ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study addressed the question whether the composition of supposedly 'healthy' or 'unhealthy' dietary regimes has a calorie-independent short-term effect on biomarkers of metabolic stress and vascular risk in healthy individuals. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Healthy male volunteers (age 29.5 +/- 5.9 years, n = 39) were given a standardized baseline diet for two weeks before randomization into three groups of different dietary regimes: fast food, Mediterranean and German cooking style. Importantly, the amount of calories consumed per day was identical in all three groups. Blood samples were analyzed for biomarkers of cardiovascular risk and metabolic stress after two weeks of the baseline diet and after two weeks of the assigned dietary regime. RESULTS: No dietary intervention affected the metabolic or cardiovascular risk profile when compared in-between groups or compared to baseline. Subjects applied to the Mediterranean diet showed a statistically significant increase of uric acid compared to baseline and compared to the German diet group. Plasma concentrations of urea were significantly higher in both the fast food group and the Mediterranean group, when compared to baseline and compared to the German diet group. No significant differences were detected for the levels of vitamins, trace elements or metabolic stress markers (8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, malondialdehyde and methylglyoxal, a potent glycating agent). Established parameters of vascular risk (e.g. LDL-cholesterol, lipoprotein(a), homocysteine) were not significantly changed in-between groups or compared to baseline during the intervention period. CONCLUSIONS: The calorie-controlled dietary intervention caused neither protective nor harmful short-term effects regarding established biomarkers of vascular or metabolic risk. When avoiding the noxious effects of overfeeding, healthy individuals can possess the metabolic capacity to compensate for a potentially disadvantageous composition of a certain diet.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Biomarkers , Cooking , Diet , Diet, Mediterranean , Fast Foods , Lipoprotein(a) , Malondialdehyde , Oxidative Stress , Plasma , Pyruvaldehyde , Random Allocation , Stress, Physiological , Trace Elements , Urea , Uric Acid , Vitamins , VolunteersABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study addressed the question whether the composition of supposedly 'healthy' or 'unhealthy' dietary regimes has a calorie-independent short-term effect on biomarkers of metabolic stress and vascular risk in healthy individuals. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Healthy male volunteers (age 29.5 +/- 5.9 years, n = 39) were given a standardized baseline diet for two weeks before randomization into three groups of different dietary regimes: fast food, Mediterranean and German cooking style. Importantly, the amount of calories consumed per day was identical in all three groups. Blood samples were analyzed for biomarkers of cardiovascular risk and metabolic stress after two weeks of the baseline diet and after two weeks of the assigned dietary regime. RESULTS: No dietary intervention affected the metabolic or cardiovascular risk profile when compared in-between groups or compared to baseline. Subjects applied to the Mediterranean diet showed a statistically significant increase of uric acid compared to baseline and compared to the German diet group. Plasma concentrations of urea were significantly higher in both the fast food group and the Mediterranean group, when compared to baseline and compared to the German diet group. No significant differences were detected for the levels of vitamins, trace elements or metabolic stress markers (8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, malondialdehyde and methylglyoxal, a potent glycating agent). Established parameters of vascular risk (e.g. LDL-cholesterol, lipoprotein(a), homocysteine) were not significantly changed in-between groups or compared to baseline during the intervention period. CONCLUSIONS: The calorie-controlled dietary intervention caused neither protective nor harmful short-term effects regarding established biomarkers of vascular or metabolic risk. When avoiding the noxious effects of overfeeding, healthy individuals can possess the metabolic capacity to compensate for a potentially disadvantageous composition of a certain diet.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Biomarkers , Cooking , Diet , Diet, Mediterranean , Fast Foods , Lipoprotein(a) , Malondialdehyde , Oxidative Stress , Plasma , Pyruvaldehyde , Random Allocation , Stress, Physiological , Trace Elements , Urea , Uric Acid , Vitamins , VolunteersABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The burden of intracerebral hemorrhage associated with oral anticoagulants (OAC-ICH) is growing. However, little is known about the pathophysiology of W-ICH. Herein, we refine a mouse model of OAC-ICH using repetitive T2* MRI to describe kinetics of hematoma enlargement, and establish a benchside point of care INR assay (PoC) for assessment of anticoagulation. METHODS: C57/BL6 mice drank warfarin (0.4mg/kg/24h) in their water. ICH was induced by stereotactic injection of collagenase type VII (0.045U) into the left striatum. Hemorrhagic blood volume was quantified by MRI T2* images and on cryosections 48h after ICH induction. Kinetics of hematoma expansion were compared in strongly, moderately, and non-anticoagulated mice using repeated MRI T2* imaging. The PoC INR technique was validated against standard laboratory INR, and tail vein bleeding time (TVBT). RESULTS: PoC INR correlated with central laboratory measurements (r=0.989; p<0.0001) and with TVBT (r=0.982; p<0.0001). Hematoma volume was 21.2+/-6.7mm(3) in heavily (PoC INR 4-5), 12.3+/-4.8 in moderately (INR 2-3), and 8.6+/-3.3 in non-anticoagulated mice (INR<1.2). Hematoma volume determined from cryosections and T2* MRI correlated well (r=0.922). Strength of anticoagulation was associated with neurologic outcome. Hematoma enlargement occurred mainly during the first 3h in anticoagulated mice. CONCLUSIONS: PoC allows repeated benchside INR measurements in individual mice which reflect the level of anticoagulation. Stronger anticoagulation results in larger hematoma volumes. As hematoma enlargement occurs mainly during the first hours, potential hemostatic therapies should be tested early in this OAC-ICH model.
