ABSTRACT
La enfermedad cardiovascular incide de manera más precoz y presenta mayor mortalidad en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. El Programa de prevención y control de la Enfermedad Vascular Aterosclerótica de Canarias recomienda la realización anual de diferentes cribados en estos pacientes para la detección precoz y prevención de complicaciones. La consulta de valoración integral del paciente con diabetes tipo 2, liderada por una enfermera especialista en Enfermería Familiar y Comunitaria realiza, en una única visita, las actividades de prevención incluidas en este programa, mejorando los indicadores de proceso. Este nuevo modelo de organización mejora notablemente el desarrollo de actividades de prevención y detección precoz de complicaciones. (AU)
Cardiovascular disease affects earlier and presents higher mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. The Program for the Prevention and Control of Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease of the Canary Islands recommends carrying out different annual screenings in these patients for early detection and prevention of complications. The Comprehensive Assessment Consultation for patient with type 2 diabetes, led by a nurse specailized in Family and Community Nursing, carries out, in a single visit, the prevention activities included in this program, improving process indicators. This new oraginzational model significantly improves the development of prevention activities and early detection of complications. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Diabetes Mellitus/prevention & control , Diabetes Mellitus/therapy , Primary Health Care/methods , Chronic Disease/prevention & control , Chronic Disease/therapyABSTRACT
This work studies the binaries of 1-butyl-X-methylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate [bXmpy][BF4] (X = 2, 3, and 4) with four 1,ω-dichloroalkanes, ω = 1-4, using the results obtained for the mixing properties h(E) and v(E) at two temperatures. The three isomers of the ionic liquid (IL) are weakly miscible with the 1,ω-dichloroalkanes when ω ≥ 5 and moderately soluble for ω = 4. The v(E)s of all the binaries present contractive effects, v(E) < 0, which are more pronounced with increasing temperature; the variation in v(E) with ω is positive, although this changes after ω = 4 due to problems of immiscibility. The energetic effects of the mixing process are exothermic in the solutions with the shorter dichloroalkanes, ω = 1 and 2, and this effect increases slightly with temperature. However, mildly exothermic effects are found in the binaries with larger halides, where (dh(E)/dT) > 0. The experimental data are correlated with a suitable equation. The study is completed with (1)H NMR measurements of both the pure compounds and some of the solutions, which showed minor diamagnetic shifts with increasing IL compositions, related to the anisotropy of the pyridine ring. The variation in h(E) with ω for a same IL, due to an increase in the contact surfaces, is related to the reduction in polarity which, in turn, depends on the smaller chemical shifts of the pure dihalide compounds. The COSMO-RS method determines the energetic effects of the mixing process and predicts an exothermic contribution for the electrostatic Misfit-interaction which is quantitatively very similar for the three IL isomers. The differences proposed by the model are mainly reflected in the van der Waals interactions, which are exothermic and clearly influenced by the position of the methylene group in the IL. The contribution made by hydrogen bonds is negligible.
