Dysfunctional hippocampal-prefrontal network underlies a multidimensional neuropsychiatric phenotype following early-life seizure.

Brain disturbances during development can have a lasting impact on neural function and behavior. Seizures during this critical period are linked to significant long-term consequences such as neurodevelopmental disorders, cognitive impairments, and psychiatric symptoms, resulting in a complex spectrum of multimorbidity. The hippocampus-prefrontal cortex (HPC-PFC) circuit emerges as a potential common link between such disorders. However, the mechanisms underlying these outcomes and how they relate to specific behavioral alterations are unclear. We hypothesized that specific dysfunctions of hippocampal-cortical communication due to early-life seizure would be associated with distinct behavioral alterations observed in adulthood. Here, we performed a multilevel study to investigate behavioral, electrophysiological, histopathological, and neurochemical long-term consequences of early-life Status epilepticus in male rats. We show that adult animals submitted to early-life seizure (ELS) present working memory impairments and sensorimotor disturbances, such as hyperlocomotion, poor sensorimotor gating, and sensitivity to psychostimulants despite not exhibiting neuronal loss. Surprisingly, cognitive deficits were linked to an aberrant increase in the HPC-PFC long-term potentiation (LTP) in a U-shaped manner, while sensorimotor alterations were associated with heightened neuroinflammation, as verified by glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression, and altered dopamine neurotransmission. Furthermore, ELS rats displayed impaired HPC-PFC theta-gamma coordination and an abnormal brain state during active behavior resembling rapid eye movement (REM) sleep oscillatory dynamics. Our results point to impaired HPC-PFC functional connectivity as a possible pathophysiological mechanism by which ELS can cause cognitive deficits and psychiatric-like manifestations even without neuronal loss, bearing translational implications for understanding the spectrum of multidimensional developmental disorders linked to early-life seizures.

Multidimensional behavioral profiles associated with resilience and susceptibility after inescapable stress.

Clinical depression is characterized by multiple concurrent symptoms, manifesting as a complex heterogeneous condition. Although some well-established classical behavioral assessments are widespread in rodent models, it remains uncertain whether rats also display stress-induced depression-related phenotypes in a multidimensional manner, i.e., simultaneous alterations in multiple behavioral tests. Here, we investigated multivariate patterns and profiles of depression-related behavioral traits in male Wistar rats subjected to inescapable footshocks (IS) or no-shocks (NS), followed by a comprehensive battery of behavioral tests and ethological characterization. We observed generalized stronger intra-test but weaker inter-test correlations. However, feature clustering of behavioral measures successfully delineated variables linked to resilience and susceptibility to stress. Accordingly, a noteworthy covariation pattern emerged, characterized by increased open field locomotion, reduced time in the elevated plus maze open arms, lower sucrose preference, and increased shuttle box escape failures that consistently differentiated IS from NS. Surprisingly there is little contribution from forced swim. In addition, individual clustering revealed a diversity of behavioral profiles, naturally separating NS and IS, including subpopulations entirely characterized by resilience or susceptibility. In conclusion, our study elucidates intricate relationships among classical depression-related behavioral measures, highlighting multidimensional individual variability. Our work emphasizes the importance of a multivariate framework for behavioral assessment in animal models to understand stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders.

Comparative cypsela morphology in Campuloclinium DC. and contributions to Eupatorieae tribe (Asteraceae) systematics.

Cypselae anatomical studies have helped to understand the evolution and classification of some groups within Asteraceae. In Eupatorieae, there are many uncertainties about the Campuloclinium circumscription. There are currently two classifications for the genus, and still no consensus for their delimitation. Since structural studies have contributed to the delimitation of groups in Asteraceae, we studied the cypselae of Campuloclinium, searching how the pericarpial taxonomic features could enlighten the genus classification. We studied the fruits of eleven species of this genus through morphological and anatomical observation. Our results showed relevant features to the classification of Campuloclinium and its closely related groups. The stipitate cypsela together with other diagnostic characters are relevant to delimitation of this genus within of Eupatorieae. The trichomes present in cypselae have taxonomic proved to be a possible diagnostic character for the genus, and the six-celled trichomes are essential to distinguish C. campuloclinioides and C. hirsutum. The combination of phylogenetic and structural studies may lead to future research on the delimitation of Campuloclinium and its clades and understand how the stipitate cypselae and the phytomelanin layer evolve in Eupatorieae.

