ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to develop and evaluate protein-G-based lateral flow assay (LFA) for rapid serodiagnosis of brucellosis in various domesticated animal species. The assay diagnostic performance was tested with 144 reference and 356 field sera samples and then compared with other serological assays. Results revealed that LFA showed 89% and 99% sensitivity and specificity, respectively, when compared with competitive ELISA as the gold standard. This study demonstrated LFA alone as a potential serodiagnostic assay for rapid serodiagnosis of brucellosis in various domesticated animal species.
Subject(s)
Brucellosis/immunology , Nerve Tissue Proteins/immunology , Animals , Brucellosis/blood , Buffaloes , Cattle , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Goats , Nerve Tissue Proteins/blood , Sheep , SwineABSTRACT
The 3A region of foot-and-mouth disease virus has been implicated in host range and virulence. For example, amino acid deletions in the porcinophilic strain (O/TAW/97) at 93-102aa of the 153 codons long 3A protein have been recognized as the determinant of species specificity. In the present study, 18 type O FMDV isolates from India were adapted in different cell culture systems and the 3A sequence was analyzed. These isolates had complete 3A coding sequence (153aa) and did not exhibit growth restriction in cells based on species of origin. The 3A region was found to be highly conserved at N-terminal half (1-75aa) but exhibited variability or substitutions towards C-terminal region (80-153). Moreover the amino acid substitutions were more frequent in recent Indian buffalo isolates but none of the Indian isolates showed deletion in 3A protein, which may be the reason for the absence of host specificity in vitro. Further inclusive analysis of 3A region will reveal interesting facts about the variability of FMD virus 3A region in an endemic environment.
Subject(s)
Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus/genetics , Foot-and-Mouth Disease/virology , Host-Parasite Interactions , Amino Acid Sequence , Animals , Base Sequence , Buffaloes , Cattle , DNA, Viral/analysis , Foot-and-Mouth Disease/epidemiology , Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus/classification , Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus/isolation & purification , India , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , Sequence Alignment , Sequence Analysis, DNA , SwineABSTRACT
Indian buffalo and cattle were infected experimentally with a serotype O strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus of buffalo origin. Whereas intradermolingual inoculation of buffalo produced largely sub-clinical infection, inoculation in the dental pad produced vesicles in the mouth and on the feet. A buffalo infected via the dental pad transmitted infection to cattle and buffalo by direct contact with them for 24h. The contact-exposed buffalo developed (1) delayed-onset clinical signs, and (2) shedding of virus from the nose, commencing before the appearance of vesicles and continuing until the experiment was terminated 10 weeks after exposure. The covert nature of the disease in Indian buffalo, coupled with the prolonged shedding of virus, suggests that this species represents a host of epidemiological importance.
