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1.
Rev. bras. ciênc. mov ; 27(1): 90-98, jan.-mar.2019. ilus, fig
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-998448

ABSTRACT

Os baixos níveis de atividade física e a obesidade na população adolescente têm requerido estratégias urgentes em saúde pública, pois são potenciais fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os indicadores antropométricos de obesidade em adolescentes, considerando diferentes formas de deslocamento para a escola. Trata-se de uma pesquisa epidemiológica, de delineamento transversal, conduzida em 818 adolescentes (375 rapazes e 443 moças) com média de idade de 16,3±1,0 anos, estudantes do ensino médio de escolas públicas estaduais do município de São José-SC, Brasil. Os adolescentes informaram, por meio de questionário autoadministrado, como normalmente se deslocavam para a escola (a pé ­ considerado como deslocamento ativo ­ ou por meio de carro/moto ou ônibus ­ analisado como deslocamento passivo). Foram aferidas as medidas de massa corporal e estatura (para cálculo do IMC), perímetro da cintura e dobras cutâneas das regiões do tríceps e subescapular (considerando-se o somatório das duas dobras). Empregou-se o teste Kruskal-Wallis para comparar os indicadores antropométricos de obesidade entre os tipos de deslocamento realizados no percurso da residência para a escola. Os resultados apontaram que os adolescentes que se deslocavam ativamente para a escola apresentaram menores medidas de perímetro da cintura (p= 0,034). Entre os sexos, as menores medidas do somatório de dobras cutâneas e perímetro da cintura foram observadas, respectivamente, entre rapazes (p= 0,043) e moças (p= 0,009) que se deslocavam de maneira ativa para a escola. Conclui-se que, nos adolescentes investigados, as menores medidas da gordura corporal foram observadas entre aqueles que se deslocavam de maneira ativa, o que reforça a importância do deslocamento ativo como um hábito a ser considerado pelos escolares como um meio de melhorar seus indicadores antropométricos. Faz-se necessário, portanto, a implementação de políticas públicas que promovam o deslocamento ativo para a escola entre os adolescentes...(AU)


Obesity and low levels of physical activity among the adolescent population have been required urgent strategies in public health, since they are potential risk factors for the development of chronic non-communicable diseases. This study aimed to compare the anthropometric indicators of obesity in adolescents considering different forms of commuting to school. This is an epidemiological research, with a cross-sectional design, that included 818 adolescents (375 boys and 443 girls) with mean age of 16.3±1.0 years, who were high school students in state public schools of the city of São José-SC, Brazil. The adolescents reported, by means of a questionnaire self-administered, as they normally commuted to school (walking - considered as active commuting -or by means of car/bike or bus - considered as passive commuting). Body mass and height were measured (to calculate BMI), and also the waist circumference and skinfold thickness in the regions of the triceps and subscapular (considering the sum of the two folds). We used the Kruskal-Wallis test to compare the anthropometric indicators of obesity among the types of commuting undertaken in the course of the residence to school. The results showed that the adolescents who used active commuting to school had lower measures of waist circumference (p= 0.034). Between the sexes, smaller measures of sum of skinfolds and waist circumference were observd, respectively, among boys (p= 0.043) and girls (p= 0.009) that used active commuting to school. We concluded that, in the adolescents investigated, a healthier body composition among adolescents who used the active commuting from the residence to the school was observed, which reinforces the importance of active commuting as a behavior to be considered by the students and a way to improve levels of physical activity as well as their anthropometric indicators...(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Exercise , Anthropometry , Epidemiology , Adolescent Health , Obesity , Physical Education and Training
2.
J Microencapsul ; 35(2): 165-180, 2018 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29513057

ABSTRACT

Orange essential oil was microencapsulated by complex coacervation with whey protein isolate (WPI): carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), WPI:sodium alginate (SA) and WPI:chitosan (CH). Effect of pH, protein:polysaccharide ratio and solid concentration on coacervation efficiency were selected for the best coacervation conditions. Tannic acid (TA), sodium tripolyphosphate, oxidised tannic acid and transglutaminase enzyme (TG) were used as cross-linking agents. Highest encapsulation efficiency (EE) for wet coacervated microcapsules ranged from 88% to 94%. Microcapsules were freeze and spray dried to evaluate their effect on its integrity. EE was higher than 80% in freeze dried coacervated microcapsules with and without cross-linking agent, but they formed a solid cake. Spray-dried samples formed a free fluid solid (10-20 µm), where the systems WPI:CMC and WPI:CH cross-linked with TA and TG, respectively showed the highest EE (47% and 50% respectively), representing 400% improvement compared to the samples without cross-linking.