Prediction of Learned Resistance or Helplessness by Hippocampal-Prefrontal Cortical Network Activity during Stress.

The perception of control over a stressful experience may determine its impacts and generate resistance against future stressors. Although the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the hippocampus (HPC) are implicated in the encoding of stressor controllability, the neural dynamics underlying this process are unknown. Here, we recorded HPC and PFC neural activities in male rats during the exposure to controllable, uncontrollable, or no shocks and investigated electrophysiological predictors of escape performance upon exposure to subsequent uncontrollable shocks. We were able to accurately discriminate stressed from nonstressed animals and predict resistant (R) or helpless (H) individuals based on hippocampal-cortical oscillatory dynamics. Remarkably, R animals exhibited an increase in theta power during CS, while H exhibited a decrease. Furthermore, R exhibited higher HPC to PFC θ synchronization during stress. Notably, HPC-PFC θ connectivity in the initial stress exposure showed strong correlations with escape performance evaluated days later. R rats also showed stronger θ coupling to both γ oscillations and neuronal firing in the PFC. Finally, we found that these distinct features of network dynamics collectively formed a pattern that accurately predicted learned resistance and was lacking in H individuals. Our findings suggest that hippocampal-prefrontal network θ activity supports cognitive mechanisms of stress coping, whose impairment may underlie vulnerability to stress-related disorders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The appraisal of adversities as controllable or uncontrollable is key in determining resilience or risk for stress-related disorders. Here, we performed the first electrophysiological investigation during controllable or uncontrollable stress. Pharmacological studies showed that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the hippocampus (HPC) encode stressor controllability, and here we identified the neural activity underlying this process. This "neural signature of stressor controllability" accurately predicted resistance to future stressors and was characterized by increased HPC-PFC oscillatory activity in the θ frequency (4-10 Hz). Our findings suggest a new role of frontal θ oscillations in adaptive stress coping, integrating its emotional and cognitive functions. We also endorse the potential of this biomarker to guide neurophysiologically-informed and rhythm-based stimulation therapies for depression.

Neuromodulation of Hippocampal-Prefrontal Cortical Synaptic Plasticity and Functional Connectivity: Implications for Neuropsychiatric Disorders.

The hippocampus-prefrontal cortex (HPC-PFC) pathway plays a fundamental role in executive and emotional functions. Neurophysiological studies have begun to unveil the dynamics of HPC-PFC interaction in both immediate demands and long-term adaptations. Disruptions in HPC-PFC functional connectivity can contribute to neuropsychiatric symptoms observed in mental illnesses and neurological conditions, such as schizophrenia, depression, anxiety disorders, and Alzheimer's disease. Given the role in functional and dysfunctional physiology, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms that modulate the dynamics of HPC-PFC communication. Two of the main mechanisms that regulate HPC-PFC interactions are synaptic plasticity and modulatory neurotransmission. Synaptic plasticity can be investigated inducing long-term potentiation or long-term depression, while spontaneous functional connectivity can be inferred by statistical dependencies between the local field potentials of both regions. In turn, several neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin, noradrenaline, and endocannabinoids, can regulate the fine-tuning of HPC-PFC connectivity. Despite experimental evidence, the effects of neuromodulation on HPC-PFC neuronal dynamics from cellular to behavioral levels are not fully understood. The current literature lacks a review that focuses on the main neurotransmitter interactions with HPC-PFC activity. Here we reviewed studies showing the effects of the main neurotransmitter systems in long- and short-term HPC-PFC synaptic plasticity. We also looked for the neuromodulatory effects on HPC-PFC oscillatory coordination. Finally, we review the implications of HPC-PFC disruption in synaptic plasticity and functional connectivity on cognition and neuropsychiatric disorders. The comprehensive overview of these impairments could help better understand the role of neuromodulation in HPC-PFC communication and generate insights into the etiology and physiopathology of clinical conditions.

