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1.
Am J Med Genet A ; 194(2): 211-217, 2024 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37795572

ABSTRACT

Tatton-Brown-Rahman syndrome (TBRS) or DNMT3A-overgrowth syndrome is characterized by overgrowth and intellectual disability associated with minor dysmorphic features, obesity, and behavioral problems. It is caused by variants of the DNMT3A gene. We report four patients with this syndrome due to de novo DNMT3A pathogenic variants, contributing to a deeper understanding of the genetic basis and pathophysiology of this autosomal dominant syndrome. Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging assessments were also performed. All patients showed corpus callosum anomalies, small posterior fossa, and a deep left Sylvian fissure; as well as asymmetry of the uncinate and arcuate fascicles and marked increased cortical thickness. These results suggest that structural neuroimaging anomalies have been previously overlooked, where corpus callosum and brain tract alterations might be unrecognized neuroimaging traits of TBRS syndrome caused by DNMT3A variants.


Subject(s)
Abnormalities, Multiple , Intellectual Disability , Musculoskeletal Abnormalities , Humans , Intellectual Disability/diagnostic imaging , Intellectual Disability/genetics , DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases/genetics , DNA Methyltransferase 3A , Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics , Musculoskeletal Abnormalities/complications , Syndrome , Neuroimaging
2.
Mol Syndromol ; 13(2): 165-170, 2022 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35418825

ABSTRACT

Bi-allelic mutations in the TUBGCP4 gene have been recently associated with autosomal recessive microcephaly with chorioretinopathy. However, little is known about the genotype-phenotype characteristics of this disorder. Here, we describe a 5-year-old male patient with autism and a normal occipitofrontal circumference. No retinal abnormalities were observed. Brain MRI revealed the presence of enlarged sheaths of both tortuous optic nerves; both eyes had shorter axial lengths. Whole-exome sequencing in trio revealed synonymous TUBGCP4 variants in homozygous state: c.1746G>T; p.Leu582=. This synonymous variant has been previously described and probably leads to skipping of exon 16 of TUBGCP4. These results broaden the clinical spectrum of this new syndrome and suggest that TUBGCP4 bi-allelic mutations may underlie complex neurodevelopmental disorders.

7.
Actas Esp Psiquiatr ; 47(4): 158-64, 2019 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31461155

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent disorders in the child and adolescent population, with a known impact on learning, social relations and quality of life. However, the lifestyle habits of patients with this disorder have been poorly studied. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 160 children and adolescents, aged between 6 and 16 years, participated in the study. Half of them were treatment-naïve patients with a clinical diagnosis of ADHD according to DSM-IV-TR criteria, and without comorbidities. The remaining 80 participants were typically developing (TD) controls without known neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorders. Parents of all participants completed a questionnaire about their children´s lifestyle habits (e.g, daily hours of sleep, media use and study). RESULTS: The groups had a similar socioeconomic background and did not differ with respect to age and sex distribution. However, patients with ADHD spent more time than TD children studying, and less time watching TV, playing video games, using computers and playing with other people. They also slept fewer hours per night than children and adolescents with TD. ADHD and TD groups spent similar time reading, listening to music and playing sports. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that children and adolescents with ADHD have different lifestyle habits compared to age- and sex-matched controls. These findings are not explained by comorbid disorders or medication/ psychological treatment.


Subject(s)
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology , Habits , Life Style , Adolescent , Child , Child Behavior , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Female , Humans , Male , Parents , Surveys and Questionnaires , Video Games
8.
Actas esp. psiquiatr ; 47(4): 158-164, jul.-ago. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-185166

