Orientações em alimentação e nutrição para crianças e adolescentes com COVID-19 em isolamento domiciliar e após alta hospitalar / Série Nutricionistas em Ação com a Ciência / Guidelines on food and nutrition for children and adolescents with COVID-19 in home isolation and after hospital discharge / Nutritionists in Action with Science Series

Orientações em alimentação e nutrição para crianças e adolescentes com COVID-19 em isolamento domiciliar e após alta hospitalar, considerando que os cuidados com crianças e adolescentes em casa envolvem convivência harmoniosa na família, o distanciamento entre as pessoas, os cuidados com a casa, com a alimentação, cuidados estes que implicam em zelar para que a doença não comprometa o crescimento e desenvolvimento adequados deste grupo específico. Neste sentido, as orientações presentes no texto prestam sua contribuição com a saúde de crianças e adolescentes diagnosticados ou com suspeita de COVID-19

Guidelines on food and nutrition for children and adolescents with COVID-19 in home isolation and after hospital discharge, considering that care for children and adolescents at home involves harmonious coexistence in the family, the distance between people, care with the home, with food, care that implies ensuring that the disease does not compromise the proper growth and development of this specific group. In this sense, the guidelines present in the text contribute to the health of children and adolescents diagnosed or suspected of having COVID-19

Orientações para boas práticas em alimentação e nutrição hospitalar no enfrentamento da COVID-19 / Guidelines for good practices in hospital food and nutrition in coping with COVID-19

Baseado em informações oficiais já disponíveis, "Orientações para boas práticas em alimentação e nutrição hospitalar no enfrentamento da COVID-19" foi elaborado por um grupo de profissionais nutricionistas do Brasil, atuantes em diversas áreas (clínica, hospitalar, unidades de alimentação e nutrição, docência e pesquisa universitária, consultoria em gestão de qualidade e segurança de alimentos), com o objetivo de contribuir com as adaptações nos processos de trabalho de nutricionistas e gestores de unidades hospitalares. Apresenta orientações: quanto à higienização de ambientes e materiais específicos, quanto aos cuidados no transporte e distribuição de refeições, dicas também para profissionais de saúde que trabalham na área de isolamento, orientações para os pacientes hospitalizados e apresenta condutas de avaliação nutricional. O resultado do trabalho foi de reforçar a condutas adequadas e contribuir significativamente com a segurança alimentar e nutricional de pacientes e colaboradores

Based on official information already available, "Guidelines for good practices in food and hospital nutrition in coping with COVID-19" was prepared by a group of nutritionists from Brazil, working in several areas (clinic, hospital, food and nutrition units, teaching and university research, consultancy in quality management and food safety), in order to contribute to adaptations in the work processes of nutritionists and hospital unit managers. It presents guidelines: regarding the cleaning of specific environments and materials, regarding care in the transportation and distribution of meals, tips also for health professionals working in the isolation area, guidelines for hospitalized patients and presents nutritional assessment procedures. The result of the work was to reinforce adequate conduct and significantly contribute to the food and nutritional security of patients and employees

Orientações em alimentação e nutrição para adultos e idosos com COVID-19 em isolamento domiciliar e após alta hospitalar / Série Nutricionistas em Ação com a Ciência / Guidelines on food and nutrition for adults and the elderly with COVID-19 in home isolation and after hospital discharge / Nutritionists In Action Series with Science