A new report of phytomelanin in cypselae of Vernonieae: the case of the type species of Lychnophora Mart.

Phytomelanin is a mechanically hard, blackish, and inert substance rarely found in plants. In Asteraceae, this substance was historically associated with the Heliantheae alliance, but recent studies have observed it in unrelated groups as Heterocoma and Wunderlichia. During a taxonomic investigation, we found phytomelanin in cypselae of Lychnophora salicifolia an unusual feature in Vernonieae previously found only in Heterocoma. Furthermore, phytomelanin fills the intercellular spaces of the sclerenchymatic outer mesocarp in L. salicifolia. Our results doubt the (syn)apomorphy status in Heterocoma, suggest the phytomelanin may have not the same evolutionary significance in Lychnophorinae as in other tribes and proposes new perspectives for evolutionary studies in Asteraceae.

A list of land plants of Parque Nacional do Caparaó, Brazil, highlights the presence of sampling gaps within this protected area.

BACKGROUND: Brazilian protected areas are essential for plant conservation in the Atlantic Forest domain, one of the 36 global biodiversity hotspots. A major challenge for improving conservation actions is to know the plant richness, protected by these areas. Online databases offer an accessible way to build plant species lists and to provide relevant information about biodiversity. A list of land plants of "Parque Nacional do Caparaó" (PNC) was previously built using online databases and published on the website "Catálogo de Plantas das Unidades de Conservação do Brasil." Here, we provide and discuss additional information about plant species richness, endemism and conservation in the PNC that could not be included in the List. We documented 1,791 species of land plants as occurring in PNC, of which 63 are cited as threatened (CR, EN or VU) by the Brazilian National Red List, seven as data deficient (DD) and five as priorities for conservation. Fifity-one species were possible new ocurrences for ES and MG states. NEW INFORMATION: "Parque Nacional do Caparaó" houses 8% of the land plant species endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, including 6% of its angiosperms, 31% of its lycophytes and ferns and 14% of its avascular plants. Twelve percent of the threatened species listed for the State of Espírito Santo and 7% listed for the State of Minas Gerais are also protected by PNC. Surprisingly, 79% of the collections analysed here were carried out in Minas Gerais, which represents just 21% of the total extension of the Park. The compiled data uncover a huge botanical collection gap in this federally-protected area.

Interaction between hippocampal-prefrontal plasticity and thalamic-prefrontal activity.

The prefrontal cortex integrates a variety of cognition-related inputs, either unidirectional, e.g., from the hippocampal formation, or bidirectional, e.g., with the limbic thalamus. While the former is usually implicated in synaptic plasticity, the latter is better known for regulating ongoing activity. Interactions between these processes via prefrontal neurons are possibly important for linking mnemonic and executive functions. Our work further elucidates such dynamics using in vivo electrophysiology in rats. First, we report that electrical pulses into CA1/subiculum trigger late-onset (>400 ms) firing responses in the medial prefrontal cortex, which are increased after induction of long-term potentiation. Then, we show these responses to be attenuated by optogenetic control of the paraventricular/mediodorsal thalamic area. This suggests that recruitment and plasticity of the hippocampal-prefrontal pathway is partially related to the thalamic-prefrontal loop. When dysfunctional, this interaction may contribute to cognitive deficits, psychotic symptoms, and seizure generalization, which should motivate future studies combining behavioural paradigms and long-range circuit assessment.

Effects of nandrolone decanoate on time to consolidation of bone defects resulting from osteotomy for tibial tuberosity advancement.

STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nandrolone decanoate (ND) on the time taken for bone consolidation in dogs undergoing tibial tuberosity advancement surgery (TTA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventeen dogs that underwent TTA surgery were randomly divided into two groups: group C (TTA; 9 stifles), and group TTA+ND (TTA and systemic administration of ND; 8 stifles). Three observers (two radiologists and an orthopaedic surgeon), assessed bone consolidation by visual inspection of serial radiographs at intervals of 21 days following surgery. RESULTS: There were no differences in median weight and age between groups, nor between the medians of the variables right and left stifle. Only weight and age values were normally distributed. The other variables, right and left stifle and time to consolidation, showed non-normal distribution. Meniscal injury was present in all animals in group C and all animals in group TTA+ND. There was a significant difference between time to consolidation in groups C and TTA+ND (p <0.05). One animal in the group TTA+ND showed increased libido. Kappa agreement among observers on radiographs was 0.87. CONCLUSION: Administration of ND reduces time to bone consolidation in dogs undergoing TTA.

Production and chemical composition of hybrid Brachiaria cv. Mulato II under a system of cuts and nitrogen fertilization / Produção e composição bromatológica da Brachiaria híbrida cv. Mulato II sob regime de cortes e adubação nitrogenada

The production capacity of green and dry mass of the entire plant, efficiency of N conversion, apparent N recovery and the chemical composition of cultivar Mulato II was evaluated under a system of cuts and nitrogen doses. The assay, conducted in the municipality of Goiânia, GO, Brazil, had a totally randomized 2 x 4 factorial design (2 height cuts, 0.40 and 0.50 m and 4 nitrogen doses), with three replications and subdivided subplots. Treatments comprised four N doses (0, 50, 100 and 150 kgha-1 N, with urea as nitrogen source). There was no significant interaction (p>0.05) between N doses and cut heights for the variables productivity of green (PGM) and dry (PDM) mass, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and apparent N recovery (ANR), which were neither affected (p<0.05) by N doses nor by evaluated cut heights. Average productivity reached 59,450 kgha-1 (PGV) and 10,367 kgha-1 (PDM) and it was produced an average of 19.62 kg of DM per kg of N, with a mean 56.00% recovery. N doses and cut heights did not affect (p>0.05) DM rates of the plant, whilst mean dry matter rate was 17.49%. CP rates were affected (p<0.05) by N doses (0, 50, 100 and 150 kgha-1) and cut heights (0.40 and 0.50 m) and by the interaction of these factors. CP rates of the entire plant hybrid Brachiaria cv. Mulato II increased (p<0.05) due to N doses through an increasing linear relationship. Since there was a significant effect (p<0.05) with regard to cut height and CP rates decreased with height increase. NDF rates were significantly influenced by N doses (p<0.05) and by cut heights (p<0.05), with significance for the interaction (p<0.05) of over 100 kgha-1 N doses only. No significant interaction (p>0.05) occurred in ADF rates among the variables analyzed. ADF contents were influenced by N supply (p<0.05) with decreasing quadratic regression as N doses increased.

