ABSTRACT
Complex interrelationships exist between hyperlipidemia and the progression of renal injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of high plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels on renal structure and the effects of atorvastatin on progression-regression of renal injury. One-hundred chickens were divided into five groups: Group A: Standard diet (SD) for 6 months; Group B: Hyperlipidemic diet (HD) for 6 months; Group C: HD for three months and SD during the next 3 months; Group D: HD for 3 months and SD during the next 3 months, when they received oral atorvastatin (3 mg/kg/d); Group E: HD for the whole 6 months, and atorvastatin (3 mg/kg/d) during the last 3 months. Increased alpha-actine immunostaining was found in glomeruli of groups B and C. An important decrease of immunostaining was observed in glomeruli of atorvastatin treated groups. Group D showed the lowest value for presence of lipids, and significant differences were found with respect to the rest of the groups. The glomeruli of group B presented the highest damage grades and those of group D showed the lowest grades and presented significant differences from the rest of the groups. The combination of atorvastatin therapy and proper diet proved to be effective in promoting renal disease regression. However, the study of several parameters indicates that neither only diet nor atorvastatin in the progression group resulted completely effective in decreasing the progression of the disease.
Subject(s)
Anticholesteremic Agents/therapeutic use , Heptanoic Acids/therapeutic use , Hyperlipidemias/drug therapy , Kidney Diseases/drug therapy , Pyrroles/therapeutic use , Animals , Atorvastatin , Chickens , Disease Models, Animal , Disease Progression , Drug Administration Schedule , Hyperlipidemias/complications , Hyperlipidemias/pathology , Kidney Diseases/etiology , Kidney Diseases/pathology , Kidney Glomerulus/drug effects , Kidney Glomerulus/metabolism , Kidney Glomerulus/ultrastructure , Kidney Tubules/drug effects , Kidney Tubules/metabolism , Kidney Tubules/ultrastructure , Lipids/blood , MaleABSTRACT
Introducción. La enfermedad grasa del hígado no alcohólica (EGHNA) se asocia a patología vascular subsidiaria de ser tratada con estatinas, por ello creemos de interés desarrollar un modelo de esteatosis hepática en animales y valorar el efecto de la atorvastatina en la lesión hepática inducida, así como presentar métodos de evaluación macroscópica y microscópica de los grados de esteatosis. Métodos. Se emplearon pollos de la raza White-Leghorn, clasificados en 5 grupos experimentales con diferentes dietas y tratamiento con atorvastatina. Los hígados fueron valorados y clasificados macroscópica y microscópicamente en 4 grados de lesión. Resultados. En el presente trabajo se ha conseguido desarrollar un modelo de hígado graso inducido por una dieta aterogénica empleando el pollo como animal de experimentación. Conclusión. Se demuestra que este modelo es adecuado para el estudio de la esteatosis hepática. Además, se muestran dos métodos de valoración de los grados de lesión: macroscópico y microscópico. Se concluye que la valoración macroscópica es útil para una discriminación rápida del efecto de la dieta, observándose también una tendencia al efecto beneficioso de la atorvastatina aunque no sea estadísticamente significativa. La evaluación microscópica, basada en los depósitos lipídicos, completa este estudio dando un mayor detalle de los grados de lesión, especialmente en los grados de lesión intermedios. Por este análisis microscópico se demuestra una reducción de la lesión hepática en los grupos tratados con atorvastatina. La combinación de los dos métodos, macroscópico y microscópico, es de gran utilidad para las valoraciones de los grados de lesión de esteatosis hepática (AU)
Introduction. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is commonly associated with vascular disease secondary to statin therapy. Therefore, the development of a hepatic steatosis animal model could be useful to evaluate the effect of atorvastatin on induced hepatic lesions, as well as to provide macroscopic and microscopic methods for evaluating hepatic steatosis. Methods. White Leghorn chickens were used, classified into five experimental groups, with different protocols of atorvastatin therapy and diets. Livers were assessed by means of macroscopic and microscopic analysis and classified into four grades of lesions. Results-conclusions. The chicken is useful and suitable as an animal model of hepatic steatosis induced by an atherogenic diet. Two methods of assessment are described: macroscopic and microscopic analysis. It was concluded that macroscopic evaluation rapidly identifies the effect of diet; atorvastatin showed a beneficial effect, although this was not statistically significant. Histological analysis (by evaluation of lipidic deposits) provided a more detailed classification of the grades of lesion, especially in intermediate grades. The histological analysis showed a decrease in the severity of induced hepatic lesions in atorvastatin-treated groups. The combination of the two evaluation methods (macroscopic and microscopic) was useful for determining the grades of severity of hepatic steatosis (AU)
Subject(s)
Chick Embryo , Animals , Fatty Liver/complications , Fatty Liver/epidemiology , Fatty Liver/pathology , Hepatic Insufficiency/etiology , Hepatic Insufficiency/pathology , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Fatty Liver/etiology , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/metabolism , Diet, AtherogenicSubject(s)
Colitis, Ulcerative/complications , Intestinal Perforation/etiology , Mediastinal Emphysema/etiology , Subcutaneous Emphysema/etiology , Adult , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Combined Modality Therapy , Humans , Male , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy , Parenteral Nutrition , Retroperitoneal SpaceABSTRACT
Se recogen los niveles detectados en sangre postmortem y otras muestras forenses de moclobemida en 7 casos de intoxicación medicamentosa con intenciones suicidas. La causa de la muerte se atribuye a la posible intoxicación con uno o varios fármacos en pacientes depresivos. El análisis toxicológico se realizó por cromatografia de gases y espectrometría de masas. En todos los casos se alcanzan niveles superiores al nivel terapéutico de moclobemida (30, 8, 30, 47, 28, 62 y 12 ptg/ml) acompañados de otros, fármacos en concentraciones terapéuticas o tóxicas. También se determinan niveles en otras muestras biológicas como contenido gástrico, hígado y riñón (AU)
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Male , Middle Aged , Humans , Moclobemide/blood , Suicide , /diagnosis , Toxicity Tests/methods , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methodsABSTRACT
Lead poisoning has accompanied the human being throughout history. Owing to the increasing levels of safety at work, the incidence of occupational poisoning has decreased and new forms of non-occupational poisoning have emerged. We present 3 cases of drug addicts, with lead poisoning, as a result of using adulterated drugs. One of them was an intravenous drug addict who had abdominal pain and anemia. The other 2 inhaled heroin, one being slightly anemic and the other without symptoms and with normal hemoglobin levels. The drug adulterated with lead had not been previously recognized as a source of lead poisoning, being likely to cause serious epidemiological effects.
