ABSTRACT
Resumo Introdução O suicídio é um problema mundial de saúde pública e está entre as principais causas de morte no mundo. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a sua ocorrência e caracterizar os casos de suicídio registrados em um município da Amazônia Legal, entre os anos de 1999 e 2016. Método Foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico descritivo e transversal. Foram incluídos todos os casos registrados como suicídios no Instituto Médico Legal (IML) de Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso. Resultados As taxas de suicídio por ano variaram de 8,6 (2014) a 20,3 (2003). Houve maior frequência no gênero masculino (76,6%) e em adultos (78,1%). A causa mais utilizada foi a asfixia (49,6%), seguida por intoxicações (27,0%), cujos principais agentes tóxicos utilizados foram agrotóxicos (60,9%). Em relação ao mês de ocorrência, abril apresentou o maior número de suicídios (13,1%) e o menor foi em fevereiro (5,1%). Em relação ao dia da semana, no domingo, foi observada a maior incidência (17,5%). Conclusão Diante do exposto, conclui-se que o gênero masculino e a faixa etária adultos foram mais propensos a cometer a autoagressão. Assim, projetos relacionados à Saúde Pública e estratégias de prevenção são necessários, pensando também em ações mais efetivas voltadas para o perfil das vítimas.
Abstract Introduction Suicide is a global public health problem and is among the leading causes of death worldwide. Thus, this study aimed to study the occurrence and characterize the suicide cases recorded in a municipality of the Legal Amazon, between the years of 1999 and 2016. Method We performed an epidemiological descriptive and transversal study including all cases registered as suicides at the Institute of Forensic Medicine (IFM) of Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso. Results Suicide rates ranged from 8.6 (2014) to 20.3 (2003). There was a higher frequency in males (76.6%) and in adults (78.1%). The most common form of suicide was asphyxiation (49.6%), followed by intoxications (27.0%), mainly by pesticides (60.9%). April was the month with the highest number of suicides (13.1%), and February (5.1%) had the lowest. Sundays were the day of the week with a higher incidence (17.5%). Conclusions In conclusion, male adults are more likely to commit self-harm. Thus, there is a need for more research on public health and prevention strategies, also considering more effective actions according to the profile of the victims.
ABSTRACT
Important metabolic changes occur during transition period of late pregnancy and early lactation to meet increasing energy demands of the growing fetus and for milk production. The aim of this investigation is to present an innovative and non-invasive tool using ewe earwax sample analysis to assess the metabolic profile in ewes during late pregnancy and early lactation. In this work, earwax samples were collected from 28 healthy Brazilian Santa Inês ewes divided into 3 sub-groups: 9 non-pregnant ewes, 6 pregnant ewes in the last 30 days of gestation, and 13 lactating ewes ≤ 30 days postpartum. Then, a range of metabolites including volatile organic compounds (VOC), amino acids (AA), and minerals were profiled and quantified in the samples by applying headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry, respectively. As evident in our results, significant changes were observed in the metabolite profile of earwax between the studied groups where a remarkable elevation was detected in the levels of non-esterified fatty acids, alcohols, ketones, and hydroxy urea in the VOC profile of samples obtained from pregnant and lactating ewes. Meanwhile, a significant decrease was detected in the levels of 9 minerals and 14 AA including essential AA (leucine, phenyl alanine, lysine, isoleucine, threonine, valine), conditionally essential AA (arginine, glycine, tyrosine, proline, serine), and a non-essential AA (alanine). Multivariate analysis using robust principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis was successfully applied to discriminate the three study groups using the variations of metabolites in the two stress states (pregnancy and lactation) from the healthy non-stress condition. The innovative developed method was successful in evaluating pre- and post-parturient metabolic changes using earwax and can in the future be applied to recognize markers for diagnosis, prevention, and intervention of pregnancy complications in ewes.