O presente trabalho de pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial produtivo de massa verde e seca da planta inteira, a eficiência de conversão do N, a recuperação aparente do N, bem como a composição bromatológica do cultivar Mulato II, sob regime de cortes e submetido a doses de nitrogênio, no município de Goiânia, GO, Brasil. Utilizou-se um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com arranjo fatorial 2 X 4 (2 alturas de corte (0,40 e 0,50 m) X 4 doses de nitrogênio) com três repetições e parcelas subdivididas. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por quatro doses de N (0, 50, 100 e 150 kgha-1 de N) (sendo a fonte ureia). Não ocorreu interação significativa (p>0,05) entre doses de N e alturas de corte para as variáveis produtividades de massa verde (PMV) e massa seca (PMS), eficiência de conversão aparente de nitrogênio (ECAN) e recuperação aparente de nitrogênio (RAN), que não foram influenciadas (p<0,05) pelas doses de N, nem em função das alturas de corte avaliadas. A média de produtividade encontrada foi de 59.450 kgha-1 (PMV) e 10.367 kgha-1 (PMS), produzindo em média 19,62 kg de MS para cada kg de N aplicado, com uma recuperação média de 56,00%. As doses de N aplicadas e as alturas de corte não influenciaram (p>0,05) os teores de MS da planta. A média do teor de matéria seca encontrada foi de 17,49%. Os teores de PB foram influenciados (p<0,05) pelas doses de N (0, 50, 100 e 150 kgha-1) e alturas de corte (0,40 e 0,50 m) bem como a interação desses fatores. Os teores de proteína bruta (PB) da planta inteira Brachiaria híbrida cv. Mulato II aumentaram (p<0,05) em função das doses de N, apresentando uma relação linear crescente. Quanto à altura de corte, ocorreu também efeito significativo (p<0,05), evidenciando que os teores de PB diminuíram com o aumento da altura. Os teores de FDN foram influenciados significativamente pelas doses de N (p<0,05) e pelas alturas de corte (p<0,05), apresentando significância para a interação (p<0,05) apenas nas doses acima de 100 kgha-1 de N. Para os teores de FDA não houve interação significativa (p>0,05) entre as variáveis analisadas. O conteúdo de FDA foi influenciado pelo fornecimento de N (p<0,05), apresentando regressão quadrática decrescente com o aumento das doses de N.

Utilização de pericárdio bovino conservado em glicerina 98% na herniorrafia perineal em cães - relato de 12 casos / Use of bovine pericardium preserved in 98% glycerine in perineal herniorrhaphy in dogs - 12 case studies / Utilización de pericardio bovino conservado en glicerina 98% en la reparación de hernia perineal en perros - relato de 12 casos

A hérnia perineal é uma afecção de alta ocorrência na clínica de pequenos animais. A doença ocorre com maior frequência em cães machos, idosos e não castrados. A etiopatogenia é multifatorial e leva à atrofia da musculatura do diafragma pélvico. Os sinais clínicos dependem muito do conteúdo herniário. O diagnóstico é realizado pelo exame físico e exames complementares. O tratamento clínico é utilizado até o animal ter condição para realização do procedimento cirúrgico que é o de eleição. Várias técnicas cirúrgicas têm sido estudadas para diminuir os índices de recidiva. A utilização de membranas biológicas pode ser usada causando sustentação do diafragma pélvico atrofiado. O pericárdio bovino preservado é muito utilizado para falhas musculares e melhorar a sustentação de tecidos. Vários métodos de preservação de membranas têm sidos utilizados, com grande destaque para glicerina 98%. Foram avaliados 12 cães machos com hérnia perineal, na qual foi utilizado o pericárdio bovino conservado em glicerina 98% associado à técnica tradicional para a herniorrafia e orquiectomia pré-escrotal. Os cães sem raça definida foram os mais acometidos. Em cinco animais foram acometidos ambos os lados do diafragma pélvico. Somente um animal apresentou recidiva. O pericárdio bovino conservado em glicerina 98% possibilitou baixos índices de recidiva nos casos descritos.

A perineal hernia is a condition of high occurrence in small animal clinics. The disease occurs more frequently in male, elderly and unneutered dogs. The pathogenesis is multifactorial, which leads to atrophy of the muscles of the pelvic diaphragm. Clinical signs depend much of the hernia contents. The diagnosis is made by physical examination and complementary tests. Clinical treatment is used until the animal presents condition for the surgical procedure, which is the election. Several surgical techniques have been studied to reduce the relapse rates. Biological membranes can be used to support the stunted pelvic diaphragm. The preserved bovine pericardium is widely used for muscle failure and to improve tissue support. Various membrane preservation methods have been used, with emphasis to 98% glycerin. A total of 12 male dogs with perineal hernia, in which the bovine pericardium preserved in 98% glycerin associated with the traditional technique of hernia repair and pre scrotal orchiectomy were evaluated. The mongrel dogs were the most affected. In five animals, both side of the pelvic diaphragm were affected. Only one animal had recurrence. The bovine pericardium preserved in 98% glycerin allowed low recurrence rates in the cases described.

