ABSTRACT
Breast hemangioma is a rare tumor and when small, it may be difficult to diagnose using conventional imaging techniques. In this report the MR appearance is described with histopathological correlation.
Subject(s)
Breast Diseases/pathology , Choristoma/pathology , Hamartoma/pathology , Axilla , Biopsy, Fine-Needle , Female , Humans , Middle AgedABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine the acute and short-term adverse effects of a liposome-encapsulated form of cisplatin at increasing dosages of up to twice the known maximally tolerated dose (MTD) of unencapsulated cisplatin in clinically normal dogs. ANIMALS: 4 healthy 2.5-year-old sexually intact female hound-type dogs. PROCEDURE: 4 dosages (70, 100, 125, and 150 mg/m2) were evaluated, and the 4 dogs received a total of 9 infusions (1 to 3 infusions/dog). Dogs were monitored to detect changes in clinical and clinicopathologic status. Evaluations consisting of a physical examination, CBC, serum biochemical analysis, and urinalysis were performed before and 7 and 21 days after each infusion. RESULTS: Acute anaphylactic-like reactions to liposome-encapsulated cisplatin were common but clinically manageable. Nephrotoxicosis and substantial myelosuppression, toxic effects commonly associated with unencapsulated cisplatin, were not observed in dogs treated with liposome-encapsulated cisplatin at dosages equivalent to twice the known MTD of unencapsulated cisplatin. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Liposome-encapsulated cisplatin can be safely administered to clinically normal dogs at dosages of up to 150 mg/m2 without the need for concurrent hydration protocols. This was a necessary prerequisite to enable phase I clinical trials in dogs with naturally developing cancers that could theoretically benefit from escalation in the dosage of cisplatin. Determination of an MTD, cumulative and long-term toxic effects, and efficacy can now be conducted in the context of phase I trials in tumor-bearing dogs.
Subject(s)
Cisplatin/administration & dosage , Cisplatin/pharmacology , Dogs/physiology , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/veterinary , Animals , Blood Chemical Analysis/veterinary , Body Constitution/drug effects , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Hematologic Tests/veterinary , Liposomes , Maximum Tolerated Dose , Urinalysis/veterinaryABSTRACT
Feline vaccine-associated sarcoma (VAS) is a biologically aggressive soft-tissue sarcoma that can develop at sites where inactivated feline vaccines have been administered. We showed that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and its receptor (PDGFR) play a role in the growth of VAS cells. The presence of PDGFR-beta was confirmed in each of five VAS cell lines evaluated, one non-vaccine-associated feline fibrosarcoma (FSA) cell line and a feline fibroblast-derived cell line. The PDGF/PDGFR signaling pathway was inhibited in the VAS cell lines and the FSA cell line using the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate (formerly called STI-571). Imatinib inhibited PDGF-BB-induced autophosphorylation of PDGFR in VAS cells and feline FSA cells in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. Imatinib also significantly inhibited growth of feline VAS tumors in a murine xenograft model. Imatinib reversed the protective effect of PDGF-BB on growth inhibition by doxorubicin and carboplatin. PDGF-BB protected VAS cells from serum starvation and doxorubicin-induced apoptosis but not carboplatin-induced apoptosis, and imatinib eliminated this protection. These observations suggest that imatinib inhibits PDGFR tyrosine kinase activity in feline soft tissue sarcomas in vitro and inhibits tumor growth in a xenograft model.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Cat Diseases/drug therapy , Piperazines/pharmacology , Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/pharmacology , Pyrimidines/pharmacology , Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/drug effects , Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/physiology , Sarcoma/drug therapy , Sarcoma/veterinary , Animals , Apoptosis , Benzamides , Cat Diseases/pathology , Cats , Imatinib Mesylate , Mice , Mice, Nude , Neoplasms, Experimental , Sarcoma/pathology , Signal Transduction , Transplantation, Heterologous , Tumor Cells, Cultured , Vaccines/adverse effectsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) has been demonstrated as a reliable, non-invasive means of biliary tract imaging among patients with suspected choledocholithiasis. The aim of this study was to establish the impact of intravenous glucagon administration (IVGA) upon visualisation of the common bile duct (CBD) and ampulla of Vater during MRCP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-two consecutive, non-diabetic subjects with a working diagnosis of symptomatic choledocholithiasis were scanned, pre- and post-IVGA using the half-Fourier, single shot, turbo-spin-echo (HASTE) sequence. Maximum intensity projections (optimised for the extra-hepatic biliary tree and ampulla of Vater) were reviewed blindly by three consultant radiologists. The CBD images were graded (0-3) according to the length of duct seen. The ampullary images were graded according to whether to it was visualised clearly (1), or not (0). RESULTS: Following IVGA the CBD was visualised at grade 3 (75-100% of length seen) in 14 additional patients compared with images prior to IVGA. Furthermore, ampullary visualisation was considered diagnostic in 18 additional patients post-IVGA. No glucagon-associated adverse effects were observed. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that IVGA improved visualisation of the CBD and ampulla of Vater during magnetic resonance cholangiopanctreatography. This may reduce the requirement for repeat investigation or recourse to invasive diagnostic procedures (e.g. endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)).
