ABSTRACT
Durante la temporada 2017-2018 y siguiendo el protocolo de la Sociedad Internacional para el Avance de la Cineantropometría, se evaluó la composición corporal el somatotipo y proporcionalidad de 25 jugadoras españolas de elite de 15-18 años (15,48 ± 1,05). El porcentaje de grasa corporal (%GC) analizado por antropometría estuvo en un rango de 14,21% - 17,30 % y mediante BIA entre 24,20%-29,63%. La menor adiposidad correspondió a jugadoras de banda y la mayor a porteras y delanteras. El somatotipo medio fue 3,67-4,10-1,90 para el conjunto de la muestra; En la categoría sub-18 (3,10-4,33-1,82) la dispersión somatotípica fue menor y la mesomorfia mayor que en la categoría Sub 16 (3,20-3,97-1,95). En análisis de proporcionalidad, mostro que las jugadoras, sobre todo las Sub18, presentan menores pliegues subcutáneos y mayores perímetros en la extremidad inferior que el modelo Phantom. (AU)
During the 2017-2018 season and following the protocol of the International Society for the Advancement of Kineanthropometry, the body composition, somatotype and proportionality of 25 female elite Spanish soccers players aged 15-18 were evaluated (15.48 ± 1.05). The percentage of body fat (%BF) analyzed by anthropometry was in the range of 14.21% - 17.30% and by BIA between 24.20%- 29.63%. The lowest adiposity corresponded to female wing players and the highest to female goalkeepers and strikers. The average somatotype was 3.67-4.10-1.90 for the whole sample; in the under 18 years category (3.10-4.33-1.82) the somatotypic dispersion was lower and the mesomorphia higher than in the under 16 years category (3.20-3.97-1.95). In proportionality analysis, it showed that the players, especially the under 18 players, had lower subcutaneous skinfolds and higher perimeters in the lower limb than the Phanton model. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Soccer , Kinanthropometry , Body Composition , Body Fat DistributionABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) can only be applied to children under 5 years of age and does not contemplate obesity. The aim of this study was to propose an Extended CIAF (ECIAF) that combines the characterization of malnutrition due to undernutrition and excess weight, and apply it in six Argentine provinces. DESIGN: ECIAF excludes children not in anthropometric failure (group A) and was calculated from a percentage of children included in malnutrition categories B: wasting only; C: wasting and underweight; D: wasting, stunting and underweight; E: stunting and underweight; F: stunting only; Y: underweight only; G: only weight excess; and H: stunting and weight excess. SETTING: Cross-sectional study conducted in Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chubut, Jujuy, Mendoza and Misiones (Argentina). PARTICIPANTS: 10 879 children of both sexes aged between 3 and 13·99. RESULTS: ECIAF in preschool children (3 to 4·99 years) was 15·1 %. The highest prevalence was registered in Mendoza (16·7 %) and the lowest in Misiones (12·0 %). In school children (5 to 13·99 years) ECIAF was 28·6 %. Mendoza also recorded the highest rate (30·7 %), while Catamarca and Chubut had the lowest values (27·0 %). In the whole sample, about 25 % of the malnutrition was caused by undernutrition and 75 % by excess weight. CONCLUSIONS: The ECIAF summarizes anthropometric failure by both deficiency and excess weight and it highlights that a quarter of the malnutrition in the Argentine population was caused by undernutrition, although there are differences between Provinces (P < 0·05). ECIAF estimates are higher than those of CIAF or under-nutrition.
Subject(s)
Nutritional Status/physiology , Adolescent , Anthropometry , Argentina/epidemiology , Child , Child Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Child Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Growth Disorders/epidemiology , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
Subcutaneous fat skinfolds represent a reliable assessment instrument of adiposity status. This study provides current percentile references for four subcutaneous skinfolds (biceps, triceps, subscapular, suprailiac) applicable to children and adolescents in Spain and in Latin American countries where data are scarce. The design consisted of a cross-sectional multicenter study performed with identical methods in 5 countries (Argentina, Cuba, Mexico, Spain and Venezuela). Total sample comprised 9163 children and youths (boys 4615 - girls 4548) aged 6-18 years, healthy and without apparent pathologies. Percentiles 3, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 90, 95 and 97 were calculated by the LMS method. Sexual dimorphism was assessed using the t-test and age differences with ANOVA. Normalized growth percentile references were obtained according to sex and age for each skinfold. The mean values of four skinfolds were significantly greater in girls than boys (p<0.001) and, in both sexes, all skinfolds show statistical differences through age (p<0.001) with different magnitudes. Except triceps in girls, peaks between 11 and 12 years of age are more noticeable in boys than in girls. Although the general model of growth is known, the skinfold measurements show variability among populations and differences of magnitude are presented according to the analyzed population. Therefore, these age and sex-specific reference percentile values for biceps, triceps, subscapular and suprailiac skinfolds, derived from a large sample of Spanish and Latin American children and adolescents, are a useful tool for adiposity diagnosis in this population for which no reference values were available.