La hernia perineal es una afección de alta ocurrencia en clínica de animales pequeños. La enfermedad se presenta con mayor frecuencia en perros machos, de edad avanzada y no castrados. La patogénesis es multifactorial que conduce a la atrofia de los músculos del diafragma pélvico. Los signos clínicos dependen mucho del contenido de la hernia. El diagnóstico se realiza por exámenes físico y exámenes complementares. El tratamiento clínico es utilizado hasta el animal tener condiciones para realización de procedimiento quirúrgico, que es de elección. Varias técnicas quirúrgicas han sido estudiadas para disminuir las tasas de recurrencia. El uso de membranas biológicas puede ser utilizado, causando apoyo del diafragma pélvico atrofiado. El pericardio bovino conservado es ampliamente utilizado para el fallo muscular y mejorar los tejidos de soporte. Varios métodos de preservación de membranas han sido utilizados, con gran énfasis para glicerina 98%. Se evaluaron 12 perros machos con hernia perineal, en los que se utilizó el pericardio bovino conservado en glicerina 98% asociada con la técnica tradicional para reparación de la hernia perineal y orquiectomía pre escrotal. Los perros sin raza definida fueron los más afectados. En cinco animales fueron afectados ambos los lados del diafragma pélvico. Sólo un animal había recaído. El pericardio bovino conservado en glicerina 98% posibilitó bajas tasas de recurrencia en los casos descritos.

Cardiorespiratory, sedative and antinociceptive effects of dexmedetomidine alone or in combination with methadone, morphine or tramadol in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cardiorespiratory, sedative and antinociceptive effects of dexmedetomidine alone or in combination with methadone, morphine or tramadol in dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental, blinded, randomized, crossover study. ANIMALS: Six mixed breed dogs (two males and four females) weighing 10 ± 4 kg. METHODS: The animals were randomly divided into four treatments: D (10 µg kg(-1) of dexmedetomidine), DM (dexmedetomidine 10 µg kg(-1) and methadone 0.5 mg kg(-1)); DMO (dexmedetomidine 10 µg kg(-1) and morphine 0.5 mg kg(-1)), and DT (dexmedetomidine 10 µg kg(-1) and tramadol 2 mg kg(-1)). The combinations were administered intramuscularly in all treatments. The variables evaluated were heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (f(R)), rectal temperature (RT), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), sedation scale and pedal withdrawal reflex. These variables were measured at T0 (immediately before the administration of the protocol) and every 15 minutes thereafter until T105. RESULTS: A decrease in HR and f(R) occurred in all the treatments compared with T0, but no significant difference was observed between the treatments. The RT decreased from T45 onward in all the treatments. The SAP did not show a difference between the treatments, but in the DT treatment, the SAP was lower at T30 and T45 compared with T0. The D treatment had lower scores of sedation at T15 to T75 compared with the other treatments, and the DMO and DM treatments showed higher scores at T60 and T75 compared with DT. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The treatments with morphine and methadone added to the dexmedetomidine showed higher sedation scores than the control treatment and the treatment with tramadol added to the dexmedetomidine showed no relevant differences in any of the variables evaluated in the study.

Frequência de anticorpos anti-Leptospira spp. Em cães atendidos no hospital veterinário da Universidade Estadual Do Norte Do Paraná - UENP / Frequency of antibodies anti- Leptospira spp. In dogs treated at the veterinary hospital of Northern Paraná State University - UENP / Frecuencia de anticuerpos anti- Leptospira spp. En perros tratados en el hospital veterinario de la Universidad Estadual Del Norte De Paraná - UENP

A leptospirose é uma enfermidade bacteriana causada por espécies patogênicas do gênero Leptospira. Os roedores são considerados como principal reservatório, mas o cão, assim como outros animais domésticos, pode desenvolver a doença e se tornar carreadores assintomáticos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi conhecer a frequência de aglutininas anti-Leptospira spp. em cães atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná (UENP), no município de Bandeirantes-Paraná. Foram testados, pela prova de soroaglutinação microscópica (SAM), 70 cães adultos assintomáticos para leptospirose, 27 machos e 43 fêmeas, de diferentes raças e idades. A frequência de animais positivos foi de 26,47%, 33,33% dos machos e 25,58% das fêmeas. Os sorovares Canicola (33,33%) e Autumnalis (27,78%) foram os mais frequentes, seguidos pelo Icterohaemorrhagiae (11%) e Grippotyphosa (11%). Conclui-se que a bactéria Leptospira está circulante em animais assintomáticos, podendo dispersar a doença para outros animais e inclusive para o homem...

Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease caused by pathogenic species of Leptospira. Rodents are considered the main reservoir, but dogs and other domestic animals may develop the disease and become asymptomatic carriers. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of anti-Leptospira spp. agglutinins in dogs examined at the Veterinary Hospital of the Northern Paraná State University in Bandeirantes, Paraná, Brazil. A total of 70 asymptomatic adult dogs (27 male and 43 female), of different breeds and ages, were tested for leptospirosis by microscopic agglutination test. The frequency of positive animals was 26.47%, with 33.33% males and 25.58% females. Canicola (33.33%) and Autumnalis (27.78%) were the most frequent serovars, followed by Icterohaemorrhagiae (11%) and Grippotyphosa (11%). The authors concluded that the Leptospira bacterium is circulating in asymptomatic animals and can spread the disease to other animals and even to human beings...

La leptospirosis es una enfermedad bacteriana causada por especies patógenas del género Leptospira. Los roedores son considerados como reservorio principal, pero en el perro, así como otros animales domésticos, la enfermedad puede desarrollarse y convertirse en portadores asintomáticos. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido determinar la frecuencia de aglutininas anti-Leptospira spp. en perros atendidos en el Hospital Veterinario de la Universidad Estadual del Norte de Paraná (UENP), en el municipio de Bandeirantes-Paraná. Se realizó la prueba de suero aglutinación microscópica (SAM), en 70 perros adultos asintomáticos para leptospirosis, 27 machos y 43 hembras, de diferentes razas y edades. La frecuencia de animales positivos fue de 26,47%, 33,33% machos y 25,58% hembras. Los serovares Canicola (33,33%) y Autumnalis (27.78%) fueron los más frecuentes, seguidos por Icterohaemorrhagiae (11%) y Grippotyphosa (11%). Llegamos a la conclusión de que la bacteria Leptospira está circulante en animales asintomáticos, pudiendo dispersar la enfermedad a otros animales e incluso a los seres humanos...

Principais osteotomias para o tratamento da ruptura do ligamento cruzado cranial em cães - revisão de literatura / Main osteotomies for treating rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament in dogs - a literature review / Principales osteotomías para el tratamiento de ruptura del ligamento cruzado craneal en perros - revisíon de literatura

A ruptura do ligamento cruzado cranial é a principal causa de claudicação do membro pélvico em cães. A causa da ruptura é multifatorial como processo degenerativo, inflamatório e traumático. Acomete principalmente cães de grande porte, não havendo predisposição sexual. O principal sinal clínico é a claudicação. Os testes de compressão tibial e de gaveta são realizados para o diagnóstico, associados à anamnese. As radiografias são importantes para avaliação do platô tibial e o diagnóstico de doença articular degenerativa. Muitas técnicas cirúrgicas podem ser utilizadas para o tratamento. Atualmente as osteotomias são as mais aceitas, devido a conformação anatômica do joelho canino. O objetivo desse trabalho é descrever as principais osteotomias para o tratamento da ruptura do ligamento cruzado cranial em cães, relacionando as indicações e complicações de cada técnica. Conclui-se que existem várias técnicas de osteotomias para o tratamento da ruptura do ligamento cruzado cranial, cada uma com suas indicações e complicações. Sendo de grande importância a medida do ângulo do platô tibial para a escolha da técnica a ser utilizada...