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad (TDAH) es uno de los trastornos más prevalentes en la población infanto-juvenil con un impacto ya conocido sobre el aprendizaje, la relación social y la calidad de vida. Sin embargo, los hábitos de vida de los pacientes con este trastorno han sido pobremente estudiados. Material y métodos. Un total de ciento sesenta niños y adolescentes con edades comprendidas entre los 6 y los 16 años (104 varones y 56 mujeres) participaron en este estudio. La mitad de ellos tenían un diagnóstico de TDAH de acuerdo a los criterios del DSM-IV-TR; eran pacientes sin tratamiento y sin comorbilidades. El grupo control estaba formado por 80 niños y adolescentes sin trastornos del neurodesarrollo o psiquiátricos conocidos. Las familias completaron un cuestionario sobre los hábitos de vida de sus hijos e hijas (dedicación extraescolar -horas al día- a diferentes actividades durante la semana lectiva). Resultados. Los grupos tenían un nivel socioeconómico similar y no diferían en edad y sexo. Sin embargo, los pacientes con TDAH dedicaban más tiempo al estudio que los controles y menos a actividades como la TV, el ordenador, los videojuegos y el juego con otras personas. Además, los pacientes con TDAH dormían menos horas diarias que los controles. No se observaron diferencias entre los grupos en el tiempo dedicado a la lectura, el deporte o la música. Conclusiones. Los resultados del presente estudio sugieren que los niños y adolescentes con TDAH tienen hábitos de vida diferentes a los niños y adolescentes con desarrollo típico. Estos hallazgos no se explican por la presencia de trastornos comórbidos o por el tratamiento farmacológico o psicológico


Introduction. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent disorders in the child and adolescent population, with a known impact on learning, social relations and quality of life. However, the lifestyle habits of patients with this disorder have been poorly studied. Material and methods. A total of 160 children and adolescents, aged between 6 and 16 years, participated in the study. Half of them were treatment-naïve patients with a clinical diagnosis of ADHD according to DSM-IV-TR criteria, and without comorbidities. The remaining 80 participants were typically developing (TD) controls without known neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorders. Parents of all participants completed a questionnaire about their children's lifestyle habits (e.g, daily hours of sleep, media use and study). Results. The groups had a similar socioeconomic back-ground and did not differ with respect to age and sex distribution. However, patients with ADHD spent more time than TD children studying, and less time watching TV, playing video games, using computers and playing with other people. They also slept fewer hours per night than children and adolescents with TD. ADHD and TD groups spent similar time reading, listening to music and playing sports


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology , Healthy Lifestyle , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology , Quality of Life/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Video Games/psychology
9.
Rev Neurol ; 66(S01): S103-S107, 2018 Mar 01.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29516461

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders. Other neurodevelopmental disorders may appear as a comorbidity or mimicking ADHD itself. DEVELOPMENT: This study reviews the high prevalence of other neurodevelopmental disorders (specific learning difficulties, communication disorders, etc.) in patients with ADHD. Moreover, the possible differential diagnoses include the same neurodevelopmental disorders that can occur as a comorbidity. Based on the literature, the study evaluates the role of clinical evaluation and neuropsychology in distinguishing between comorbidity and mimicry. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical evaluation could be insufficient for the comorbid diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders. In these cases, a neuropsychological evaluation is generally required, since it can also offer alternative diagnostic hypotheses about the symptoms observed and may therefore be a valuable aid for the differential diagnosis.


TITLE: Neurodesarrollo y fenocopias del trastorno por deficit de atencion/hiperactividad: diagnostico diferencial.Introduccion. El trastorno por deficit de atencion/hiperactividad (TDAH) es uno de los trastornos del neurodesarrollo mas prevalentes. Otros trastornos del neurodesarrollo pueden aparecer de forma comorbida o mimetizar el propio TDAH. Desarrollo. Se revisa la elevada prevalencia de otros trastornos del neurodesarrollo (trastornos especificos del aprendizaje, trastornos de la comunicacion...) en los pacientes con TDAH. Por otro lado, entre los posibles diagnosticos diferenciales se situan los mismos trastornos del neurodesarrollo que pueden aparecer de forma comorbida. Se valorara, de acuerdo a la bibliografia, el papel de la valoracion clinica y la neuropsicologia en la distincion entre comorbilidad y mimetismo. Conclusiones. La valoracion clinica podria ser insuficiente para el diagnostico comorbido de los trastornos del neurodesarrollo. En estos casos, la valoracion neuropsicologica es generalmente necesaria; esta puede igualmente ofrecer hipotesis diagnosticas alternativas de la sintomatologia observada y, por tanto, ser util para el diagnostico diferencial.


