Adaptation and validation of the EVENDOL scale to assess pain in neonates in Portuguese language.

BACKGROUND: EVENDOL scale (from the French Evaluation Enfant Douleur) is used to evaluate pain in children in any situation covering a wider age group than other pain scales (birth up to seven years). This study aimed to evaluate pain in hospitalized newborns, to adapt and validate the EVENDOL to Brazilian Portuguese. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional, cross-cultural adaptation and validation study in a convenience sample from a tertiary hospital, Brazil. EVENDOL was translated and tested for reliability and validity using the PIPP and NFCS scales for comparison. For reliability testing, two observers independently evaluated 117 nociceptive procedures from 87 newborns. Internal consistency coefficient Cronbach's alpha, internal class agreement coefficient, and Kappa factor were appropriately measured. RESULTS: The scale's internal consistency reached a value of 0.82, and the estimates of internal consistency and reliability also reached acceptable or very good values. Two-way ANOVA determined statistically significant effect of gestational age on the total score of the EVENDOL (F = 4.14; p = 0.045), younger infants had the lowest values, as lower values of Apgar-5° minute lowered the indicator "Interaction with the Environment" (F = 5.066; p = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS: EVENDOL proved to be an easily applied tool and it was psychometrically robust, reliable and valid for use with both premature and term hospitalized newborns, who were clinically stable, being Apgar score and gestational age relevant factors. It is a reliable method of identifying pain in babies who need more support from the hospital staff and now is available for use in Portuguese language. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: The EVENDOL pain scale is now validated for babies born at term and prematurely in Portuguese Language allowing its use in all Lusophone countries.

Comparison of motor and cognitive performance of children attending public and private day care centers.

BACKGROUND: Given that environmental factors, such as the school environment, can influence child development, more attention should be paid to the development of children attending day care centers. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there are differences in the gross motor, fine motor, or cognitive performances of children between 1 and 3 years-old of similar socioeconomic status attending public and private day care centers full time. METHOD: Participants were divided into 2 groups, 1 of children attending public day care centers (69 children) and another of children attending private day care centers (47 children). All children were healthy and regularly attended day care full time for over 4 months. To assess cognitive, gross and fine motor performance, the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development III was used. The Mann-Whitney test was used for comparative analyses between groups of children between 13 and 24 months, 25 and 41 months, and 13 and 41 months. RESULTS: Children in public day care centers exhibited lower scores on the cognitive development scale beginning at 13 months old. The fine and gross motor performance scores were lower in children over the age of 25 months attending public centers. Maternal education was not related to the performance of children in either group. CONCLUSION: The scores of cognitive performance as well as fine and gross motor performance of children of similar socioeconomic status who attend public day care centers are lower than children attending private daycare centers.

Comparison of motor and cognitive performance of children attending public and private day care centers / Comparacao do desempenho motor e cognitivo de criancas frequentadoras de creches publicas e particulares

BACKGROUND: Given that environmental factors, such as the school environment, can influence child development, more attention should be paid to the development of children attending day care centers. OBJECTIVE: Todetermine whether there are differences in the gross motor, fine motor, or cognitive performances of children between 1 and3 years-old of similar socioeconomic status attending public and private day care centers full time. METHOD: Participants were divided into 2 groups, 1 of children attending public day care centers (69 children) and another of children attending private day care centers (47 children). All children were healthy and regularly attended day care full time for over 4 months. To assess cognitive, gross and fine motor performance, the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development III was used. The Mann-Whitney test was used for comparative analyses between groups of children between 13 and 24 months, 25 and 41 months, and 13 and 41 months. RESULTS: Children in public day care centers exhibited lower scores on the cognitive development scale beginning at 13 months old. The fine and gross motor performance scores were lower in children over the age of 25 months attending public centers. Maternal education was not related to the performance of children in either group. CONCLUSION: The scores of cognitive performance as well as fine and gross motor performance of children of similar socioeconomic status who attend public day care centers are lower than children attending private daycare centers. .

CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: Considerando que fatores ambientais, tal como o ambiente escolar, podem influenciar o desenvolvimento infantil, maior atenção deve ser empregada ao desenvolvimento de crianças que frequentam creches. OBJETIVO: Verificar se há diferença no desempenho motor grosso, fino e desempenho cognitivo de crianças entre 1 e 3 anos, de mesma classificação socioeconômica, frequentadoras de creches públicas e particulares em período integral. MÉTODO: Os participantes foram divididos em dois grupos, um de creches públicas (69 crianças) e outro de creches particulares (47 crianças). Todas as crianças eram saudáveis e deveriam frequentar a creche em período integral há mais de quatro meses. Para avaliação do desempenho motor fino, grosso e desempenho cognitivo, foi utilizada a escala Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development - III. Para análise de comparação entre os grupos, foi realizado o teste de Mann-Whitney com crianças entre 13 e 24 meses, entre 25 e 41 meses e entre 13 e 41 meses. RESULTADOS: Crianças de creches públicas apresentaram menores escores quanto ao desenvolvimento cognitivo desde os 13 meses de vida. Os desempenhos motor fino e grosso, por sua vez, apresentaram menores escores nas crianças de escolas públicas com idade acima de 25 meses. A escolaridade materna não foi relacionada ao desempenho das crianças nos dois grupos CONCLUSÃO: O desempenho cognitivo, motor fino e grosso de crianças de mesma classe econômica, frequentadoras de creches públicas, apresentam piores performances quando comparadas às de creches particulares. .