Site-directed genotype screening for elimination of antinutritional saponins in quinoa seeds identifies TSARL1 as a master controller of saponin biosynthesis selectively in seeds.

Climate change may result in a drier climate and increased salinization, threatening agricultural productivity worldwide. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) produces highly nutritious seeds and tolerates abiotic stresses such as drought and high salinity, making it a promising future food source. However, the presence of antinutritional saponins in their seeds is an undesirable trait. We mapped genes controlling seed saponin content to a genomic region that includes TSARL1. We isolated desired genetic variation in this gene by producing a large mutant library of a commercial quinoa cultivar and screening the library for specific nucleotide substitutions using droplet digital PCR. We were able to rapidly isolate two independent tsarl1 mutants, which retained saponins in the leaves and roots for defence, but saponins were undetectable in the seed coat. We further could show that TSARL1 specifically controls seed saponin biosynthesis in the committed step after 2,3-oxidosqualene. Our work provides new important knowledge on the function of TSARL1 and represents a breakthrough for quinoa breeding.

Deficiencies in cluster-2 ALA lipid flippases result in salicylic acid-dependent growth reductions.

P4 ATPases (i.e., lipid flippases) are eukaryotic enzymes that transport lipids across membrane bilayers. In plants, P4 ATPases are named Aminophospholipid ATPases (ALAs) and are organized into five phylogenetic clusters. Here we generated an Arabidopsis mutant lacking all five cluster-2 ALAs (ala8/9/10/11/12), which is the most highly expressed ALA subgroup in vegetative tissues. Plants harboring the quintuple knockout (KO) show rosettes that are 2.2-fold smaller and display chlorotic lesions. A similar but less severe phenotype was observed in an ala10/11 double KO. The growth and lesion phenotypes of ala8/9/10/11/12 mutants were reversed by expressing a NahG transgene, which encodes an enzyme that degrades salicylic acid (SA). A role for SA in promoting the lesion phenotype was further supported by quantitative PCR assays showing increased mRNA abundance for an SA-biosynthesis gene ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE 1 (ICS1) and two SA-responsive genes PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENE 1 (PR1) and PR2. Lesion phenotypes were also reversed by growing plants in liquid media containing either low calcium (~0.1 mM) or high nitrogen concentrations (~24 mM), which are conditions known to suppress SA-dependent autoimmunity. Yeast-based fluorescent lipid uptake assays revealed that ALA10 and ALA11 display overlapping substrate specificities, including the transport of LysoPC signaling lipids. Together, these results establish that the biochemical functions of ALA8-12 are at least partially overlapping, and that deficiencies in cluster-2 ALAs result in an SA-dependent autoimmunity phenotype that has not been observed for flippase mutants with deficiencies in other ALA clusters.

Plant P4-ATPase lipid flippases: How are they regulated?

P4 ATPases are active membrane transporters that translocate lipids towards the cytosolic side of the biological membranes in eukaryotic cells. Due to their essential cellular functions, P4 ATPase activity is expected to be tightly controlled, but fundamental aspects of the regulation of plant P4 ATPases remain unstudied. In this mini-review, our knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms of yeast and mammalian P4 ATPases will be summarized, and sequence comparison and structural modelling will be used as a basis to discuss the putative regulation of the corresponding plant lipid transporters.

Metal mobility and bioaccessibility from cyanide leaching heaps in a historical mine site.

Unlike acidic sulfide mine wastes, where metal/loid mobility and bioaccessibility has been widely studied, less attention has been paid to alkaline cyanide heap leaching wastes. Thus, the main goal of this study is to evaluate the mobility and bioaccessibility of metal/loids in Fe-rich (up to 55%) mine wastes resulting from historical cyanide leaching activities. Wastes are mainly composed of oxides/oxyhydroxides (i.e. goethite and hematite), oxyhydroxisulfates (i.e. jarosite), sulfates (i.e., gypsum, evaporitic sulfate salts), carbonates (i.e., calcite, siderite) and quartz, with noticeable concentrations of metal/loids (e.g., 1453-6943 mg/kg of As, 5216-15,672 mg/kg; of Pb, 308-1094 mg/kg of Sb, 181-1174 mg/kg of Cu, or 97-1517 mg/kg of Zn). The wastes displayed a high reactivity upon rainfall contact associated to the dissolution of secondary minerals such as carbonates, gypsum, and other sulfates, exceeding the threshold values for hazardous wastes in some heap levels for Se, Cu, Zn, As, and sulfate leading to potential significant risks for aquatic life. High concentrations of Fe, Pb, and Al were released during the simulation of digestive ingestion of waste particles, with average values of 4825 mg/kg of Fe, 1672 mg/kg of Pb, and 807 mg/kg of Al. Mineralogy may control the mobility and bioaccessibility of metal/loids under rainfall events. However, in the case of the bioaccessible fractions different associations may be observed: i) the dissolution of gypsum, jarosite and hematite would mainly release Fe, As, Pb, Cu, Se, Sb and Tl; ii) the dissolution of an un-identified mineral (e.g., aluminosilicate or Mn oxide) would lead to the release of Ni, Co, Al and Mn and iii) the acid attack of silicate materials and goethite would enhance the bioaccessibility of V and Cr. This study highlights the hazardousness of wastes from cyanide heap leaching, and the need to adopt restoration measures in historical mine sites.

