Evaluation of direct curve comparison metrics applied to pharmacokinetic profiles and relative bioavailability and bioequivalence.

PURPOSE: The intent was to investigate three direct curve comparison metrics, the Rescigno Index, f1, and the Chinchilli Metric as tools to assess relative bioavailability (BA) and bioequivalence (BE). The specific objectives were to 1) estimate relative bioavailability and bioequivalence and 2) compare detection of profile shape differences with typical (i.e. AUC and Cmax) criteria. METHODS: Product bioequivalence was estimated and the degree of concordance with typical criteria in detecting profile differences was determined from the eighteen bioequivalence studies (390 subjects). Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out on the concordant and discordant profile subsets. RESULTS: 1) Three of the eighteen studies failed typical criteria (AUC and Cmax). Of the curve metrics, 12 studies failed the Chinchilli metric criteria and 13 failed f1 criteria. Using three different exponents in the Rescigno Index calculation, 17 (exponent = 3), 13 (exponent = 1), and 11 (exponent = 1/3) failed the criteria for bioequivalence. The frequency of profiles found to be different was comparable across the metrics, but the specific profiles found to be different or not different varied across the metrics. The Chinchilli Metric and f1 agreed 71% and 72% with typical criteria in judging profiles to be different or not different. Descriptive evaluation suggested that the direct curve metrics more effectively detect differences in absorption time lags but less effectively detect differences in Cmax. The Rescigno Index showed dependence on the direction of the difference between test and reference concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: With the limits used here, the direct curve metrics represent a more conservative approach to evaluate product bioequivalence. With further investigation and development, the direct curve approach may be used effectively to evaluate relative BA and BE.

3 Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-isomerase activity in bovine adrenocortical cells in culture: lack of response to ACTH treatment.

Primary cultures of bovine adrenocortical cells (BAC) were used to determine whether the adrenal microsomal 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-isomerase complex (3 beta-HSD), like the 17 alpha-hydroxylase (17-OHase), responded to ACTH treatment with an increase in activity. Both enzymes influence the steroidogenic path leading to 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone formation and thus could affect adrenal androgen biosynthesis. 3 beta-HSD Activity in postmitochondrial supernatant fluid, homogenates or cell monolayers remained unchanged after cells had been maintained in 1 microM ACTH up to 48 h. Since ACTH exposure led to a marked increase in 17-OHase activity over the same time period, it is concluded that, under the conditions used, the 3 beta-HSD-isomerase complex in BAC is nonresponsive to tropic hormone treatment.