Collaborative health service planning: A stakeholder analysis with social network analysis to develop a community pharmacy service.

BACKGROUND: Stakeholder participation optimizes health planning, fostering the acceptability and integration of new health services. Collaborative approaches may help overcome existing challenges in the development, implementation and evaluation of community pharmacy services (CPSs). Stakeholder analyses lay the foundation for building collaboration in the integrated delivery of health care. OBJECTIVES: This stakeholder analysis was performed to organize a collaborative initiative to develop a CPS aimed at preventing cardiovascular diseases in Andalucía (Spain). It aimed to identify stakeholders, differentiate/categorize them, and analyze stakeholder relationships. METHOD: Stakeholders were identified using the snowballing technique. To differentiate/categorize stakeholders and analyze the relationships (i.e., collaboration) an online web-based questionnaire was sent to 186 stakeholders. Stakeholders were asked for: (1) their influence, interest and attitude toward the initiative; (2) stakes/interests; (3) capacity to contribute to the initiative; (4) desire for involvement; (5) concerns; (6) whom they considered a key stakeholder; and (7) the level of collaboration they had with other stakeholders. Data analysis combined descriptive qualitative content analysis, descriptive quantitative analysis and social network analysis. RESULTS: Of the 186 stakeholders approached, 96 (51.6%) participated. The identification process yielded 217 stakeholders (individuals, organizations or collectives), classified into 10 groups. Fifty-seven stakeholders were considered critical to the intended initiative. Most participant stakeholders supported the initiative and were willing to collaborate in the development of the CPS. Public health and science were the main driving interests. A collaboration network existed between the 96 stakeholders. CONCLUSION: This study revealed the magnitude of the social system surrounding the development of a CPS aimed at preventing cardiovascular disease. A large array of stakeholders was identified and analyzed, and a group of critical stakeholders selected. Stakeholder characteristics such as attitude toward the initiative, potential contribution, desire for involvement, and the existing collaboration network, provided complementary information that was helpful for planning the process and stakeholder engagement.

Social exclusion of the adolescent with overweight: study of sociocentric social networks in the classroom.

BACKGROUND: Multiple studies have shown the social consequences of suffering overweight, with social exclusion or isolation as some of the most important. In order to study the social patterns among adolescents, we have set as objectives to analyse the position of the individual within their network from a sociocentric perspective, comparing the relational pattern of the adolescents suffering from overweight with those who are normal weight. METHOD: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study using logistic regression and social network analysis. We analysed the contact patterns of 235 adolescents in 11 social networks, classifying contact into three levels of intensity: minimum, intermediate and maximum (friendship). The WHO reference was used for the variable of overweight. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight was 30.2% (25.5% overweight and 4.7% obesity). An analysis of the relational patterns of individuals with overweight showed that at the minimum contact level, they established fewer relationships and less closeness (odds ratio [OR]: 2.32; confidence interval [CI] 95%: 1.17-4.66; p-value: 0.016). This effect was more marked in female adolescents. At intermediate contact level, they had few relationships and low prestige (OR: 3.29; CI: 95%; 1.03-10.51; p-value: 0.045, OR: 3.18; CI: 95%; 1.00-10.04; p-value: 0.049, respectively). At maximum contact level (friendship), female adolescents related little with other adolescents (OR: 3.78; CI: 95%; 1.07-13.32; p-value: 0.038). CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents with overweight take up peripheral positions within their social network, choosing by themselves not to establish contact with others. Social network analysis is crucial to detect adolescents with overweight at risk of exclusion and help alleviate psychological and social deficits.

Las relaciones informales: un valor añadido en la gestión de personas / Informal relationships: an added value in human management

Las organizaciones sanitarias son consideradas por los expertos como una de las más complejas a nivel de gestión y política de personas. El hecho responde a la intensidad de las emociones vividas en el día a día tanto con el paciente como con los colegas. Las experiencias vividas donde se combinan alegrías, tristezas y momentos estresantes generan en muchas organizaciones sanitarias un clima laboral inadecuado que repercute negativamente en el rendimiento de las organizaciones de salud. Este artículo pretende justificar teóricamente, la importancia de las relaciones sociales o informales que se establecen entre los trabajadores y cómo éstos pueden tejer un entramado por el que fluyan conocimiento, creatividad y valores que provoquen una cultura organizativa capaz de aumentar el rendimiento de la empresa sanitaria (AU)

Health organizations are considered by experts how one of the most complexity about management and resources of human. The reason is a lot of strenght emotions lived every day so much with patients so with peers. Lived experiences, where they are linked (combined), joy(felicity), sorrow and stress situations, can be the cause of wrong (bad) climate and so to impact (shaping) on the future performance of the health organizations. The objective of this paper is to argue the value of social relationship o informal relationship among workers and how those can knith (draw) a structure by the which, flow knowledge, creativity and values. Secondary to this, the organisationally culture is able to improve the performance of health enterprise (AU)