Mini-review: Lipid flippases as putative targets for biotechnological crop improvement.

An increasing world population and drastic changes in weather conditions are challenging agricultural production. To face these challenges and ensure sustainable food production in the future, crop plants need to be improved to withstand several different biotic and abiotic stresses. Commonly, breeders select varieties that can tolerate a specific type of stress and then cross these varieties to stack beneficial traits. This strategy is time-consuming and strictly dependent on the stacked traits been genetically unlinked. Here, we revise the role of plant lipid flippases of the P4 ATPase family in stress-related responses with a special focus on the pleiotropic nature of their functions and discuss their suitability as biotechnological targets for crop improvement.

Functional Analysis of the P-Type ATPases Apt2-4 from Cryptococcus neoformans by Heterologous Expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Lipid flippases of the P4-ATPase family actively transport phospholipids across cell membranes, an activity essential for key cellular processes such as vesicle budding and membrane trafficking. Members of this transporter family have also been implicated in the development of drug resistance in fungi. The encapsulated fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans contains four P4-ATPases, among which Apt2-4p are poorly characterized. Using heterologous expression in the flippase-deficient S. cerevisiae strain dnf1Δdnf2Δdrs2Δ, we tested their lipid flippase activity in comparison to Apt1p using complementation tests and fluorescent lipid uptake assays. Apt2p and Apt3p required the co-expression of the C. neoformans Cdc50 protein for activity. Apt2p/Cdc50p displayed a narrow substrate specificity, limited to phosphatidylethanolamine and -choline. Despite its inability to transport fluorescent lipids, the Apt3p/Cdc50p complex still rescued the cold-sensitive phenotype of dnf1Δdnf2Δdrs2Δ, suggesting a functional role for the flippase in the secretory pathway. Apt4p, the closest homolog to Saccharomyces Neo1p, which does not require a Cdc50 protein, was unable to complement several flippase-deficient mutant phenotypes, neither in the presence nor absence of a ß-subunit. These results identify C. neoformans Cdc50 as an essential subunit for Apt1-3p and provide a first insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying their physiological functions.

Rare earth elements as statistical sentinels of pollution and paleoenvironments?: Application to a highly polluted estuary in southwestern Spain.

Multivariate analyses have been applied to the REE contents of three cores collected in the Tinto estuary, SW Spain, an extremely polluted area. Results indicate an extremely correlation between all REE, which behave as a single variable. A slight natural pollution peak and three anthropogenic pollution peaks are identified, related with the first mining activities, the Roman period and a recent intensive mining accompanied by a heavy industrial pollution. In all these peaks, the increase of Cu is parallel to that of MREE, which are configured as the best indicators of pollution among REE. Statistical analyses clearly differentiate four groups, each consisting of samples from different environments. Although grain size and this strong pollution alter the study of REE as environmental indicators, it is possible to recognise groups of samples with a common origin or to identify the surface extent of a given pollution peak.

Plant transbilayer lipid asymmetry and the role of lipid flippases.

Many biological membranes present an asymmetric lipid distribution between the two leaflets that is known as the transbilayer lipid asymmetry. This asymmetry is essential for cell survival and its loss is related to apoptosis. In mammalian and yeast cells, ATP-dependent transport of lipids to the cytosolic side of the biological membranes, carried out by so-called lipid flippases, contributes to the transbilayer lipid asymmetry. Most of these lipid flippases belong to the P4-ATPase protein family, which is also present in plants. In this review, we summarize the relatively scarce literature concerning the presence of transbilayer lipid asymmetry in different plant cell membranes and revise the potential role of lipid flippases of the P4-ATPase family in generation and/or maintenance of this asymmetry.