Subject(s)
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis , Neurodevelopmental Disorders/diagnosis , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology , Comorbidity , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Neurodevelopmental Disorders/epidemiology , Neurologic Examination , Neuropsychological Tests , Phenotype , Prevalence , Symptom Assessment
10.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 66(supl.1): S103-S107, 1 mar., 2018.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-171899

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad (TDAH) es uno de los trastornos del neurodesarrollo más prevalentes. Otros trastornos del neurodesarrollo pueden aparecer de forma comórbida o mimetizar el propio TDAH. Desarrollo. Se revisa la elevada prevalencia de otros trastornos del neurodesarrollo (trastornos específicos del aprendizaje, trastornos de la comunicación...) en los pacientes con TDAH. Por otro lado, entre los posibles diagnósticos diferenciales se sitúan los mismos trastornos del neurodesarrollo que pueden aparecer de forma comórbida. Se valorará, de acuerdo a la bibliografía, el papel de la valoración clínica y la neuropsicología en la distinción entre comorbilidad y mimetismo. Conclusiones. La valoración clínica podría ser insuficiente para el diagnóstico comórbido de los trastornos del neurodesarrollo. En estos casos, la valoración neuropsicológica es generalmente necesaria; ésta puede igualmente ofrecer hipótesis diagnósticas alternativas de la sintomatología observada y, por tanto, ser útil para el diagnóstico diferencial (AU)


Introduction. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders. Other neurodevelopmental disorders may appear as a comorbidity or mimicking ADHD itself. Development. This study reviews the high prevalence of other neurodevelopmental disorders (specific learning difficulties, communication disorders, etc.) in patients with ADHD. Moreover, the possible differential diagnoses include the same neurodevelopmental disorders that can occur as a comorbidity. Based on the literature, the study evaluates the role of clinical evaluation and neuropsychology in distinguishing between comorbidity and mimicry. Conclusions. The clinical evaluation could be insufficient for the comorbid diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders. In these cases, a neuropsychological evaluation is generally required, since it can also offer alternative diagnostic hypotheses about the symptoms observed and may therefore be a valuable aid for the differential diagnosis (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis , Child Development Disorders, Pervasive/diagnosis , Neurodevelopmental Disorders/diagnosis , Neuroimaging , Diagnosis, Differential , Comorbidity , Intellectual Disability/diagnosis , Developmental Disabilities/diagnosis , Genetic Predisposition to Disease
11.
Rev Neurol ; 64(s02): S1-S8, 2017 Mar 13.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28272733

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most frequent neurodevelopmental disorders in the child population. Its treatment is complex and must include psychoeducational, environmental and pharmacological measures. In recent years, the main novelties as regards its pharmacological treatment have been the appearance of lisdexamphetamine and extended-release guanfacine. AIMS: The increase in the number of drugs available for the treatment of ADHD makes it possible to treat and cover a very wide range of different clinical situations. The purpose of this review is to perform an analysis of the literature on the two drugs. DEVELOPMENT: The study determines the strong points of both treatments, with special attention given to their mechanism of action, their tolerability and their efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: Extended-release guanfacine enables the professional to treat situations that are poorly covered by stimulants, such as children with irritability and tics, with a significant profile characterised by moderate efficacy and good tolerability and safety. The appearance of lisdexamphetamine has brought about a very important change because, according to the literature, it is a drug that, from the clinical point of view, is both complete and effective in improving the symptoms of ADHD. Moreover, it has a good safety profile.


TITLE: Actualizacion en el tratamiento farmacologico del trastorno por deficit de atencion/hiperactividad: lisdexanfetamina y guanfacina de liberacion retardada.Introduccion. El trastorno por deficit de atencion/hiperactividad (TDAH) es uno de los trastornos del neurodesarrollo mas frecuentes en la poblacion infantil. Su tratamiento es complejo y debe incluir medidas psicoeducativas, ambientales y farmacologicas. En los ultimos años, las principales novedades respecto a su tratamiento farmacologico son la aparicion de la lisdexanfetamina y la guanfacina de liberacion retardada. Objetivo. El aumento del numero de farmacos disponibles para el tratamiento del TDAH permite tratar y cubrir situaciones clinicas muy diversas. El proposito de la presente revision es realizar un analisis de la bibliografia sobre ambos farmacos. Desarrollo. Se establecen los puntos fuertes de ambos tratamientos, atendiendo especialmente a su mecanismo de accion, a su tolerabilidad y a su eficacia. Conclusiones. La guanfacina de liberacion retardada permite tratar situaciones escasamente cubiertas con los estimulantes, tales como los niños con irritabilidad y tics, con un perfil significativo de moderada eficacia y una buena tolerabilidad y seguridad. La aparicion de la lisdexanfetamina ha supuesto un cambio muy importante porque, segun la bibliografia, se trataria de un farmaco completo y efectivo, desde el punto de vista clinico, para mejorar los sintomas del TDAH. Ademas, posee un buen perfil de seguridad.


