesions.

Phase II trial of ZD1839 (IRESSA) in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma.

Eighteen patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) were treated on a phase II trial with ZD1839 (IRESSA). Treatment efficacy was determined using the endpoint of improvement in time to progression (TTP) compared to TTP in patients who received interferon-alpha therapy. The Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center database of renal cell patients shows that patients receiving therapy with interferon-alpha had a median TTP of 4.7 months, with 40% of patients having disease progression at 4 months. To show efficacy in this trial, 60% of evaluable patients would have to remain progression free at 4 months. Treatment with ZD1839 did not result in any complete or partial responses, and 13 patients (81%) had progression of disease within 4 months of start of therapy. At the dose and schedule used in this trial, the lack of antitumor activity associated with ZD1839 does not support further study in patients with metastatic RCC.