Comparison of the analgesic effect of inhaled lavender vs vanilla essential oil for neonatal frenotomy: a randomized clinical trial (NCT04867824).

It is necessary to treat neonatal pain because it may have short- and long-term adverse effects. Frenotomy is a painful procedure where sucking, a common strategy to relieve pain, cannot be used because the technique is performed on the tongue. In a previous randomized clinical trial, we demonstrated that inhaled lavender essential oil (LEO) reduced the signs of pain during neonatal frenotomy. We aimed to find out whether inhaled vanilla essential oil (VEO) is more effective in reducing pain during frenotomy than LEO. Randomized clinical trial with neonates who underwent a frenotomy for type 3 tongue-ties between May and October 2021. Pain was assessed using pre and post-procedure heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation (SatO2), crying time, and NIPS score. Neonates were randomized into "experimental" and "control" group. In both groups, we performed swaddling, administered oral sucrose, and let the newborn suck for 2 min. We placed a gauze pad with one drop of LEO (control group) or of VEO (experimental group) under the neonate's nose for 2 min prior to and during the frenotomy. We enrolled 142 neonates (71 per group). Both groups showed similar NIPS scores (2.02 vs 2.38) and crying times (15.3 vs 18.7 s). We observed no differences in HR increase or in SatO2 decrease between both groups. We observed no side effects in either of the groups. CONCLUSIONS: We observed no appreciable difference between LEO and VEO; therefore, we cannot conclude which of them was more effective in treating pain in neonates who underwent a frenotomy. TRIAL REGISTRATION:  This clinical trial is registered with www. CLINICALTRIALS: gov with NCT04867824. WHAT IS KNOWN: • Pain management is one of the most important goals of neonatal care as it can have long-term neurodevelopmental effects. • Lavender essential oil can help relieve pain due to its sedative, antispasmodic, and anticolic properties. WHAT IS NEW: • Lavender and vanilla essential oils are safe, beneficial, easy to use, and cheap in relieving pain in neonates who undergo a frenotomy for type 3 tongue-ties.

Rare earth elements - Source and evolution in an aquatic system dominated by mine-Influenced waters.

Acid mine drainage (AMD), formed by the instability of sulfides, typically generates acidity and releases potentially toxic elements and sulfate to the environment, among other pollutants. An example is the group of rare earth elements (REE) that may have high toxic behavior. This toxicity leads to degradation of soils, water reservoirs and rivers, promoting serious risks for the ecosystems. So, the main goal of the present work is to study the hydrochemical properties of a system with mine-influenced waters during the rainy season, focusing on the origin, evolution/behavior, and concentration of REE. The study area is the São Domingos mining complex, located in one of the largest metallogenetic provinces in the world (Iberian Pyrite Belt), known by the evidences of AMD contamination. The obtained results reveal extraordinarily low pH (0.4), high electrical conductivity, reaching 26,200 µS/cm, and high values of sulfate and acidity. Regarding the REE, the determined concentration exceeded that observed in normal pH of neutral freshwaters by 2-3 times the order of magnitude. The results revealed that Y and Ce are distinguished in practically all sampled sites, due to its higher concentrations, with maximum values of 221.8 and 166.9 µg/L. In general, the concentrations increase as the water pH decreases. The statistical analysis indicates that REE elements may have a common origin, mutual dependence, and similar behavior during transport with typical AMD elements and composition of host rocks. Most samples show enrichment in middle REE (MREE) (Gdn/Lun), like the classic signature of AMD. In turn, colloids and AMD-precipitates may be participating in the incorporation of these elements. Therefore, due to potential risk of impacts on ecosystems, REE are a topic of relevant interest for future studies in order to assist monitoring processes and help government decisions related to water quality management.