Subject(s)
Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists/therapeutic use , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/drug therapy , Central Nervous System Stimulants/therapeutic use , Guanfacine/therapeutic use , Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate/therapeutic use , Delayed-Action Preparations , Humans
12.
Rev Neurol ; 64(s01): S101-S104, 2017 Feb 24.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28256695

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Neurodevelopmental disorders cover a heterogeneous group of disorders such as intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders or specific learning difficulties, among others. The neurobiological and clinical variables seem to clearly justify the recent inclusion of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as a neurodevelopmental disorder in the international classifications. DEVELOPMENT: Neurodevelopmental disorders are characterised by their dimensional nature and the distribution of the different symptoms in the population. These aspects are reviewed, specifically from the perspective of the clinical features and the neuropsychology of ADHD. The dimensional symptomatic nature of ADHD contrasts with the diagnostic criteria of this disorder according to different classifications or clinical guidelines. It also contrasts with the data collected by means of different complementary examinations (scales, tests, etc.). CONCLUSIONS: It is essential to understand the clinical continuum within each neurodevelopmental disorder (including ADHD), among the different neurodevelopmental disorders, and among the neurodevelopmental disorders and normality for their research, diagnosis and management. The development of instruments that provide support for this dimensional component is equally significant.


TITLE: Trastorno por deficit de atencion/hiperactividad: perspectiva desde el neurodesarrollo.Introduccion. Los trastornos del neurodesarrollo engloban a un grupo heterogeneo de trastornos como la discapacidad intelectual, el trastorno del espectro autista o los trastornos especificos del aprendizaje, entre otros. La reciente inclusion en las clasificaciones internacionales del trastorno por deficit de atencion/hiperactividad (TDAH) dentro de los trastornos del neurodesarrollo parece claramente justificada atendiendo a variables neurobiologicas y clinicas. Desarrollo. El caracter dimensional y la distribucion de diferentes sintomas en la poblacion caracterizan a la mayoria de los trastornos del neurodesarrollo. Se revisan estos aspectos, particularmente desde la sintomatologia y neuropsicologia en el TDAH. El caracter sintomatico dimensional del TDAH contrasta con los criterios diagnosticos de este trastorno de acuerdo a diferentes clasificaciones o guias clinicas. Contrasta igualmente con los datos recogidos a traves de diferentes exploraciones complementarias (escalas, tests...). Conclusiones. El entendimiento del continuo clinico dentro de cada trastorno del neurodesarrollo (incluido el TDAH), entre los diferentes trastornos del neurodesarrollo, y entre los trastornos del neurodesarrollo y la normalidad, es esencial para la investigacion, el diagnostico y el abordaje de todos ellos. El desarrollo de instrumentos que avalen este componente dimensional es igualmente trascendental.


Subject(s)
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity , Neurodevelopmental Disorders , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis , Child , Humans
14.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 64(supl.1): s101-s104, 2017.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-163042

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Los trastornos del neurodesarrollo engloban a un grupo heterogéneo de trastornos como la discapacidad intelectual, el trastorno del espectro autista o los trastornos específicos del aprendizaje, entre otros. La reciente inclusión en las clasificaciones internacionales del trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad (TDAH) dentro de los trastornos del neurodesarrollo parece claramente justificada atendiendo a variables neurobiológicas y clínicas. Desarrollo. El carácter dimensional y la distribución de diferentes síntomas en la población caracterizan a la mayoría de los trastornos del neurodesarrollo. Se revisan estos aspectos, particularmente desde la sintomatología y neuropsicología en el TDAH. El carácter sintomático dimensional del TDAH contrasta con los criterios diagnósticos de este trastorno de acuerdo a diferentes clasificaciones o guías clínicas. Contrasta igualmente con los datos recogidos a través de diferentes exploraciones complementarias (escalas, tests...). Conclusiones. El entendimiento del continuo clínico dentro de cada trastorno del neurodesarrollo (incluido el TDAH), entre los diferentes trastornos del neurodesarrollo, y entre los trastornos del neurodesarrollo y la normalidad, es esencial para la investigación, el diagnóstico y el abordaje de todos ellos. El desarrollo de instrumentos que avalen este componente dimensional es igualmente trascendental (AU)


