Psycho-emotional status but not cognition is changed under the combined effect of ionizing radiations at doses related to deep space missions.

Human spaceflight launch is the big challenge that the humanity work on. The astronauts' task performance vulnerability to ionizing radiations is one of the major factors limiting deep space missions. In this work, we study the effect of ionizing radiations (γ-quanta and 12C6+ in combination) on cognitive abilities and psycho-emotional status of Wistar rats. Irradiation led to the hyperlocomotion, increase of anxiety-like behavior, suppression of depressive-like behavior and enhancement of spatial learning. These data are consistent with the neurochemical/molecular analysis: enhanced monoaminergic innervation within the hypothalamus (HYP), inhibition of serotonin turnover in the prefrontal cortex and neurokenin 1 receptor overexpression in the amygdala (AMY). In addition, we observe decreased expression of certain biomolecules in the AMY (5-HT2c and 5-HT3) and in the HYP (5-HT2a, 5-HT4 and VMAT2) that can be explained as neuroadaptive changes. Thus, the ionizing radiation exposure significantly modulates the psycho-emotional status. With that, for the first time we received data that radiation effects in the doses and composition of interplanetary space (in terrestrial modeling) could be relatively safe for cognitive functions.

[Study of human lymphocyte subpopulations using a panel of monoclonal antibodies]. / Issledovanie subpopuliatsionnogo sostava limfotsitov cheloveka s pomoshch'iu paneli monoklonal'nykh antitel.

Characteristics of newly produced monoclonal antibodies (MCA) against differentiation antigens of human T- and B-lymphocytes and monocytes have been presented. The features of new MCA were compared with those of MCA with predefined specificity. According to two-color immunofluorescence and radioimmunoprecipitation data some of the former MCA were assigned to established clusters and the other were considered to recognize previously noncharacterized antigens. Potential value of MCA against different antigens in immunological diagnosis has been discussed.

[A panel of monoclonal antibodies against human lymphocyte antigens]. / Panel' monoklonal'nykh antitel protiv antigenov limfotsitov cheloveka.

Monoclonal antibodies (McAb) LT1, LT2, LT4, LT6, LT7, LT8, LB21 and LDR to surface antigens of human lymphocytes have been obtained. Basing on the data concerning the distribution of McAb reactivity with cells from different organs and tissues, and with tumour cell lines, on experiments on the mutual blockage and comodulation of antigens, on two-colour immunofluorescence and determination of the molecular weight of the detected antigens a conclusion is made that the McAb obtained react with CD5, CD2, CD4, CD6, CD7, CD8, CD21 and HLA-DR antigens, respectively. McAb LT1 and Leu1, as well as LT2 and Leu5b in pairs blocked each other completely. The determinant recognized by McAb LT8 is more completely overlapped with the epitope, reacting with McAb OKT8. The McAb LT4 binding site is only partially overlapped with the McAb Leu3 site of recognition and practically is not bound to the epitope recognized by McAb OKT4.

Combined action of nicotinamide and adenine in preservation of packed red cells.

An alkaline resuspension solution "Erythronaph" with adenine and nicotinamide has been developed. It allows to preserve red blood cells for 35 days. Removing leukocytes and platelets up to 90% by brief warning of 24-hour blood prior to centrifugation combined with return of 10% of plasma provide further prolongation of storage of red blood cells in "Erythronaph".

Hemosorption of restored long-preserved blood.

Incubation of long-preserved donor blood erythrocytes (over 21 days) with rejuvenating solution Erythropifaden resulted in an increased ATP concentration to 2.03 +/- 0.34 mmol/l; increased 2,3-DPG to 3.89 +/- 0.51 mmol/l, and the number of erythrocyte discoid forms was raised to 30%. Further blood perfusion through SKN-D hemosorbent allowed to reduce the following adenine level to zero; riboxine by 90; citrate and lactate by 50%. The plasma K+ was decreased from 29.8 +/- 1.25 to 13.0 +/- 0.87 mmol/l, while blood pH rose from 6.675 +/- 0.018 to 7.310 +/- 0.028. At the end of the perfusion, the ATP level was seen to further increase to 2.53 +/- 0.28 mmol/l, and 2,3-DPG to 4.99 +/- 0.7 mmol/l. The indices of osmotic resistance and deformability of erythrocytes were normalized. The discocyte number reached 40%. The amount of red blood cell irreversible forms declined from 26 to 13% without any increment plasma free hemoglobin. The data obtained confirm the high efficacy of the combination of the rejuvenating and hemosorption procedures when applied to stored long-preserved blood.

[Erythrocyte concentrates, low in buffy coat: production, preservation and evaluation of its quality]. / Ubersicht Das buffy-coat-arme Erythrozytenkonzentrat Herstellung, Konservierung und Qualitätsbewertung.

Buffy coat-poor packed red cells were prepared from fresh ACD-, ACD-AG- and EDTA-blood, than resuspended with a preservation solution, containing glucose, adenine, guanosine, sucrose, citric acid and sodium citrate and stored at 4 degrees C for 6 weeks. The survival rate of resuspended red cells from ACD-AG-blood amounted to 77% after 6 weeks of storage. The ATP content of resuspended red cells was approximately 25% lower than in ACD-AG whole blood during storage caused probably by increased ATP consuming reactions at the red cell membrane. The P2G-content of resuspended red cells from ACD- and ACD-AG-blood decreased above 50% of the normal level during the first week, as fast as in ACD- and ACD-AG whole blood. The P2G-breakdown in red cells from EDTA-blood was delayed for a week due to the higher pH as in CPD blood. Additions of xylitol, inorganic phosphate, and bicarbonate in 6, 5 and 20 mM final concentrations in the red cell suspensions and an increased pH at the same time delayed the breakdown of ATP and P2G. Packed red cells can be administered fast enough at hematocrits to 0.60 that will be achieved by adding 50 to 100 ml preservation solution. Leukocytes and thrombocytes were reduceds to 70 to 80%. With increasing rate of reduction a higher loss of red cells occured. Buffy coat-poor red cell concentrate contains only few microaggregates. It diminishes the risc of febrile transfusion reactions and delays the appearance of alloimmunisation. The circulatory overload of patients is less frequent than after transfusions of red cell resuspensions containing a large resuspension volume.