Orientações em alimentação e nutrição para adultos e idosos com COVID-19 em isolamento domiciliar e após alta hospitalar, com suspeita ou diagnóstico do novo Coronavírus, também às pessoas que apresentam sintomas leves ou moderados e que não precisam ficar internadas em hospitais, direcionada também para os cuidadores e pessoas que convivem no mesmo ambiente e demais interessados no tema. Em uma linguagem acessível e usando ótimas ilustrações e tabelas, esclarece sobre os cuidados nutricionais e também sobre alguns alimentos e nutrientes importantes para a imunidade. Instrui como fazer em situações de falta de apetite, perda de paladar (Disgeusia), dificuldade para engolir (Disfagia), perda de olfato (Anosmia) e diarréia. Orienta sobre as compras dos alimentos, sobre os riscos de contaminação, tempo de validade e armazenagem na geladeira e freezer, bem como os cuidados no preparo dos mesmos. Apresenta instruções sobre a higienização das mãos com água e sabonete e como fazer a fricção anti-séptica das mãos com preparação alcoólicas, sobre o manuseio adequado na retirada do lixo e instruções para diluição da solução clorada para superfícies e para embalagens e alimentos. Por fim, apresenta sete passos para manter a alimentação saudável para adultos e idosos

Guidelines on food and nutrition for adults and the elderly with COVID-19 in home isolation and after hospital discharge, with suspicion or diagnosis of the new coronavirus, also those with mild or moderate symptoms and who do not need to be hospitalized, also directed to the caregivers and people who live in the same environment and others interested in the topic. In an accessible language and using great illustrations and tables, it clarifies about nutritional care and also about some foods and nutrients important for immunity. Instructs you how to do it in situations of poor appetite, loss of taste (dysgeusia), difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), loss of smell (anosmia) and diarrhea. It advises on food purchases, on the risks of contamination, expiration time and storage in the refrigerator and freezer, as well as care in preparing them. It presents instructions on hand hygiene with soap and water and how to rub hands with alcoholic preparations, on proper handling of waste removal and instructions for diluting the chlorinated solution to surfaces and to packaging and food. Finally, it presents seven steps to maintain healthy eating for adults and the elderly

Development of a HPLC/MS/MS methodology for determining 3-O-methyldopa in human plasma and its application in a bioequivalence study

A simple, sensitive and specific HPLC/MS/MS methodology was developed and it was validated for determining 3-O-methyldopa, the major metabolite of dopamine, in human plasma. The separation was achieved on Atlantis T3 C18 analytical column (5 μm; 150 x 4.6 mm i.d.) using a mobile phase consisted of a solution of water and methanol (85:15, v/v) and containing formic acid 0.05 %. The extraction from the analyte and the internal standard sample was performed using a simple protein plasma precipitation with perchloric acid. The detection was conducted on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer with a positive multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM). The monitored fragmentation transitions were m/z212.0  m/z 166.0 for 3-O-methyldopa and m/z 227.10  m/z 181.0 for carbidopa (internal standard).The calibration curves were linear in the range of 50–4000 ng/mL for 3-O-methyldopa. The methodology presented a good precision and accuracy in accordance to the criteria for biomedical analysis. And it was successfully applied to the bioequivalence study of two formulations levodopa + benserazide (200 + 50mg) in plasma samples from healthy human volunteers, following the ANVISA guidelines...

Prevalência e fatores de risco da constipação intestinal em universitários de uma instituição particular de Goiânia, GO / Prevalence and risk factors of constipation in students of a private institution of Goiânia, GO

Introdução - A constipação intestinal pode ser definida pelo movimento das fezes ao longo do intestino grosso, com grandes quantidades de fezes secas e endurecidas no cólon descendente, que se acumulam devido ao longo tempo disponível para a absorção de líquidos. Alguns se sentem constipados quando não conseguem evacuar diariamente, outros quando as fezes são duras, ou ainda quando a evacuação é dolorosa e possuem sensação de evacuação incompleta. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a prevalência de constipação intestinal, associando aos fatores de risco em estudantes universitários da Universidade Paulista (UNIP), campus Flamboyant. Materiale Métodos - Para a coleta de dados foi aplicado um questionário individual contendo 17 questões objetivas. A amostra foi constituída de 200 universitários maiores de 18 anos selecionados aleatoriamente,120 no período matutino e 80 no noturno. Resultados - A prevalência de constipação intestinal funcional nos universitários foi de 40,00%. Dentre os fatores de risco analisados na população universitária dois se destacaram: a história familiar com 55,70% dos constipados e a utilização de métodos laxativos representando maior porcentagem 16,46% em indivíduos constipados quando comparados com os não constipados 2,48%. Conclusão - Vários fatores de risco podem contribuir para o surgimento deste problema, neste estudo foram associadas à história familiar e utilização de métodos laxativos. Embora também diagnosticada a necessidade de mudanças comportamentais, sendo indispensável a adoção de uma dieta equilibrada e hábitos saudáveis.