Introduction. Neurodevelopmental disorders cover a heterogeneous group of disorders such as intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders or specific learning difficulties, among others. The neurobiological and clinical variables seem to clearly justify the recent inclusion of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as a neurodevelopmental disorder in the international classifications. Development. Neurodevelopmental disorders are characterised by their dimensional nature and the distribution of the different symptoms in the population. These aspects are reviewed, specifically from the perspective of the clinical features and the neuropsychology of ADHD. The dimensional symptomatic nature of ADHD contrasts with the diagnostic criteria of this disorder according to different classifications or clinical guidelines. It also contrasts with the data collected by means of different complementary examinations (scales, tests, etc.). Conclusions. It is essential to understand the clinical continuum within each neurodevelopmental disorder (including ADHD), among the different neurodevelopmental disorders, and among the neurodevelopmental disorders and normality for their research, diagnosis and management. The development of instruments that provide support for this dimensional component is equally significant (AU)


Subject(s)
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/complications , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis , Intellectual Disability/complications , Neurobiology/methods , Neuropsychology/methods , Diagnosis, Differential , Cognition Disorders/complications , Cognition Disorders/diagnosis , Cognition Disorders/therapy
15.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 64(supl.2): S1-S8, 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-163108

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad (TDAH) es uno de los trastornos del neurodesarrollo más frecuentes en la población infantil. Su tratamiento es complejo y debe incluir medidas psicoeducativas, ambientales y farmacológicas. En los últimos años, las principales novedades respecto a su tratamiento farmacológico son la aparición de la lisdexanfetamina y la guanfacina de liberación retardada. Objetivo. El aumento del número de fármacos disponibles para el tratamiento del TDAH permite tratar y cubrir situaciones clínicas muy diversas. El propósito de la presente revisión es realizar un análisis de la bibliografía sobre ambos fármacos. Desarrollo: Se establecen los puntos fuertes de ambos tratamientos, atendiendo especialmente a su mecanismo de acción, a su tolerabilidad y a su eficacia. Conclusiones. La guanfacina de liberación retardada permite tratar situaciones escasamente cubiertas con los estimulantes, tales como los niños con irritabilidad y tics, con un perfil significativo de moderada eficacia y una buena tolerabilidad y seguridad. La aparición de la lisdexanfetamina ha supuesto un cambio muy importante porque, según la bibliografía, se trataría de un fármaco completo y efectivo, desde el punto de vista clínico, para mejorar los síntomas del TDAH. Además, posee un buen perfil de seguridad (AU)


Introduction. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most frequent neurodevelopmental disorders in the child population. Its treatment is complex and must include psychoeducational, environmental and pharmacological measures. In recent years, the main novelties as regards its pharmacological treatment have been the appearance of lisdexamphetamine and extended-release guanfacine. Aims. The increase in the number of drugs available for the treatment of ADHD makes it possible to treat and cover a very wide range of different clinical situations. The purpose of this review is to perform an analysis of the literature on the two drugs. Development. The study determines the strong points of both treatments, with special attention given to their mechanism of action, their tolerability and their efficacy. Conclusions. Extended-release guanfacine enables the professional to treat situations that are poorly covered by stimulants, such as children with irritability and tics, with a significant profile characterised by moderate efficacy and good tolerability and safety. The appearance of lisdexamphetamine has brought about a very important change because, according to the literature, it is a drug that, from the clinical point of view, is both complete and effective in improving the symptoms of ADHD. Moreover, it has a good safety profile (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/drug therapy , Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate/therapeutic use , Guanfacine/therapeutic use , Delayed-Action Preparations/therapeutic use , Central Nervous System Stimulants/therapeutic use
16.
Rev Neurol ; 63(2): 71-8, 2016 Jul 16.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27377983

