Depresión posparto: prevalencia y relación con la tipología y función familiar / Postpartum depression: its prevalence and relation to family typology and functioning

Introducción: la depresión posparto (DPP) constituye un problema de salud pública. Se han descrito múltiples factores de riesgo biológicos y psicosociales. En Colombia no existen estudios que determinen su prevalencia con base en escalas de tamizaje y aplicación de criterios diagnósticos, así como su relación con los instrumentos de valoración familiar. Objetivo:estimar la prevalencia de DPP y su relación con condiciones clínicas, curso de vida, tipología y función familiar, en mujeres en puerperio mediato (2 a 48 horas posteriores al parto). Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional de corte transversal analítico en puerperio mediato, aplicando la escala de Edimburgo (EPDS) y los criterios DSM5 para tamizaje y diagnóstico de DPP. Se evaluaron variables sociodemográficas, antecedentes ginecoobstétricos, perinatales, condiciones clínicas y se aplicaron instrumentos de valoración familiar como curso de vida, tipología de familia y APGAR familiar. Resultados: se incluyeron 336 participantes con edad media de 27,3 años, la prevalencia de DPP fue 5.1%, las patologías prevalentes fueron preeclampsia (8.3%) y diabetes gestacional (6.3%), 58% (p<0,001) presentaban algún grado de disfunción familiar y 88% (p 0,01) hacían parte de familias nucleares. No se encontró significancia estadística para las condiciones clínicas y el curso de vida. Conclusiones: la DPP es un problema de salud mental prevalente que está relacionado con múltiples factores, entre ellos la tipología y la función familiar. Se requieren más estudios cuantitativos que permitan establecer relaciones de causalidad y con metodología cualitativa para explicar mejor este fenómeno.

Introduction: postpartum depression (PPD) is a public health issue. Multiple biological and psychosocial risk factors have been described. In Colombia there are no studies determining its prevalence based on screening scales and diagnostic criteria, as well as its relation to family functioning assessment instruments. Objective: to determine PPD prevalence in in women in the immediate postnatal period and its association with clinical conditions, life-course, and family typology and functioning. Materials and methods: an analytical cross-sectional observational study conducted in the immediate postnatal period (2 to 48 hours after delivery), using the Edinburgh scale (EPDS) and the DSM5 criteria for PPD screening and diagnosis. Sociodemographic variables such as, gynecological-obstetric, and perinatal history, and clinical conditions, were analyzed. Family functioning assessment instruments such as life-course, family typology and family APGAR, were applied. Results: 336 participants with a mean age of 27.3 years, were included. The prevalence of PPD was 5.1%, while prevalent pathologies were preeclampsia (8.3%) and gestational diabetes (6.3%). 58% (p<0.001) had a dysfunctional family to some degree and 88% (p 0.01) belonged to nuclear families. No statistical significance was found for clinical conditions and life-course. Conclusions: PPD is a prevalent mental health issue caused by multiple factors, such as family typology and functioning. Further quantitative and qualitative studies to establish causal relationships, are needed, to better understand this phenomenon.

Características de mujeres en puerperio valoradas por el programa Cuidamujer / Characteristics of postpartum women evaluated by the Cuidamujer program

Introducción: el puerperio es un periodo de alta vulnerabilidad y las complicaciones pueden asociarse con elevada mortalidad materna. El programa Cuidamujer está enfocado en educación durante el puerperio. Objetivo: describir las características sociodemográficas y psicosociales del programa Cuidamujer entre noviembre 2018 y diciembre 2019. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo. La información se obtuvo de las historias clínicas para el análisis descriptivo de las variables sociodemográficas y clínicas con el software SPSS IBM® V 20. Resultados: se incluyeron 712 mujeres entre 18 y 35 años con bachillerato completo, 79.2% pertenecían a familia nuclear y 63,5% estaban en el ciclo vital familiar en expansión. 15.7% asistieron a consulta preconcepcional, 62.9% y 9% presentaban alto riesgo obstétrico y psicosocial, la tasa de cesárea fue 74.7% y las actividades educativas y de anticoncepción tuvieron cobertura de 99%, recibiéndolas al egreso hospitalario el 82.72%. Conclusiones: el perfil de las mujeres en puerperio es de adultas jóvenes con educación secundaria y familias nucleares en expansión, pobre adherencia a atención preconcepcional, bajo riesgo psicosocial y alto riesgo obstétrico. Llama la atención las tasas elevadas de cesárea, lo cual merece ser estudiado en esta población.

Introduction: the puerperium period carries high maternal vulnerability and complications which may lead to high maternal mortality. The Cuidamujer program is centered on providing postpartum education. Objective: to describe the sociodemographic and psychosocial characteristics of the Cuidamujer program between November 2018 and December 2019. Materials and methods: a descriptive, retrospective cross-sectional study. Information was obtained from medical records and used for the descriptive analysis of socio-demographic and clinical variables in the SPSS IBM® V 20 software. Results: 712 women aged between 18 and 35 years with completed high school were included, 79.2% belonged to nuclear families and 63.5% were in the expanding family life cycle; 15.7% attended a preconception care program; 62.9% and 9% had high obstetric and psychosocial risk; the cesarean section rate was 74.7% and the educational and contraceptive counseling activities coverage was 99%; 82.72% received the latter at hospital discharge. Conclusions: the profile of postpartum women is that of young adults with secondary education and expanding nuclear families, poor adherence to preconception care, low psychosocial risk and high obstetric risk. The high cesarean section rates are noteworthy and deserve to be studied in this population.

Effectiveness of a case management model for the comprehensive provision of health services to multi-pathological people.

AIM: To determine the effectiveness of a case management model for approaching multi-pathological people in a health promoting entity of the contributory healthcare scheme in Bogotá, Colombia between 2018 - . DESIGN: Mixed methods research. METHOD: The study contemplates two components: a quantitative component using a quasi-experimental analytical design before and after longitudinal intervention to determine the effectiveness of the case management model and a qualitative descriptive design to understand the experience of the participants about the model. The Administrative Department of Science, Technology and Innovation of Colombia (Colciencias) funded this project by means of call 777-November 2017, under the financing agreement No. 848-December 2017. DISCUSSION: Addressing problems deriving from the structure of the Colombian healthcare system is crucial for implementing case management models. Furthermore, the effectiveness of such models may be affected by power relations and market failures, but the proved potential of a model may represent a generalized benefit for the Colombian health system. IMPACT: In Colombia, considering complications and management of chronic non-communicable diseases as isolated cases is considered as the highest cost events in healthcare provision, since an average of 12.8 million pesos is invested in each patient. This has led to rethink the management in these patients by means of a comprehensive model that guarantees the effectiveness of healthcare delivery, in the framework of a healthcare system heavily affected by payment capacity, where the market has a strong predominance, such as the case of Colombia. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: RPCEC00000293.