Subject(s)
Cross-Linking Reagents/chemistry , Oils, Volatile/administration & dosage , Plant Oils/administration & dosage , Polysaccharides/chemistry , Whey Proteins/chemistry , Capsules/chemistry , Citrus sinensis/chemistry , Desiccation/methods , Drug Compounding/methods , Freeze Drying/methods , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Oxidation-Reduction , Plant Oils/chemistry , Polyphosphates/chemistry , Tannins/chemistry , Transglutaminases/chemistry
3.
Foodborne Pathog Dis ; 12(8): 704-11, 2015 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26217917

ABSTRACT

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the major pathogen responsible for neonatal diarrhea, postweaning diarrhea, and edema disease in pigs. Although it can be harmless, ETEC is also present in the intestines of other animal species and humans, causing occasional diarrhea outbreaks. The evaluation of this pathogen's presence in food sources is becoming an increasingly important issue in human health. In order to determine the prevalence of ETEC in nondiarrheic pigs, 990 animals from 11 pig farms were sampled. Using end-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), eltA, estI genes, or both, were detected in 150 (15.2%) animals. From the positive samples, 40 (26.6%) ETEC strains were isolated, showing 19 antibiotic-resistance patterns; 52.5% of these strains had multiple antibiotic resistances, and 17.5% carried the intI2 gene. The most prevalent genotypes were rfb(O157)/estII/aidA (32.5%) and estI/estII (25.0%). The estII gene was identified most frequently (97.5%), followed by estI (37.5%), astA (20.0%), and eltA (12.5%). The genes coding the fimbriae F5, F6, and F18 were detected in three single isolates. The aidA gene was detected in 20 ETEC strains associated with the estII gene. Among the isolated ETEC strains, stx(2e)/estI, stx(2e)/estI/estII, and stx(2e)/estI/estII/intI2 genotypes were identified. The ETEC belonged to 12 different serogroups; 37.5% of them belonged to serotype O157:H19. Isolates were grouped by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-PCR into 5 clusters with 100.0% similarity. In this study, we demonstrated that numerous ETEC genotypes cohabit and circulate in swine populations without clinical manifestation of neonatal diarrhea, postweaning diarrhea, or edema disease in different production stages. The information generated is important not only for diagnostic and epidemiological purposes, but also for understanding the dynamics and ecology of ETEC in pigs in different production stages that can be potentially transmitted to humans from food animals.


Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/analysis , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics , Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Genes, Bacterial , Red Meat/microbiology , Animals , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Diarrhea/microbiology , Diarrhea/veterinary , Edema Disease of Swine/microbiology , Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli/drug effects , Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli/genetics , Escherichia coli Proteins/genetics , Food Contamination , Food Microbiology , Genotyping Techniques , Red Meat/analysis , Swine , Swine Diseases/microbiology
4.
Vet. Méx ; 39(3): 279-321, jul.-sep. 2008. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-632886

ABSTRACT

Idiopathic epilepsy (IE) and other convulsive disorders represent at least 14% of neurological consultations in veterinary medicine. In spite of this, there is a gap in the information usually handled by the small animal clinician, because the pathophysiological aspects of this disease are still not completely understood. Since there is no specific method for diagnosing IE, exclusion criteria are used to reach diagnosis. Although the electroencephalogram (EEG) can provide diagnostic elements, abnormalities in the EEG record are not always found. Pharmacologic treatment options are reduced and not void of ad verse effects. The possibility of encountering IE refractory to antiseizure pharmacological treatment is high and it has been concluded that non pharmacological treatment options should be explored through systematic clinical studies. Up to date, early diagnosis, appropriate pharmacological treatment, owners' education and a combination with non pharmacological options represent the only way to improve prognosis for dogs with IE.


La epilepsia idiopática (EI), así como otras enfermedades convulsivas representan al menos 14% de las consultas neurológicas en la medicina veterinaria. A pesar de esto último, se reconoce que existe un vacío en la información que maneja el clínico especialista en pequeñas especies porque aún no se han elucidado todos los aspectos patofisiológicos de ese padecimiento. Debido a que no existe un método diagnóstico específico, se llega a él por exclusión. Aunque el electroencefalograma (EEG) brinda algunos elementos diagnósticos no siempre se tiene la fortuna de ubicar anormalidades en el registro. Las alternativas terapéuticas farmacológicas son reducidas y no carentes de efectos adversos. Es mucha la posibilidad de encontrar EI refractaria al tratamiento farmacológico y se ha concluido que deben evaluarse las alternativas de tratamiento no farmacológico mediante estudios clínicos sistemáticos. El diagnóstico temprano, la instauración de un tratamiento farmacológico, la educación de los propietarios de animales y la combinación con terapias no farmacológicas representan a la fecha la única forma de mejorar el pronóstico de perros afectados con EI.