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The development of structural magnetic resonance scanning and new methods of analysis has made it possible to explore, in a hitherto unknown way, the neuroanatomical bases of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Yet, little is known about the relation between the clinical symptoms and the neuropsychological dysfunctions characterising ADHD and the neuroanatomical alterations that are observed. AIM: To explore the relation between neuroanatomy, clinical features and neuropsychology in ADHD. DEVELOPMENT: At group level, there are a number of marked differences between the brain of children, adolescents and adults with ADHD and the brain of subjects with a typical development. These differences are observed cross-sectionally and longitudinally in all the measurements, both in the grey matter and in the white matter. Although still scarce, there is an increasing body of evidence showing that these differences are related with the core symptoms of the disorder and with the degree of clinical dysfunction. They also appear to be associated with cognitive functioning (mainly attention and inhibitory control). CONCLUSIONS: The relation among the different levels of analysis in the study of ADHD bring research closer to the clinical features and allows a better understanding and management of the disorder. Although progress is undoubtedly being made in this field, there are still many questions that need exploring in greater depth. There is a need for a better understanding of the association between the neuroanatomical measurements and each dimension of the symptoms, and their relationship with other neuropsychological processes that are also involved in the disorder.


TITLE: Neuroanatomia del trastorno por deficit de atencion/hiperactividad: correlatos neuropsicologicos y clinicos.Introduccion. El desarrollo de la resonancia magnetica estructural y de nuevos metodos de analisis ha permitido examinar, como nunca antes, las bases neuroanatomicas del trastorno por deficit de atencion/hiperactividad (TDAH). No obstante, poco se sabe todavia sobre la relacion de los sintomas clinicos y las disfunciones neuropsicologicas caracteristicas del TDAH con las alteraciones neuroanatomicas observadas. Objetivo. Explorar la relacion entre neuroanatomia, clinica y neuropsicologia en el TDAH. Desarrollo. A nivel de grupo, existen diferencias marcadas entre el cerebro de niños adolescentes y adultos con TDAH y el cerebro de personas con desarrollo tipico. Estas diferencias se observan transversal y longitudinalmente en todas las medidas, tanto de la sustancia gris como de la sustancia blanca. Aunque todavia escasa, cada vez existe mayor evidencia que señala que estas diferencias se relacionan con los sintomas nucleares del trastorno y con el grado de disfuncion clinica. Tambien parecen asociarse con el funcionamiento cognitivo (principalmente, atencion y control inhibitorio). Conclusiones. La relacion entre los distintos niveles de analisis de estudio del TDAH acerca la investigacion a la clinica y permite comprender y tratar mejor el trastorno. Aunque el avance en este campo es innegable, todavia son muchas las cuestiones que hay que explorar y profundizar en mayor detalle. Se requiere comprender mejor la asociacion entre las medidas neuroanatomicas y cada dimension sintomatologica, y la relacion con otros procesos neuropsicologicos tambien implicados en el trastorno.


Subject(s)
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/pathology , Brain/diagnostic imaging , Neuroanatomy , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnostic imaging , Brain/pathology , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Neuropsychological Tests , White Matter/diagnostic imaging , White Matter/pathology
17.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 63(2): 71-78, 16 jul., 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-154502

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El desarrollo de la resonancia magnética estructural y de nuevos métodos de análisis ha permitido examinar, como nunca antes, las bases neuroanatómicas del trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad (TDAH). No obstante, poco se sabe todavía sobre la relación de los síntomas clínicos y las disfunciones neuropsicológicas características del TDAH con las alteraciones neuroanatómicas observadas. Objetivo. Explorar la relación entre neuroanatomía, clínica y neuropsicología en el TDAH. Desarrollo. A nivel de grupo, existen diferencias marcadas entre el cerebro de niños adolescentes y adultos con TDAH y el cerebro de personas con desarrollo típico. Estas diferencias se observan transversal y longitudinalmente en todas las medidas, tanto de la sustancia gris como de la sustancia blanca. Aunque todavía escasa, cada vez existe mayor evidencia que señala que estas diferencias se relacionan con los síntomas nucleares del trastorno y con el grado de disfunción clínica. También parecen asociarse con el funcionamiento cognitivo (principalmente, atención y control inhibitorio). Conclusiones. La relación entre los distintos niveles de análisis de estudio del TDAH acerca la investigación a la clínica y permite comprender y tratar mejor el trastorno. Aunque el avance en este campo es innegable, todavía son muchas las cuestiones que hay que explorar y profundizar en mayor detalle. Se requiere comprender mejor la asociación entre las medidas neuroanatómicas y cada dimensión sintomatológica, y la relación con otros procesos neuropsicológicos también implicados en el trastorno (AU)