Analgesic effect of inhaled lavender essential oil for frenotomy in healthy neonates: a randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Neonatal pain may affect long-term neurodevelopment and must be treated. Frenotomy is a painful procedure wherein a common strategy to relieve pain (sucking) cannot be used because the technique is performed on the tongue. Lavender essential oil (LEO) has sedative and antispasmodic properties and has been successfully used to treat pain during heel puncture and vaccination. Our aim was to demonstrate if the use of inhaled LEO is effective in reducing pain during frenotomy in healthy, full-term neonates. METHODS: We conducted a randomized clinical trial in neonates who underwent a frenotomy between August 2020 and April 2021. We assessed pain using pre and post-procedure heart rate and oxygen saturation, crying time and Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) score. Patients with type 3 tongue tie were randomized into the "experimental group" and "control group". In both groups, we performed swaddling, administered oral sucrose, and let the newborn suck for two minutes. In the experimental group, we also placed a gauze pad with one drop of LEO under the neonate's nose for two minutes prior to and during the frenotomy. RESULTS: We enrolled 142 patients (71 per group). The experimental group showed significantly lower NIPS scores (1.88 vs 2.92) and cried almost half the amount of time (14.8 vs. 24.6 seconds, P = 0.006). Comparing with the control group, we observed no side effects in either of the groups. CONCLUSIONS: We observed a significant decrease in crying time and lower NIPS scores in the neonates who received inhaled LEO and underwent a frenotomy for type 3 tongue-ties. Thus, we recommend using inhaled LEO during neonatal frenotomies.

CDC50A is required for aminophospholipid transport and cell fusion in mouse C2C12 myoblasts.

Myoblast fusion is essential for the formation of multinucleated muscle fibers and is promoted by transient changes in the plasma membrane lipid distribution. However, little is known about the lipid transporters regulating these dynamic changes. Here, we show that proliferating myoblasts exhibit an aminophospholipid flippase activity that is downregulated during differentiation. Deletion of the P4-ATPase flippase subunit CDC50A (also known as TMEM30A) results in loss of the aminophospholipid flippase activity and compromises actin remodeling, RAC1 GTPase membrane targeting and cell fusion. In contrast, deletion of the P4-ATPase ATP11A affects aminophospholipid uptake without having a strong impact on cell fusion. Our results demonstrate that myoblast fusion depends on CDC50A and may involve multiple CDC50A-dependent P4-ATPases that help to regulate actin remodeling.

A saúde pública para além do debate entre direito e meritocracia / Public health beyond the debate between law and meritocracy

Este artigo discute a ressignificação de parte da saúde pública a partir da realidade posta pela COVID-19. Na primeira parte, é tratada a evolução da concepção da saúde como um direito, inserido no âmbito da seguridade social, em diversos países, desde o final do século XIX. Na segunda, são apontadas as críticas do pensamento neoliberal aos gastos públicos com a saúde, desde a crise dos anos 1970. Já na terceira, apresentamos os argumentos que nos levam a defender que parte da saúde pública pode estar sendo ressignificada, para além do direito cidadão ou meritocrático. Entre esses argumentos, destacamos que, a crise econômica e sanitária que acompanhou o avanço da COVID-19, ao deixar claro que esta não será a última pandemia que iremos enfrentar, recolocou a saúde pública no centro da discussão, mas agora como elemento chave para a garantia da soberania nacional e da coesão social, essenciais à continuidade do processo de acumulação na mundialização do capital. Para isso, foi feita revisão da literatura de textos que colocam o acesso à saúde a partir de uma perspectiva histórica crítica e acompanhamento dos desdobramentos da crise sanitária decorrente da COVID-19

This article discusses the redefinition of a portion of public health policies in view of the new reality established by COVID-19. The first part deals with the evolution of the concept of health as a right since the end of the 19th century, within the scope of social security in several countries. The second part discusses the criticisms made by neoliberal thinking to public spending on health kicked off by the 1970s crisis. In the third part, we defend that part of public health may be in the process of being reframed, beyond the concepts of civil rights or meritocracy. Among these arguments, we highlight that, by making it clear that this will not be the last pandemic we will face, the economic and health crisis that accompanied the advance of COVID-19 has brought back public health at the center of the discussion, now placed as a key element for the guarantee of national sovereignty and social cohesion. These are essential for the continuity of the accumulation process with the globalization of capital. To this end, this article presents a literature review that analyzes both the access to healthcare from a critical historical perspective and the monitoring of the consequences of the health crisis resulting from COVID-19

Imaging of Lipid Uptake in Arabidopsis Seedlings Utilizing Fluorescent Lipids and Confocal Microscopy.

Eukaryotic cells use a diverse set of transporters to control the movement of lipids across their plasma membrane, which drastically affects membrane properties. Various tools and techniques to analyze the activity of these transporters have been developed. Among them, assays based on fluorescent phospholipid probes are particularly suitable, allowing for imaging and quantification of lipid internalization in living cells. Classically, these assays have been applied to yeast and animal cells. Here, we describe the adaptation of this powerful approach to characterize lipid internalization in plant roots and aerial tissues using confocal imaging. Graphic abstract: Fluorescent lipid uptake in Arabidopsis seedlings. Scale bars: seedling, 25 mm; leaf, 10 µm; root, 25 µm.

