ABSTRACT
In an investigation of 201 prostate tissue samples from patients with benign prostate hyperplasia that later progressed to prostate cancer and 201 matched controls that did not, there were no differences in the prevalence of adenovirus, herpesvirus, papilloma virus, polyoma virus and Candida albicans DNA.
Subject(s)
Adenoviridae/genetics , Papillomaviridae/genetics , Polyomavirus/genetics , Prostatic Neoplasms/virology , Rhadinovirus/genetics , Candida albicans/genetics , Case-Control Studies , DNA, Viral/genetics , Disease Progression , Gene Expression Profiling , Humans , Male , Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis/methods , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Prostatic Neoplasms/microbiology , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To study bacterial 16S RNA in archival prostate samples from 352 patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and evaluate whether the presence of bacterial DNA was different in those who later developed prostate cancer (n = 171) and in the matched controls that did not progress to cancer (n = 181). METHODS: 16S DNA PCR followed by cloning and sequencing the positive samples. RESULTS: In 96/352 (27%) of the prostate tissue specimens 16S RNA were detected. Sequence analysis revealed Propionibacterium acnes as the predominant microorganism (23% of 16S RNA positive patients). The second most frequent isolate-Escherichia coli was found in 12 (12%) patients. The other isolates included Pseudomonas sp. (3 patients), Actinomyces sp. (2), Streptococcus mutans (1), Corynebacterium sp. (2), Nocardioides sp. (1), Rhodococcus sp. (1) Veillonella sp. (2). In P. acnes positive samples 62% exhibited severe histological inflammation versus 50% in the bacteria-negative group (p = 0.602). The presence of P. acnes in the prostate was associated with prostate cancer development (OR 2.17, 95% CI 0.77-6.95). CONCLUSIONS: This study has revealed P. acnes as the most common bacteria in the prostate in BPH. Further studies are needed to clarify its role in contributing to the development of prostatic inflammation and prostate cancer.
Subject(s)
Prostatic Neoplasms/microbiology , Prostatic Neoplasms/surgery , RNA, Bacterial , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S , Specimen Handling , Transurethral Resection of Prostate , Aged , Case-Control Studies , DNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification , Disease Progression , Follow-Up Studies , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/complications , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/epidemiology , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/complications , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/epidemiology , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Humans , Logistic Models , Male , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Propionibacterium acnes/isolation & purification , Prostatic Hyperplasia/microbiology , Prostatic Hyperplasia/surgery , Prostatic Neoplasms/epidemiology , RNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/isolation & purification , Risk Factors , Sensitivity and Specificity , Sequence Analysis, RNA , Severity of Illness Index , Sweden/epidemiology , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Application of methylation analysis, specific degradations, and n.m.r. spectroscopy to the capsular polysaccharide elaborated by Streptococcus pneumoniae type 7A indicates a hexasaccharide repeating-unit with the structure (Formula; see text).