Introduction. The development of structural magnetic resonance scanning and new methods of analysis has made it possible to explore, in a hitherto unknown way, the neuroanatomical bases of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Yet, little is known about the relation between the clinical symptoms and the neuropsychological dysfunctions characterising ADHD and the neuroanatomical alterations that are observed. Aim. To explore the relation between neuroanatomy, clinical features and neuropsychology in ADHD. Development. At group level, there are a number of marked differences between the brain of children, adolescents and adults with ADHD and the brain of subjects with a typical development. These differences are observed cross-sectionally and longitudinally in all the measurements, both in the grey matter and in the white matter. Although still scarce, there is an increasing body of evidence showing that these differences are related with the core symptoms of the disorder and with the degree of clinical dysfunction. They also appear to be associated with cognitive functioning (mainly attention and inhibitory control). Conclusions. The relation among the different levels of analysis in the study of ADHD bring research closer to the clinical features and allows a better understanding and management of the disorder. Although progress is undoubtedly being made in this field, there are still many questions that need exploring in greater depth. There is a need for a better understanding of the association between the neuroanatomical measurements and each dimension of the symptoms, and their relationship with other neuropsychological processes that are also involved in the disorder (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Neuroanatomy/education , Neuroanatomy/methods , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/pathology , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Neuropsychology/education , Cerebral Cortex/abnormalities , Pharmaceutical Preparations/administration & dosage , Therapeutics/methods , Neuroanatomy/classification , Neuroanatomy , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/complications , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/instrumentation , Neuropsychology/methods , Cerebral Cortex/injuries , Pharmaceutical Preparations/metabolism , Therapeutics/standards
18.
Rev Neurol ; 62 Suppl 1: S79-84, 2016.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26922963

ABSTRACT

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous, symptomatically complex disorder. Its cardinal symptom, the presence of dysexecutive problems, emotional dysregulation of many of them and its own comorbidity, among others, will condition its clinical expression and the dysfunction. Classifying ADHD as a 'disorder' calls for an accurate assessment of the terms 'dysfunction' or 'repercussion'. The progress made in the classification and quantification of the symptoms characterising ADHD should be applied to measuring and objectifying dysfunction. Considering dysfunction as a simple interference, however clear it may be, could lead to an overestimation of the diagnosis of this disorder. Just as its estimation is essential for a diagnosis, it is also necessary for the correct evaluation of the efficacy of the therapeutic interventions, especially in the medium and long term. Further studies are needed in this sense to appraise the efficacy of the treatments, whether pharmacological or not, in different domains (social relationship, learning, self-esteem, quality of life, accidents, etc.).


TITLE: Disfuncion en el trastorno por deficit de atencion/hiperactividad: evaluacion y respuesta al tratamiento.El trastorno por deficit de atencion/hiperactividad (TDAH) es un trastorno heterogeneo y complejo sintomaticamente. Su sintomatologia cardinal, la presencia de problemas disejecutivos, la desregulacion emocional de muchos de ellos y la propia comorbilidad, entre otros, condicionaran su expresion clinica y la disfuncion. La tipificacion del TDAH como 'trastorno' requiere una evaluacion precisa del termino 'disfuncion' o 'repercusion'. Los avances en la tipificacion y cuantificacion de la sintomatologia caracteristica del TDAH deberian trasladarse a la medicion y objetivacion de la disfuncion. La estimacion de la disfuncion como una simple interferencia, por clara que sea, podria llevar a una sobreestimacion del diagnostico de este trastorno. Del mismo modo que es ineludible su estimacion para el diagnostico, es igualmente necesaria para la correcta evaluacion de la eficacia de las intervenciones terapeuticas, especialmente a medio y largo plazo. Son necesarios estudios adicionales en este sentido para valorar la eficacia de los tratamientos, sean farmacologicos o no, en diferentes dominios (relacion social, aprendizaje, autoestima, calidad de vida, siniestralidad…).


