ABSTRACT
Extra- and intracellular recording of the cerebral cortical actions of close-arterially injected serotonin (5HT) and LSD in the cat shows them to be powerful synaptic inhibitors. They are specifically and differentially blocked by chlorpromazine (CPZ). The membrane parameters including spike generation, polarization, transmembrane conductance, and IPSPs show that all three produce qualitatively identical changes, which must, therefore, be presumed to act on the same receptors with block by CPZ taking place because of competitive inhibition. The relation of these neuronal membrane findings to the characteristic actions of LSD and CPZ in mental disturbance is considered in relation to a general concept of cerebral synaptic dysfunction.
Subject(s)
Cerebral Cortex/drug effects , Chlorpromazine/pharmacology , Lysergic Acid Diethylamide/pharmacology , Serotonin/pharmacology , Synaptic Membranes/drug effects , Animals , Cats , Glycine/pharmacology , Lysergic Acid Diethylamide/antagonists & inhibitors , Male , Membrane Potentials/drug effects , Neurons/drug effects , Serotonin Antagonists , gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/pharmacologySubject(s)
Conditioning, Operant , Heroin Dependence/therapy , Methadone/administration & dosage , Reinforcement Schedule , Administration, Oral , Adult , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Female , Humans , Male , Methadone/therapeutic use , Methods , Reward , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Study of the competition between hallucinogens and tranquilizers at cerebral synapses and on behavior in various species of animals indicates a continuum of effects from protection to dominance of tranquilizer toxicity as the dose of tranquilizer increases. Data on cat and monkey behavior, supplementing that on the rat, show that it is possible to arrive at a tranquilizer dose that can aggravate instead of protect, in accord with the competitive inhibitory nature of the interaction of hallucinogen and tranquilizer.
Subject(s)
Brain/drug effects , Chlorpromazine/pharmacology , Lysergic Acid Diethylamide/pharmacology , Synapses/drug effects , Animals , Cats , Chlorpromazine/administration & dosage , Conditioning, Psychological/drug effects , Depression, Chemical , Drug Synergism , Haplorhini , Humans , Lysergic Acid Diethylamide/administration & dosage , Psychoses, Substance-Induced , Receptors, Drug , Synaptic Transmission/drug effectsSubject(s)
Brain/drug effects , Synapses/drug effects , Animals , Avoidance Learning/drug effects , Behavior, Animal/drug effects , Brain/enzymology , Brain Chemistry/drug effects , Cats , Cerebral Cortex/drug effects , Chlorpromazine/pharmacology , Conditioning, Classical/drug effects , Conflict, Psychological , Dogs , Evoked Potentials/drug effects , Haplorhini , Humans , Lysergic Acid Diethylamide/pharmacology , Mental Disorders/physiopathology , Neurotransmitter Agents/physiology , Perception/drug effects , Serotonin/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Dimethoxyphenylethylamine, like mescaline which it resembles, impairs cerebral synaptic transmission and behavior in cats. It has properties associated with hallucinogens and, on this score, qualifies as a potential inducer of psychosis. The idea of such an endogenous inducer is thus reaffirmed by the candidacy of dimethoxyphenylethylamine.
