Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in a brazilian military police population.

BACKGROUND: Data obtained from oral health surveys are very important for identifying disease-susceptible groups and for developing dental care and prevention programs. So, the purpose of the current article was to investigate the prevalence of oral mucosa lesions (OMLs) in a population of Brazilian police. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Interviews and oral cavity examinations were performed on a sample of 395 police officers who were randomly selected by the calibrated researcher. The number of individuals was obtained by a sample calculation using the finite population correction. The diagnostic criteria were based on the WHO (1997) criteria and adapted to Brazilian surveys. RESULTS: In total, 8.61% of the population presented some OML. Traumatic injuries and benign migratory glossitis (BMG) were the most prevalent lesions. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of potentially malignant disorders was lower than among the Brazilian population.The most prevalent lesion among the police officers was related to trauma. Patients dissatisfied with oral health had a higher risk of presenting OMLs. Key words:Mouth disease, mouth mucosa, military personnel, public health, oral pathology, oral leukoplakia.

IL-17 genetic and immunophenotypic evaluation in chronic graft-versus-host disease.

Although interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a recently discovered cytokine associated with several autoimmune diseases, its role in the pathogenesis of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) was not established yet. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of IL17A and IL17F genes polymorphisms and IL-17A and IL-17F levels with cGVHD. IL-17A expression was also investigated in CD4(+) T cells of patients with systemic cGVHD. For Part I of the study, fifty-eight allo-HSCT recipients and donors were prospectively studied. Blood samples were obtained to determine IL17A and IL17F genes polymorphisms. Cytokines levels in blood and saliva were assessed by ELISA at days +35 and +100 after HSCT. In Part II, for the immunophenotypic evaluation, eight patients with systemic cGVHD were selected and the expression of IL-17A was evaluated. We found association between recipient AA genotype with systemic cGVHD. No association was observed between IL-17A levels and cGVHD. Lower IL-17A levels in the blood were associated with AA genotype. In flow cytometry analysis, decreased expression of IL-17A was observed in patients with cGVHD after stimulation. In conclusion, IL-17A may have an important role in the development of systemic cGVHD.

p16 (CDKN2A) SNP rs11515 was not associated with head and neck carcinoma.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is considered a serious public health problem in many countries. Recently, genetic variations have been considered as important factors to cancer susceptibility and prognosis. More specifically, genetic polymorphisms have been associated with the development and prognosis of HNSCC. The purpose of the current study was to investigate an association among p16 (CDKN2A) gene polymorphism at rs11515, age, and HNSCC aggressiveness. PCR-RFLP analysis was used to investigate the p16 (CDKN2A) gene in 96 patients with HNSCC and in 100 individuals without HNSCC. A case group was categorized by age in younger (<60 years) and older (≥ 60 years) patients. Differences between the case and control groups were determined using Fisher and chi-squared tests. Time of survival was calculated from the date of diagnosis to the date of last follow-up visit or to the date of death using the Kaplan-Meier estimator and comparing this to the log-rank test. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. In the present study, no association was established between HNSCC and rs11515 polymorphism, as indicated in a previous study. We found that HNSCC individuals with large-sized tumors and with metastatic disease presented worse overall survival, consistent with fundamental concepts that establish the effects of tumor size and lymph node metastasis to HNSCC outcomes. This study identified that there is no difference in the distribution of rs11515 between the control and HNSCC groups. In addition, no differences between rs11515 genotypes and clinicopathological parameters were observed.

High HIF-1α expression genotypes in oral lichen planus.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to assess whether C1772T and G1790A hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1)α polymorphisms are associated with risk of oral lichen planus (OLP). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was used to investigate HIF-1α C1779T and G1790A polymorphisms in 32 OLP and 88 individuals without OLP. RESULTS: The frequency of the CC, TT, GA, and AA genotypes was higher in patients with OLP. Notably, individuals carrying the C and A, and T and A haplotypes showed a significant association OLP risk. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that the C1772T and G1790A polymorphisms of HIF-1α gene increased the risk of OLP. C1772T and G1790A polymorphisms of HIF-1α gene had differing patterns of allelic imbalance in the normal samples and subsequent chronic lesions. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the HIF-1α pathway in OLP, which would facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of OLP. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These results, in conjunction with previous studies, suggest that HIF-1α may play important roles in the chronicity of oral mucosa lesions of OLP patients. Taken together, we suggest that HIF-1α polymorphisms enhance its target genes, thereby altering the microenvironment and supporting sequential release of inflammatory mediators or cellular events in OLP. It appears unlikely that inhibition of a single proinflammatory mediator will prove useful in clinical practice, but several ways to reprogram mediators engaged in a wide array of roles simultaneously are encouraging.

HPV-16/18 detection does not affect the prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in younger and older patients.