5.
Rev. Hosp. Matern. Infant. Ramon Sarda ; 17(3): 110-20, 1998. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-219067

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Evaluar la cobertura, control de llenado y resultados perinatales del Sistema Informático Perinatal (S.I.P.) implementado en la Maternidad Sardá desde 1988. Diseño: Observacional, longitudinal y retrospectivo. Población: 64.653 Historias clínicas perinatales base (HCPB) del S.I.P. (v. Agustina) almacenadas desde el 1-1-88 al 31-12-97. Resultados: La cobertura alcanzó al 97 por ciento y la falta de llenado al 5 por ciento. La media (ñDS) de partos fue de 6.659ñ586 y la de cesárea del 17,9 por ciento -incremento en la década del 12,7 por ciento (p=0,0000). 32,2 por ciento de las embarazadas presentaron alguna patología (amenaza del parto prematuro 8,0 por ciento) y el 25 por ciento nunca controló su gestación. La prematurez (EG mayor o igual 36 sem; promedio=11,4 por ciento) se incrementó el 18,6 por ciento (p=0,090), el BP (promedio=8,92 por ciento) declinó el 10,8 por ciento (p=0,001) y el MBP (promedio=1,57 por ciento) disminuyó el 30 por ciento (p=0,002). El puntaje de Apgar al 5' mayor o igual a 6 declinó el 60 por ciento (p=0,00000). La tasa de mortalidad fetal (TMF) disminuyó el 45,2 por ciento (1977: 5,7 por ciento o, p=0,00000), la neonatal precoz (TMNP) el 42,2 por ciento (1977: 6,7 por ciento); p=0,00001) y la perinatal (TMP) el 44 por ciento (p=0,00000). Excluyendo <1000 g se observó un comportamiento similar y la razón TMN/MBP declinó el 30 por ciento (promedio=0,75). En embarazos finalizados al término (EG mayor o igual a 37 sem) la TMF (1997: 3.0 por ciento o) disminuyó el 25 por ciento (p=0,028), la TMNP (1997: 2,0 por ciento) el 10,7 por ciento (p=0,51) y la TMP (1977: 5,1 por ciento o) el 19,5 por ciento (p=0,0032). Conclusiones: el S.I.P. como sistema de vigilancia epidemiológica continua, permitió identificar la población asistida, evaluar la asistencia, categorizar problemas y constituirse en un banco de datos regional extremadamente útil para planificar la atención de la madre y su hijo. Al alcanzarse una elevada sobrevida, más del 50 por ciento de la Mortalidad Neonatal (MN) estuvo constituída por las malformaciones congénitas.


Subject(s)
Epidemiology , Medical Records Systems, Computerized , Perinatology , Hospitals, Maternity
6.
Rev. Hosp. Matern. Infant. Ramon Sarda ; 17(3): 110-20, 1998. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-17842

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Evaluar la cobertura, control de llenado y resultados perinatales del Sistema Informático Perinatal (S.I.P.) implementado en la Maternidad Sardá desde 1988. Diseño: Observacional, longitudinal y retrospectivo. Población: 64.653 Historias clínicas perinatales base (HCPB) del S.I.P. (v. Agustina) almacenadas desde el 1-1-88 al 31-12-97. Resultados: La cobertura alcanzó al 97 por ciento y la falta de llenado al 5 por ciento. La media (ñDS) de partos fue de 6.659ñ586 y la de cesárea del 17,9 por ciento -incremento en la década del 12,7 por ciento (p=0,0000). 32,2 por ciento de las embarazadas presentaron alguna patología (amenaza del parto prematuro 8,0 por ciento) y el 25 por ciento nunca controló su gestación. La prematurez (EG mayor o igual 36 sem; promedio=11,4 por ciento) se incrementó el 18,6 por ciento (p=0,090), el BP (promedio=8,92 por ciento) declinó el 10,8 por ciento (p=0,001) y el MBP (promedio=1,57 por ciento) disminuyó el 30 por ciento (p=0,002). El puntaje de Apgar al 5 mayor o igual a 6 declinó el 60 por ciento (p=0,00000). La tasa de mortalidad fetal (TMF) disminuyó el 45,2 por ciento (1977: 5,7 por ciento o, p=0,00000), la neonatal precoz (TMNP) el 42,2 por ciento (1977: 6,7 por ciento); p=0,00001) y la perinatal (TMP) el 44 por ciento (p=0,00000). Excluyendo <1000 g se observó un comportamiento similar y la razón TMN/MBP declinó el 30 por ciento (promedio=0,75). En embarazos finalizados al término (EG mayor o igual a 37 sem) la TMF (1997: 3.0 por ciento o) disminuyó el 25 por ciento (p=0,028), la TMNP (1997: 2,0 por ciento) el 10,7 por ciento (p=0,51) y la TMP (1977: 5,1 por ciento o) el 19,5 por ciento (p=0,0032). Conclusiones: el S.I.P. como sistema de vigilancia epidemiológica continua, permitió identificar la población asistida, evaluar la asistencia, categorizar problemas y constituirse en un banco de datos regional extremadamente útil para planificar la atención de la madre y su hijo. Al alcanzarse una elevada sobrevida, más del 50 por ciento de la Mortalidad Neonatal (MN) estuvo constituída por las malformaciones congénitas. (AU)


Subject(s)
Medical Records Systems, Computerized , Perinatology , Epidemiology , Hospitals, Maternity
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