Introduction - Constipation can be defined by the movement of stool through the large intestine with large amounts of dried and hardened stool in the descending colon, which accumulate due to the long time available for absorption of liquids. Some feel constipated when they can not evacuate on a daily basis, others when the stools are hard, or when the evacuation is painful and have feeling of incomplete evacuation. The present study had the objetive to assess the prevalence of constipation, involving risk factors in university students from Universidade Paulista - UNIP, campus Flamboyant. Material and Methods - To collect data was a questionnaire containing 17 individual objective questions. The sample consisted of 200 students over 18 randomly selected, 120 in the morning and 80 at night. Results - The prevalence of functional constipation in college was 40.00%. Among the risk factors analyzed in two university population stood, family history with 55.70% of the constipated and using methods induce higher percentage representing 16.46% of constipated subjects when compared with no constipated 2.48%. Conclusion - Several risk factors may contribute to the emergence of this problem, in this study were associated with family history and use of laxatives methods. Although also diagnosed the need for behavioral changes, which necessitates the adoption of a balanced diet and healthy habits.

Resíduos e contaminantes químicos em alimentos de origem animal no Brasil: histórico, legislação e atuação da vigilância sanitária e demais sistemas regulatórios / Chemical residues and contaminants in food of animal origin in Brazil: history, legislation and actions of sanitary surveillance and other regulatory systems

A segurança de alimentos é um tema cada vez mais relevante, devido à crescente busca por uma melhor qualidade de vida e conscientização dos consumidores quanto ao direito de adquirir produtos seguros à saúde. O uso de substâncias em animais produtores de alimentos para o consumo humano requer de estudos de farmacocinética à depleção dos resíduos, com o estabelecimento de valores limitativos, de forma que não constituam em um risco à saúde. Além das substâncias utilizadas intencionalmente, outras advindas da contaminação ambiental ou contaminação das rações ingeridas por esses animais podem atingir o homem através da dieta. Os objetivos deste artigo são reunir e discutir os principais atos federais relativos a resíduos e contaminantes químicos em alimentos de origem animal no Brasil, além daqueles relativos ao controle de medicamentos de uso veterinário e aditivos para produtos destinados à alimentação animal. A apresentação cronológica das bases legais pretende facilitar a interpretação dos atos dentro dos respectivos cenários políticos e econômicos. As propostas de ação dos diferentes agentes envolvidos nos sistemas regulatórios são discutidas sob o ponto de vista da saúde pública.

Food safety became a relevant subject due to the increasing search for a better way of life and consciousness of the consumers to stand on one's rights to acquire healthy products. The use of substances in animals destined for human consumption requires from pharmacokinetics to residue depletion studies, with the establishment of limitative values so that do not constitute a risk to health. Beyond the substances used deliberately, others coming from environment contamination or contamination of feeding stuffs consumed by these animals may reach human through the diet. The aims of this paper are to collect and discuss the main federal acts covering chemical residues and contaminants in food of animal origin in Brazil, besides those on measures to control veterinary medicinal products and additives for use in animal nutrition. The chronological presentation of the legal basis intends to facilitate the interpretation of the acts inside respective political and economics scenarios. The actions proposed from the different agents involved into the regulatory systems are discussed from the public health point of view.