The cranial cruciate ligament is the main cause of lameness in the pelvic limb in dogs. Rupture causes are multifactorial, such as degenerative, inflammatory and traumatic processes. It mainly affects large dogs with no gender predisposition. The main clinical sign is lameness. Tibial compression and tray tests are performed for diagnosis, together with anamnesis. Radiographs are also important for assessing the tibial plateau and the diagnosis of degenerative joint disease. Many surgical techniques can be used for treatment. Osteotomies are currently the most accepted ones, due to the anatomical conformation of the canine knee. The aim of this paper is to describe the main osteotomy for treating cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs, stating the indications and complications of each technique. It can be concluded that there are several osteotomy techniques for the treatment of cranial cruciate ligament, each of them with their own indications and complications. It is, therefore, very important to measure the tibial plateau angle for the correct choice of techniques...

La ruptura del ligamento cruzado craneal es la principal causa de claudicación del miembro pélvico en perros. La causa de la ruptura es multifactorial como proceso degenerativo, inflamatorio y traumático. Afecta principalmente perros grandes, no ocurriendo predisposición sexual. La principal señal clínica es la claudicación. Las pruebas de compresión tibial y la bandeja tibial se llevan a cabo para el diagnóstico, asociados a la anamnesis. Las radiografías son importantes para evaluación de la meseta tibial y el diagnóstico de la enfermedad degenerativa de las articulaciones. Muchas técnicas quirúrgicas pueden ser utilizadas para el tratamiento. Actualmente las osteotomías son las más aceptadas, debido la conformación anatómica de la rodilla canina. El objetivo de esta investigación ha sido describir las principales osteotomías para el tratamiento de la rotura del ligamento cruzado craneal en perros, relacionando las indicaciones y complicaciones de cada técnica. Se concluye que hay varias técnicas de osteotomías para el tratamiento de la ruptura del ligamento cruzado craneal, cada uno con sus indicaciones y complicaciones. Es de gran importancia la medida del ángulo de la meseta tibial para la elección de la técnica a ser utilizada...

Estabilização da microcirculação após procedimento cirurgico em animal com peritonite / Stabilization microcirculation after surgical procediment in animal with peritonitis

A peritonite séptica é quando ocorre inflamação da cavidade peritoneal associado a um micro-organismo (D, AVILA, 2012). A detecção e correção da hipóxia tecidual são fundamentais para pacientes doentes, sendo o lactato de grande importância para a avaliação da microcirculação nesses pacientes (RENIKER et al., 2006). O objetivo desse trabalho é descrever um caso de um animal com peritonite séptica secundária a ruptura uterina por piometra e correção do valor microcirculatório após realização do procedimento cirúrgico.

Terapia multimodal para estabilização da pressão arterial em cão após hemorragia aguda / Multimodal therapy for stabilization the blood pressure in dog after acute hemorrhage

O choque pode ser definido como falência circulatória, que resulta em má perfusão tecidual. A forma mais frequente de apresentação clínica do choque é o hipovolêmico secundário à hemorragia, sendo o trauma sua principal causa (HIRANO et al., 2005). A pressão sistólica abaixo de 100 mmHg afeta vários órgãos, como os rins e intestino, levando a hipóxia tecidual (RODRIGUES et al., 1991). Esse trabalho relata a associação de colóide, solução cristalóide e solução hipertônica 7,5% para estabilização da pressão arterial após hemorragia catastrófica em cão.

Importância da monitorização da pressão arterial em animal com trauma crânio encefálico – relato de caso / Importance of monitoring blood pressure with head trauma – case report

A pressão intracraniana (PIC) determina a perfusão encefálica, pois a pressão de perfusão encefálica (PPE) é resultante do gradiente entre a pressão arterial média (PAM) e a PIC. Além disso, o fluxo sanguíneo encefálico é constante dentro de determinados valores (pressão média entre 50 e 150 mmHg), pois está sob controle do fenômeno de auto regulação vascular do encéfalo (GRAY & ROSNER, 1987). O objetivo desse trabalho é descrever um caso de um animal com trauma crânio encefálico e mostrar a importância da monitorização da pressão arterial.