P-Type ATPase Apt1 of the Fungal Pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans Is a Lipid Flippase of Broad Substrate Specificity.

Lipid flippases of the P4-ATPase family are ATP-driven transporters that translocate lipids from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaflet of biological membranes. In the encapsulated fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, the P4-ATPase Apt1p is an important regulator of polysaccharide secretion and pathogenesis, but its biochemical characterization is lacking. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Apt1p belongs to the subclade of P4A-ATPases characterized by the common requirement for a ß-subunit. Using heterologous expression in S. cerevisiae, we demonstrate that Apt1p forms a heterodimeric complex with the C. neoformans Cdc50 protein. This association is required for both localization and activity of the transporter complex. Lipid flippase activity of the heterodimeric complex was assessed by complementation tests and uptake assays employing fluorescent lipids and revealed a broad substrate specificity, including several phospholipids, the alkylphospholipid miltefosine, and the glycolipids glucosyl- and galactosylceramide. Our results suggest that transbilayer lipid transport in C. neoformans is finely regulated to promote fungal virulence, which reinforces the potential of Apt1p as a target for antifungal drug development.

Lipid flippases as key players in plant adaptation to their environment.

Lipid flippases (P4 ATPases) are active transporters that catalyse the translocation of lipids between the two sides of the biological membranes in the secretory pathway. This activity modulates biological membrane properties, contributes to vesicle formation, and is the trigger for lipid signalling events, which makes P4 ATPases essential for eukaryotic cell survival. Plant P4 ATPases (also known as aminophospholipid ATPases (ALAs)) are crucial for plant fertility and proper development, and are involved in key adaptive responses to biotic and abiotic stress, including chilling tolerance, heat adaptation, nutrient deficiency responses and pathogen defence. While ALAs present many analogies to mammalian and yeast P4 ATPases, they also show characteristic features as the result of their independent evolution. In this Review, the main properties, roles, regulation and mechanisms of action of ALA proteins are discussed.

Sono-Biosynthesis and Characterization of AuNPs from Danube Delta Nymphaea alba Root Extracts and Their Biological Properties.

Root extracts from Danube Delta Nymphaea alba were used to prepare gold nanoparticles (AuNPRn) by reducing HAuCl4 at different pHs (6.4-8.4) using ultrasonic irradiation: an easy, cheap, eco-friendly and green approach. Their antibacterial and anticancer activities were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and A2780 ovarian cancer cells, respectively. The AuNPRn were characterized concerning their phytoconstituents (polyphenols, flavonoids and condensed tannins) and gold content. All of the nanoparticles were negatively charged. AuNPRn exhibited a hydrodynamic size distribution ranging from 32 nm to 280 nm, with the larger nanoparticles being obtained with an Au/root extract ratio of 0.56, pH 7 and 10 min of sonication (AuNPR1), whereas the smallest were obtained with an Au/root extract ratio of 0.24, pH 7.8 and 40 min of sonication (AuNPR4). The TEM/SEM images showed that the AuNPRn had different shapes. The ATR-FTIR indicated that AuNPRn interact mainly with hydroxyl groups present in the polyphenol compounds, which also confirm their high antioxidant capacity, except for AuNPR2 obtained at pH 6.4. Among the AuNPRn, the smallest ones exhibited enhanced antimicrobial and anticancer activities.

Dynamic membranes: the multiple roles of P4 and P5 ATPases.

The lipid bilayer of biological membranes has a complex composition, including high chemical heterogeneity, the presence of nanodomains of specific lipids, and asymmetry with respect to lipid composition between the two membrane leaflets. In membrane trafficking, membrane vesicles constantly bud off from one membrane compartment and fuse with another, and both budding and fusion events have been proposed to require membrane lipid asymmetry. One mechanism for generating asymmetry in lipid bilayers involves the action of the P4 ATPase family of lipid flippases; these are biological pumps that use ATP as an energy source to flip lipids from one leaflet to the other. The model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) contains 12 P4 ATPases (AMINOPHOSPHOLIPID ATPASE1-12; ALA1-12), many of which are functionally redundant. Studies of P4 ATPase mutants have confirmed the essential physiological functions of these pumps and pleiotropic mutant phenotypes have been observed, as expected when genes required for basal cellular functions are disrupted. For instance, phenotypes associated with ala3 (dwarfism, pollen defects, sensitivity to pathogens and cold, and reduced polar cell growth) can be related to membrane trafficking problems. P5 ATPases are evolutionarily related to P4 ATPases, and may be the counterpart of P4 ATPases in the endoplasmic reticulum. The absence of P4 and P5 ATPases from prokaryotes and their ubiquitous presence in eukaryotes make these biological pumps a defining feature of eukaryotic cells. Here, we review recent advances in the field of plant P4 and P5 ATPases.

