Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of theophylline containing variant acetylene derivatives as α-amylase inhibitors.

A novel pharmacophore with theophylline and acetylene moieties was constructed by using a fragment-based drug design and a series of twenty theophylline containing acetylene conjugates were designed and synthesized, and all the compounds were evaluated by enzyme-based in vitro α-amylase inhibition activity. The in vitro evaluation revealed that most of the compounds displayed good inhibitory activities, and among them nine analogs 13-15, 20, 21 and 24-27 were exhibited more or nearly as equipotent inhibitory activity with IC50 values 1.11 ±â€¯0.07, 1.14 ±â€¯0.17, 1.07 ±â€¯0.01 and 1.21 ±â€¯0.03, 1.33 ±â€¯0.09, 1.17 ±â€¯0.01, 1.05 ±â€¯0.02, 1.61 ±â€¯0.04, 1.02 ±â€¯0.03 µM respectively, as compared with standard, acarbose 1.37 ±â€¯0.26 µM. Further, molecular docking simulation studies were done to identify the interactions and binding mode of synthesized analogs at binding site of α-amylase enzyme (PBD ID: 4GQR). Among the synthesized analogs, two compounds 25 and 27 were selected on the basis of α-amylase inhibition activity and evaluated for in vivo anti-diabetic activity by High Fat Diet-Streptozotocin (HFD-STZ) model in normal rats. At the dose of 10 mg/kg, bw, po these compounds have significantly reduced Plasma Glucose level in rats as compared to pioglitazone. The anti-diabetic activity results showed that the animal treated with the compounds 25 and 27 could better reverse and control the progression of the disease compared to the standard.

Design, synthesis, anticancer activity and docking studies of theophylline containing 1,2,3-triazoles with variant amide derivatives.

A new series of theophylline analogues containing 1,2,3-triazoles with different amide groups (22-41) has been designed and synthesized, and their biological activities have been evaluated as potential anticancer agents. The anticancer activities of the synthesized compounds were studied in four cancer cell lines viz. lung (A549), colon (HT-29), breast (MCF-7) and melanoma (A375). Furthermore, these compounds were screened for computational ADME and Lipinski's analysis followed by molecular docking and binding energy calculations against the various therapeutic targets involved in cell proliferation. The in vitro results demonstrate that compounds 22, 27, 36 and 40 have pivotal anticancer activity. Among these, compounds 22 and 27 have significant cytotoxic activity in all three cell lines; the in silico docking studies also reveal that compounds 22, 27 and 36 have good dock scores, binding affinities and binding energies towards human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. This is the first report to demonstrate theophylline hybrids containing 1,2,3-triazoles as potential anticancer agents.

Design, synthesis, anticancer, antimicrobial activities and molecular docking studies of theophylline containing acetylenes and theophylline containing 1,2,3-triazoles with variant nucleoside derivatives.

A new series of theophylline containing acetylene derivatives (6a-6b and 7-13) and theophylline containing 1,2,3-triazoles with variant nucleoside derivatives (20-32) have been designed and synthesized. These compounds were screened for anticancer and antimicrobial activity. Further the computational docking and 2D QSAR were performed using MOE software to identify novel scaffolds. The results showed that compound 29 and 30 exhibit significant cytotoxic effect on all four cancer cells such as lung (A549), colon (HT-29), breast (MCF-7) and melanoma (A375) with IC50 values of 2.56, 2.19, 1.89, 4.89 µM and 3.57, 2.90, 2.10, 5.81 µM respectively. Whereas quite different results were observed for these compounds in antimicrobial studies. Compounds 11, 21 and 26 have exhibited significant minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The docking studies demonstrate that compound 27, 28, 29 and 30 have good dock score and binding affinities with various therapeutic targets in cancer cell proliferation. In addition these compounds have shown acceptable correlation with bioassay results in the regression plots generated in 2D QSAR models. This is the first report to demonstrate the theophylline containing acetylene derivatives and theophylline containing 1,2,3-triazole nucleoside hybrids as potential anticancer and antimicrobial agents with comprehensive in silico analysis.