[Chemical residues and contaminants in food of animal origin in Brazil: history, legislation and actions of sanitary surveillance and other regulatory systems]. / Resíduos e contaminantes químicos em alimentos de origem animal no Brasil: histórico, legislação e atuação da vigilância sanitária e demais sistemas regulatórios.

Food safety became a relevant subject due to the increasing search for a better way of life and consciousness of the consumers to stand on one's rights to acquire healthy products. The use of substances in animals destined for human consumption requires from pharmacokinetics to residue depletion studies, with the establishment of limitative values so that do not constitute a risk to health. Beyond the substances used deliberately, others coming from environment contamination or contamination of feeding stuffs consumed by these animals may reach human through the diet. The aims of this paper are to collect and discuss the main federal acts covering chemical residues and contaminants in food of animal origin in Brazil, besides those on measures to control veterinary medicinal products and additives for use in animal nutrition. The chronological presentation of the legal basis intends to facilitate the interpretation of the acts inside respective political and economics scenarios. The actions proposed from the different agents involved into the regulatory systems are discussed from the public health point of view.

Simple and rapid method determination for metformin in human plasma using high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry: application to pharmacokinetic studies.

A rapid and simple method for quantitation of metformin (MET) in human plasma by HPLC-MS/MS was developed and validated. The sample preparation consists of plasma deproteinization using acetonitrile. The mobile phase consisted of water-acetonitrile and formic acid (55/45/0.048, v/v/%) and the run time was 3 min. A pursuit C(18) (100 mm x 2.0 mm i.d., 3 microm) column connected to a guard column MS-pursuit (0.20 mm x 0.20 mm i.d., 5 microm) was used. The range of the calibration curve was from 20 to 5000 ng/mL, the limit of quantitation being 20 ng/mL. The detection was performed on a mass spectrometer (ESI+), using metoprolol as internal standard. The calibration curves have r(2) values of 0.995 (CV=0.24%, n=10). The accuracy and precision were between 90.74 and 106.7% and coefficients of variations (CV) of 1.10 and 4.35%, respectively. The method was applied to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters: C(max) (1667.25 ng/mL) and T(max) (3.89 h).

Analysis of synthetic 19-norsteroids trenbolone, tetrahydrogestrinone and gestrinone by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Tetrahydrogestrinone, gestrinone and trenbolone are synthetic 19-norsteroids with androgenic properties sharing a labile conjugated ketotrienyl motif. Their LC-MS analyses tend to overcome classical derivatization problems, a shortcoming to the use of GC-MS. Therefore, alternative derivatization procedures were evaluated. The procedure with methoxylamine: pyridine followed by TMSImid: MSTFA gave the best results. This is attributed to the stability of the MO-TMS derivatives hindering the formation of artifacts and tautomerism. A full method is presented including SPE, hydrolysis and liquid-liquid extraction. It was possible to confirm the analytes below 2 ng/mL in urine, being the method robust and cost effective also for screening proposes.

DNA typing: an accessory evidence in doping control.

A clear positive case for anabolic steroids doping was confounded by alleged urine tampering during doping control procedures. Review of the chain of custody showed no flaws, but nevertheless the athlete was adamant that the urine sample should be analyzed for DNA in order to support her contention that she was not the donor of the sample. The results obtained showed that the urine sample that scored positive for steroids contained nuclear DNA that could not be matched to the DNA obtained from the athlete's blood. On the other hand, the same urine sample contained mitochondrial DNA whose nucleotide sequences spanning the hyper variable regions HV1 and HV2 proved to be identical to those determined in mitochondrial DNA amplified from the athlete's blood. The occurrence of an extraneous genotype is compatible with exogenous nuclear DNA admixture to the athlete's urine. Alternatively, taking in consideration the mitochondrial DNA, we could not exclude that a sibling or a maternal relative of the athlete could have acted as a donor of the urine utilized for doping control and DNA analysis. Both situations point to possible tampering of the urine by the athlete. Adjudication at CAS maintained previous national and international federation decision that there was no proof of a chain of custody flaw to justify the athlete's allegation of urine substitution after collection.