Subject(s)
Skinfold Thickness , Subcutaneous Fat/growth & development , Adiposity , Adolescent , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Latin America , Male , Reference Values , Spain , Subcutaneous Fat/anatomy & histologyABSTRACT
Introducción: Los procesos migratorios se asocian a modificaciones en los hábitos alimentarios que influyen en el estado nutricional de los individuos. Estos cambios pueden tener diferentes consecuencias en función de las circunstancias y los condicionantes socioculturales sobretodo en el caso de niños y adolescentes que aún no han concluido su etapa de crecimiento y desarrollo. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los cambios en los hábitos alimentarios asociados a la migración en una muestra de adolescentes de origen marroquí residentes en Madrid, comparando los indicadores antropométricos de su estado nutricional con otra muestra de adolescentes residentes en Ouarzazate, Marruecos. Material y Métodos: La muestra marroquí fue recogida en 2007 está formada por 327 adolescentes(135 varones y 192 mujeres) entre los 15 y 19 (..) (AU)
Introduction: Migration processes are associated with changes in dietary patterns that influence the nutritional status of individuals. These changes may have different consequences depending on the circumstances and sociocultural conditions, especially in the case of children and adolescents who have not completed their period of growth and development. Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze changes in dietary patterns associated with migration ina sample of adolescents of Moroccan origin living in Madrid, comparing anthropometric indicators of nutritional status with another sample of adolescents residing in Ouarzazate, Morocco. Material and Methods: The Moroccan sample was collected in 2007 and is composed by 327 adolescents (..) (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Nutritional Status , Feeding Behavior , Human Migration/trends , Emigrants and Immigrants/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent Behavior , Adolescent Nutrition , Feeding Behavior , Nutrition SurveysABSTRACT
España es un buen ejemplo para ilustrar el efecto de la Transición Nutricional ya que ha experimentado cambios sociales y económicos muy rápidos durante el siglo XX. En este artículo se debaten la evolución del comportamiento alimentario y las variaciones en el consumo energético y el perfil de la dieta. Con posterioridad, se analiza la repercusión de dicho proceso sobre la biología y la salud de los españoles, haciendo especial énfasis en el incremento secular de la estatura y en el aumento de la obesidad y las patologías cardiovasculares (AU)
Spain is a good example to illustrate the effect of the Nutrition Transition, because it is a country that has experimented very fast social and economic changes during the twentieth century. This paper discusses the evolution of eating behaviour and variations in energy intake and diet profile. Subsequently, we analyse the impact of this process, on the biology and health of the Spanish population, with special emphasis on the secular trend of height and the increase of obesity and cardiovascular diseases (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology , Feeding Behavior , Feeding Behavior , Nutritional Transition , Nutritional Requirements , Social Change , Food PreferencesABSTRACT
Menarcheal age of a sample of rural (n = 342) and urban (n = 469) girls with ages ranging from 9 to 16 years from Madrid province was analysed. Results, obtained through the status quo method and probit analysis (age 12.79 SD 1.04 in Madrid city and 12.90 SD 1.03 in rural sample), were compared with data from previous studies carried out in the same area, as well as those from other regions of the Iberian Peninsula. The aim of these comparisons was to establish the variability of menarche in the recent past, considering physical environment, degree of urbanization and socio-economic development. Decline in menarcheal age was detected and, in general, a tendency towards similar means among Spanish populations in the period studied.
Subject(s)
Menarche , Adolescent , Age of Onset , Child , Female , Humans , Rural Population , Spain , Urban PopulationABSTRACT
Body composition components are considered in a cross-sectional sample of 2564 children (age range 6-14 years) from Central Spain. The sample was divided depending on rural or urban residence. Weight, and skinfold at the triceps, biceps, subscapular and suprailiac site were measured. Body composition was represented by percentage fat (%F), lean body mass (LBM), fat mass (FM) and sum of skinfolds (SSK). Sex differences were found to be highly significant for all variables and rural-urban differences were small. Rural boys show slightly larger fat content, in %F, FM and SSK, than their urban peers, but significant (p < 0.05) differences appear only for SSK. No statistically significant environmental effect was found for LBM. The improvement of living conditions, the urban influence on the rural area and the degree of urbanization of the urban settlement are suggested as the main determinants influencing obtained results.
Subject(s)
Body Composition , Body Constitution , Adolescent , Body Mass Index , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Rural Population , Skinfold Thickness , Spain , Urban PopulationABSTRACT
The variation in the third component of human complement (C3) and orosomucoid (ORM1) serum proteins, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), adenosine deaminase (ADA), esterase D (ESD), and acid phosphatase (ACP1) red cell enzymes was examined in two samples from autochthonous populations living on either side of the Sierra de Gredos range in Central Spain. These results support only a moderate differentiation between Gredos subpopulations, which is discussed in relation to other Iberian Peninsula groups. Allele frequencies in Gredos show a remarkable heterogeneity as contrasted with other Iberian populations for most of the markers examined; relatively high C3*S, ORM1*F, ADA*1, ESD*2, and ACP1*C gene frequencies are characteristics of Gredos samples. This differentiation was more marked for the Northern Gredos population and could be related to the geographical peculiarities of this region.