Recently, high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) has emerged as a possible agent associated with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in younger patients. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of age on the distribution of HPV-16/18 in HNSCC, together with the impact of the virus on patient prognosis. A longitudinal prospective study was used adjusted for age, gender, TNM staging, smoking status and alcohol consumption. HPV was detected by PCR with consensus primers. Results showed there was no difference in the frequency of HPV-16/18 positivity when younger patients were compared to the older patients. No association was found among high-risk HPV positivity, gender, smoking habit and anatomical site. High-risk HPV was associated with advanced TNM in bivariate analyses; however, it did not impact on survival. Only TNM staging was associated with risk of mortality. Our study supports the theory that age does not affect the presence of HPV-16/18 in HNSCC and has no impact on patient prognosis. The incidence of HNSCC among patients under the age of 45 years is reportedly on the increase worldwide. The factors associated with HNSCC in younger adults are not well established. Findings of this study indicate that HPV-16/18 may not play a role in HNSCC patients under the age of 45 years.

Analysis of p16(CDKN2A) methylation and HPV-16 infection in oral mucosal dysplasia.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between p16(CDKN2A) methylation and epithelial dysplasia (ED). We also evaluated the expressions of proteins related to methylation (DNMT3B and DNMT1). Finally, we tested whether HPV-16/18 or the dmt3b (C46359T) polymorphism is associated with p16(CDKN2A) methylation status. METHODS: To test the hypothesis, a case-control study with 72 (control, n = 24; ED, n = 48) tissue samples from subjects was performed. Methylation-specific PCR, RFLP, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to evaluate p16(CDKN2A) methylation status, dmt3b (C46359T) genotyping, and protein levels, respectively. RESULTS: The methylation of p16(CDKN2A) and HPV-16 was associated with ED gradation (p = 0.001 and 0.002, respectively). In addition, most HPV-16-positive samples (77.8%) exhibited p16(CDKN2A) methylation; however, changes in DNMT3B and DNMT1 protein levels were not observed in HPV-positive samples. Neither HPV-18 nor the dmt3b polymorphism was associated with p16(CDKN2A) methylation. CONCLUSIONS: There is an association between the presence of HPV-16 in ED and the occurrence of p16(CDKN2A) methylation. Both variables are also associated with ED development, but further studies are necessary to clarify if they operate independently and if they have any impact on OD malignization.

Effect of age on the association between p16CDKN2A methylation and DNMT3B polymorphism in head and neck carcinoma and patient survival.

De novo DNA methylation is a relevant epigenetic mechanism, which represses gene transcription and commonly inactivates tumor suppressor genes in carcinogenesis. A single nucleotide polymorphism of DNMT3B, C46359T (-149C-->T) was reported to modulate individual's susceptibility to cancer. We investigated the role of this polymorphic variant regarding the methylation status of the p16CDKN2A gene in young and older patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNCC) matched by the TNM staging system, together with its impact on patients survival. The results showed that the presence of the allele T of the polymorphism DNMT3B (-149C-->T) was associated with advanced TNM staging and smoking habit, but no association was found between this polymorphisms and DNMT3B immunostaining. While p16CDKN2A methylation was significantly associated with smoking habit in older patients, this parameter was associated with family history of cancer in young patients. Moreover, in older patients the absence of p16CDKN2A promoter methylation had a negative impact on survival. In conclusion, nucleotide polymorphism of DNMT3B is not associated with methylation of p16CDKN2A gene in HNSCC. The association of p16CDKN2A gene methylation with smoking, family history of cancer and survival is dependent on age.

The impact of dental surgery on HSV-1 reactivation in the oral mucosa of seropositive patients.

PURPOSE: Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a member of the human herpes virus family. Most of the population (90%) has antibodies to HSV-1, and as many as 40% of these individuals may develop secondary herpes. Shedding of HSV-1 in the oral mucosa can be induced by many factors, including stress, sunlight, menstruation, and physical trauma. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of dental surgical procedures on HSV-1 shedding in the oral mucosa. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The case group comprised 48 patients undergoing third molar extraction (case group) and 48 patients undergoing conventional restorative procedures (control group). All of the patients were IgG-positive for HSV-1. Oral swabs were performed before and 1 week after the procedures to investigate HSV-1 reactivation by nested polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The frequency of positive oral swabs to HSV-1 in the group that underwent surgery (4.2%) was not statistically different from that in the control group (2.1%). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that oral surgical trauma does not have a significant impact on HSV-1 shedding in the oral mucosa.

A rare complication of idiopathic osteosclerosis.

Idiopathic osteosclerosis (IO) is described as a localized no expansible radiopacity with unknown etiology. The IO is generally asymptomatic and could appear as round, elliptical or irregular in shape. The internal aspect is usually uniformly radiopaque. IO should be distinguished from condensing osteitis of dental origin, or other alveolar bone related radiopacities such as periapical cemental dysplasia. This condition may cause changes in tooth position or problems during orthodontic treatment. The purpose of the present study is to report a case of tooth resorption caused by ectopic eruption rote caused by IO. This condition represents a rare complication of IO.

A rare complication of idiopathic osteosclerosis

No disponible

Idiopathic osteosclerosis (IO) is described as a localized no expansible radiopacity with unknown etiology. The IO is generally asymptomatic and could appear as round, elliptical or irregular in shape. The internal aspect is usually uni- formly radiopaque. IO should be distinguished from condensing osteitis of dental origin, or other alveolar bone related radiopacities such as periapical cemental dysplasia. This condition may cause changes in tooth position or problems during orthodontic treatment. The purpose of the present study is to report a case of tooth resorption caused by ectopic eruption rote caused by IO. This condition represents a rare complication of IO