Subject(s)
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/therapy , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/physiopathology , Child , Humans , Treatment Outcome
19.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 62(supl.1): s79-s84, 21 feb., 2016.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-151031

ABSTRACT

El trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad (TDAH) es un trastorno heterogéneo y complejo sintomá- ticamente. Su sintomatología cardinal, la presencia de problemas disejecutivos, la desregulación emocional de muchos de ellos y la propia comorbilidad, entre otros, condicionarán su expresión clínica y la disfunción. La tipificación del TDAH como ‘trastorno’ requiere una evaluación precisa del término ‘disfunción’ o ‘repercusión’. Los avances en la tipificación y cuantificación de la sintomatología característica del TDAH deberían trasladarse a la medición y objetivación de la disfunción. La estimación de la disfunción como una simple interferencia, por clara que sea, podría llevar a una sobreestimación del diagnóstico de este trastorno. Del mismo modo que es ineludible su estimación para el diagnóstico, es igualmente necesaria para la correcta evaluación de la eficacia de las intervenciones terapéuticas, especialmente a medio y largo plazo. Son necesarios estudios adicionales en este sentido para valorar la eficacia de los tratamientos, sean farmacológicos o no, en diferentes dominios (relación social, aprendizaje, autoestima, calidad de vida, siniestralidad…) (AU)


Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous, symptomatically complex disorder. Its cardinal symptom, the presence of dysexecutive problems, emotional dysregulation of many of them and its own comorbidity, among others, will condition its clinical expression and the dysfunction. Classifying ADHD as a ‘disorder’ calls for an accurate assessment of the terms ‘dysfunction’ or ‘repercussion’. The progress made in the classification and quantification of the symptoms characterising ADHD should be applied to measuring and objectifying dysfunction. Considering dysfunction as a simple interference, however clear it may be, could lead to an overestimation of the diagnosis of this disorder. Just as its estimation is essential for a diagnosis, it is also necessary for the correct evaluation of the efficacy of the therapeutic interventions, especially in the medium and long term. Further studies are needed in this sense to appraise the efficacy of the treatments, whether pharmacological or not, in different domains (social relationship, learning, self-esteem, quality of life, accidents, etc.) (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/therapy , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Mental Disorders/therapy , Drug Therapy, Combination/instrumentation , Drug Therapy, Combination/methods , Drug Therapy, Combination , Comorbidity , Treatment Outcome , Quality of Life
20.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 60(supl.1): s103-s107, mar. 2015.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-134380

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Se entiende por adopción o filiación adoptiva el acto jurídico mediante el cual se crea un vínculo de parentesco entre dos personas, de tal forma que se establece entre ellas una relación de paternidad o maternidad. Objetivos. Tratar de exponer los problemas derivados de la exposición prenatal al alcohol y otros factores de riesgo, de la hipoestimulación durante el ‘período crítico’ en pacientes institucionalizados (especialmente aquellos adoptados de países del este de Europa) y su relación con el trastorno de déficit de atención/hiperactividad (TDAH). Realizar una aproximación al diagnóstico, prevención y tratamiento de estos problemas. Desarrollo. Estos niños presentan problemas de relación psicosocial, problemas conductuales, retraso del desarrollo del lenguaje o de la lectura y, sobre todo, TDAH. Existe una enorme dificultad práctica a la hora de separar ambos factores durante la evaluación de niños adoptados de países del este de Europa en las consultas de neuropediatría. La interrelación de todos estos factores no es bien conocida. Conclusiones. Existe una íntima relación entre la exposición prenatal al alcohol y las consecuencias de la adopción. Se necesitan estudios aleatorizados controlados con placebo, con mayores muestras poblacionales, que comprueben el beneficio y perfil de efectos secundarios, tanto con psicoestimulantes como con la atomoxetina en este grupo de pacientes (AU)


Introduction. The term adoption or adoptive filiation is understood as referring to the legal act by which family ties are created between two persons such that a relationship of fatherhood or motherhood is established between them. Aims. The purpose of this study is to outline the problems derived from prenatal exposure to alcohol and other risk factors, from hypostimulation during the ‘critical period’ in institutionalised patients (especially those adopted from eastern European countries) and their relation with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This work also seeks to take a deeper look into the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of these problems. Development. These children have problems in terms of psychosocial relationships, behavioural problems, delayed language or reading development and, above all, ADHD. In practice it is extremely difficult to separate the two factors during the assessment of children adopted from eastern European countries in neuropaediatric consultations. Exactly how all these factors are interrelated is not well understood. Conclusions. There is a close relationship between prenatal exposure to alcohol and the consequences of adoption. There is a need for placebo-controlled randomised studies, with larger population samples, that test the benefits and profile of side effects, both with psychostimulants and with atomoxetine in this group of patients (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/genetics , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/metabolism , Adoption/legislation & jurisprudence , Social Adjustment , Antisocial Personality Disorder/complications , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/therapy , Adoption/psychology , Antisocial Personality Disorder/psychology
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