Improvement in steroid screening for doping control with special emphasis on stanozolol.

The Medical Commission of the International Olympic Committee forbids the use of anabolic androgenic steroids and beta2-agonists to improve athletic performance. In this work we have selected examples of anabolic androgenic compounds and their metabolites to evaluate the GC-MS analysis of some trimethylsilyl derivatives. The aim is to set the best GC conditions to improve the detection within the whole range of analyte elution temperatures. The initial column temperature was changed to 105 or 140 degrees C followed by 40 degrees C min(-1) to 200 degrees C and then 15 degrees C min(-1) to 300 degrees C. Using 140 degrees C as the initial oven temperature it was possible to obtain narrower initial analyte distributions for the compounds that elutes at the beginning of the chromatogram as clenbuterol, mabuterol, epimethylenediol and norandrosterone, without loss of derivatized metabolites signal. Later. eluting analytes, such as the stanozolol metabolites, furazabol and oxandrolone were not affected. Temperatures below 140 degrees C. resulted in partial derivatization for some analytes mainly stanozolol related structures. Therefore evaluation of derivatization conditions as occurring in three steps, the vial, vaporization chamber and capillary column, was thoroughly assessed. The new program temperature improves the signal-to-noise ratio for some compounds and shows adequate resolution for endogenous compounds. Some of the difficult key separations necessary for doping control enforcement were also obtained with the proposed method.

Controle de dopagem de anabolizantes: o perfil esteroidal e suas regulações / Control of doping with anabolic agents: the steroid profile and its regulations

O conceito de perfil esteroidal é discutido neste artigo. As principais vias biossintéticas säo apresentadas. A importância do monitoramento do perfil esteroidal é demonstrada dentro da clínica médica e da medicina esportiva. Parâmetros da literatura para a identificaçäo de dopagem por esteróides endógenos säo apresentados, assim como os fatores que acarretam alterações no perfil esteroidal normal. É dada atençäo especial a essa última abordagem

Controle de dopagem no esporte: aspectos químicos e farmacológicos que afetam a detecção de drogas no cabelo / Doping control in sports: chemical and pharmacological aspects that effect the detection of drugs in hair

Análise em cabelo (AC) é bem documentada na área de toxicologia forense. AC tem sido empregada para inferir se o consumo de determinado fármaco é crônico ou esporádico. A Sociedade de Teste Capilar (STC) publicou normas sobre AC em dopagem no esporte, às quais são aceitas em cortes judiciais, apesar de não terem sido incorporadas pelo Comitê Olímpico Internacional (COI). Dentre as substâncias proibidas pelo COI o grande desafio da AC na área de controle de dopagem (CD) é a comprovação da sua viabilidade na detecção de esteróides anabolizantes (EA). Antes de validar a AC para o CD, a comunidade científica tem de responder pelo menos a cinco questões críticas...

Validation of the determination of oxymetholone in human plasma analysis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Application to pharmacokinetic studies.

A simple and rapid procedure for extraction of oxymetholone in human plasma using gas chromatography coupled with quadrupole mass spectrometric was evaluated. The method involves analyte extraction with tert.-butylmethylether after alkalinization of the plasma and derivatization with MSTFA-NH(4)I-2-mercaptoethanol before the high resolution gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry separation. Methyltestosterone was used as internal standard. The calibration curves were linear, with typical r(2) values >0.995 and F(table)>F(calculated) (alpha=0.05). Recovery from plasma proved to be more than 70%. The method was accurate and reproducible, and was successfully applied to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of oxymetholone for healthy volunteers after oral administration of 50 mg of the compound. The (C(max)) and (T(max)) were 18.8 +/- 0.4 ng/ml and 210 +/- 42.4 min, respectively.