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1.
J Vet Intern Med ; 31(2): 476-485, 2017 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28256075

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Darbepoetin alfa (darbepoetin) is an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent used for the treatment of anemia secondary to chronic kidney disease (CKD) in dogs, but reports describing response are lacking. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of darbepoetin in dogs with anemia secondary to CKD, dosing protocols, and adverse events. ANIMALS: Thirty-three client-owned dogs with naturally occurring CKD, including 26 with comorbidities. METHODS: Multi-institutional retrospective study. RESULTS: The median starting dosage and highest dosage of darbepoetin administered were 0.5 and 0.8 µg/kg SC once weekly, respectively. Response to treatment was defined as achieving a packed cell volume (PCV) ≥30% or an increase in PCV ≥10%. Twenty-eight of 33 dogs (85%) achieved a PCV ≥30% and 22 of 33 (67%) dogs achieved an increase in PCV ≥10%. Median time to achieve a PCV ≥30% was 29 days. A higher starting dosage was associated with achieving an increase in PCV ≥10% (P = .01). No dog sustained a response at a dosing interval >q21d. Potential adverse events included increased blood pressure requiring treatment (n = 12), seizures (n = 5), vomiting (n = 3), diarrhea (n = 3), and possible pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) (n = 2). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Darbepoetin, when combined with treatment of comorbidities, is an effective treatment for anemia secondary to CKD in dogs. A dosing interval >q21d was ineffective at maintaining a response to treatment. PRCA was a possible adverse event in 2 of 33 dogs (6%).


Subject(s)
Anemia/veterinary , Darbepoetin alfa/therapeutic use , Dog Diseases/drug therapy , Hematinics/therapeutic use , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/veterinary , Anemia/drug therapy , Animals , Darbepoetin alfa/adverse effects , Dog Diseases/blood , Dogs , Erythropoiesis/drug effects , Female , Hematinics/adverse effects , Hematocrit/veterinary , Male , Red-Cell Aplasia, Pure/chemically induced , Red-Cell Aplasia, Pure/veterinary , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/blood , Retrospective Studies
2.
J Vet Intern Med ; 26(3): 688-9, 2012.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22390370

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Serosurveys of cats for exposure to or infection with leptospires have been published from other geographic areas, but none for cats in the United States in the past 4 decades. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the prevalence of leptospiral antibodies in a population of free roaming cats in Worcester County, (central) Massachusetts. ANIMALS: Sixty-three free roaming cats presenting to a trap-neuter-return (TNR) program. METHODS: Prospective study. Serum was collected from 63 free roaming cats presented to a university associated TNR. Microagglutination titers to Leptospira interrogans serovars Autumnalis, Hardjo, Bratislava, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Canicola, Pomona, and L kirshneri Grippotyphosa were determined. RESULTS: A total of 3 of 63 cats (4.8%) had a titer of 1 : 100 or greater to one or more serovars, with Autumnalis being the most common. None of the cats were seropositive to Hardjo, Grippotyphosa, or Canicola. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: These results are consistent with previously published seroprevalence rates in feral cats. Additional studies are required to determine the role of leptosporosis in clinical disease in the domestic cat.


Subject(s)
Cat Diseases/microbiology , Leptospira/isolation & purification , Leptospirosis/veterinary , Agglutination Tests/veterinary , Animals , Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Cat Diseases/epidemiology , Cats , Leptospirosis/epidemiology , Leptospirosis/microbiology , Male , Massachusetts/epidemiology , Pilot Projects , Prospective Studies , Seroepidemiologic Studies
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