Avaliação da qualidade de produtos cosméticos contendo ácido glicólico / Quality assessment of cosmetic products containing glycolic acid / Evaluación de la calidad de los productos cosméticos que contienen ácido glicólico

RESUMO Introdução: O ácido glicólico é aplicado para o tratamento estético e dermatológico em formulações antirrugas (anti-aging), esfoliantes químicos (peeling). Considerando a grande utilização em produtos cosméticos, é de suma importância a realização do controle de qualidade dos produtos cosméticos contendo ácido glicólico, com a finalidade de garantir maior segurança para os usuários. Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade de produtos cosméticos de venda livre contendo ácido glicólico disponíveis no comércio nacional. Materiais e métodos: Foram avaliadas 8 amostras de produtos cosméticos contendo ácido glicólico. Os testes realizados foram: análise do rótulo, características organolépticas dos produtos, determinação do pH, teste de centrifuga e doseamento do ácido glicólico. Quanto ao teor de ácido glicólico as 8 amostras foram aprovadas, pois permaneceram dentro do limite máximo estabelecido pela Anvisa de 10% de ácido glicólico. Resultados: No que se refere à avaliação do pH, 4 amostras apresentaram valores abaixo permitido, sendo que o uso de produtos com pH abaixo de 3,5 pode causar irritação e lesão da pele. Já na análise do rótulo as amostras manipuladas faltavam às recomendações e precauções de uso. Conclusão: Dessa forma, fica evidente a importância do controle de qualidade em produtos contendo ácido glicólico para conferir segurança e eficácia para os usuários.

SUMMARY Introduction: Glycolic acid is applied for the aesthetic and dermatological treatment in anti-aging formulations, chemical exfoliators (peeling). Considering the great use of glycolic acid in cosmetic products and their applicability, it is become important to carry out the quality control of cosmetic products containing glycolic acid, in order to guarantee its quality as well safety to users. Aim: To evaluate the quality of glycolic acid in cosmetic over the counter available in the national market. Materials and methods: 8 samples of cosmetic products containing glycolic acid were evaluated. The following tests were performed: label analysis, organoleptic characteristics of the products, pH determination, centrifuge test and glycolic acid assay (volumetric analysis). Regarding the glycolic acid content, the 8 samples were approved, as they remained within the maximum limit established by Anvisa of 10% glycolic acid. Results: Regarding the pH evaluation, 4 samples presented values below the allowed, being that the use of products with pH below 3.5 may cause irritation and damage skin. Already in the analysis of the labels from compounding formulation samples, there was no recommendations and precautions of use. Conclusion: This way, the importance of quality control in glycolic acid containing products is evident to provide safety and efficacy to users.

RESUMEN Introducción: El ácido glicólico se aplica para el tratamiento estético y dermatológico en formulaciones antiarrugas (antienvejecimiento), exfoliantes químicos (peeling). Es de suma importancia realizar el control de calidad de los productos cosméticos que contienen ácido glicólico, teniendo en cuenta su amplio uso en productos cosméticos, para garantizar una mayor seguridad para los usuarios. Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de los productos cosméticos de venta libre que contienen ácido glicólico disponibles en el mercado nacional. Materiales y métodos: Se evaluaron 8 muestras de productos cosméticos que contenían ácido glicólico. Las pruebas realizadas fueron: análisis de etiquetas, características organolépticas de los productos, determinación de pH, prueba de centrifugación y ensayo de ácido glicólico. En cuanto al contenido de ácido glicólico, las 8 muestras fueron aprobadas, ya que se mantuvieron dentro del límite máximo establecido por Anvisa para el ácido glicólico al 10%. Resultados: En cuanto a la valoración del pH, 4 muestras arrojaron valores inferiores a los permitidos y el uso de productos con un pH inferior a 3,5 puede provocar irritación y daño cutáneo. En el análisis de la etiqueta, las muestras manipuladas carecieron de las recomendaciones y precauciones de uso. Conclusión: De esta forma, se evidencia la importancia del control de calidad en los productos que contienen ácido glicólico para garantizar la seguridad y efectividad para los usuarios.