Clinical repercussions and epidemiological considerations of supernumerary canines: A 26 case series.

BACKGROUND: To establish the prevalence of supernumerary canines (SNC) in a sector of the population of Madrid (Spain), as well possible complications associated with this unusual developmental variation. STUDY DESIGN: This observational study was performed between 2005 and 2017, among 21,615 patients seeking dental treatment at the Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid (Spain), and at the Virgen de la Paloma Hospital, Madrid (Spain); 22 patients with 26 SNCs were diagnosed. These 22 patients underwent clinical and radiological exploration, registering patient data. RESULTS: SNCs presented a prevalence of 0.10% of the study population. The supernumerary teeth (SNT) were located in the upper maxilla more frequently (61.54%) than the mandible (38.46%). 69.23% were found to be impacted, also causing the impaction of the permanent canine in 53.85% of these cases. In 15.38%, follicular expansion > 3mm was observed. SNCs were associated with other SNT in only four patients. CONCLUSIONS: Despite of the fact that the SNCs are usually diagnosed casually in the course of radiological exploration, in the present study over half of them (53.85%) caused impaction of the permanent canine. Early diagnosis allows optimal patient management and treatment planning, with intervention at an appropriate time to prevent complications in development and so reduce later treatment need.

Masseter and temporalis muscle electromyography findings after lower third molar extraction.

BACKGROUND: The main clinical application of electromyography is to detect abnormalities in muscle function, to assess muscle activity for purposes of recruitment, and in the biomechanics of movement. OBJECTIVES: To analyze electromyography (EMG) findings for masticatory muscles during chewing following surgical extraction of lower third molars, and to determine any correlation between pain, inflammation, trismus, and the EMG data registered. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This prospective study included 31 patients. Surface EMG was used to study masseter and temporalis muscle function before lower third molar extraction and 72 hours and seven days after surgery. Clinical variables, pain, inflammation, and trismus were registered before and after surgery. RESULTS: Studying the area and size of the masticatory muscles, higher values were found for temporalis than masseter muscles, regardless of the surgical side, which points to the greater involvement of the temporalis muscle in mastication. Comparing the side where surgery had been performed with the non-surgical side, a sharp and statistically significant reduction in amplitude and area were noted on the surgical side reflecting major functional affectation. One week after surgery, amplitude and area had almost returned to base-line values, indicating almost complete recovery. While pain decreased progressively after surgery, inflammation peaked at 72 hours, while mouth opening reached a minimum at this time, returning to normality within the week. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical extraction of lower third molars produces changes to electromyography activity that are more evident during the first hours after surgery and closely related to the intensity of pain suffered and the patient's inflammatory responses, although they are not related to mouth opening capacity.

Unicystic Ameloblastoma: Rehabilitation with Chin Graft Harvested and Implant-Supported Fixed Prosthesis.

OBJECTIVE: The objective is to present a clinical case of a 38-year-old male with a maxillary unicystic ameloblastoma treated by means of tumor block resection followed by chin-harvested graft placement in order to place two dental implants for esthetic and functional rehabilitation. METHODS: Ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic tumor characterized by local aggression and a high rate of recurrence; the latter partly depends on how it is treated. Complete resection of the tumor, which usually prevents recurrence, produces bone defects of varying size that must be reconstructed later on. In most cases this is done using bone grafts and implant-supported prostheses. Grafts harvested from the chin are relatively easy to obtain and enjoy a fairly uneventful post-operative with few complications; they are suitable for cases in which the defect generated by resection is of small size. RESULTS: Functional and esthetic rehabilitation and the tumor has not relapsed during a 7-year follow-up. CONCLUSION: Tumor block resection followed by chin-harvested graft placement and dental implants is a safe treatment for patients with unicystic ameloblastoma.

Implant survival and complications in cases of inferior alveolar nerve lateralization and atrophied mandibles with 5-year follow-up.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the survival after 5 years of implants placed using inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) lateralization in cases of mandibular atrophy and to determine the incidence of complications. Twenty-seven patients received 74 implants by means of the IAN lateralization technique. Implant survival after 5 years of loading was 98.6%. Eighteen months after surgery, the recovery of sensitivity was complete in 26 cases. Implant placement with IAN lateralization was seen to be a satisfactory and predictable technique. IAN lateralization requires a high level of technical skill, and strict criteria should be applied when prescribing this treatment.

Efficacy of platelet-rich plasma applied to post-extraction retained lower third molar alveoli. A systematic review.

UNLABELLED: Dental retentions have a high prevalence among the general population and their removal can involve multiple complications. The use of platelet rich plasma has been proposed in an attempt to avoid these complications, as it contains high growth factors and stimulates diverse biological functions that facilitate the healing of soft and hard tissues. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the available scientific evidence related to the application of platelet-rich plasma in the post-extraction alveoli of a retained lower third molars. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic review of published literature registered in the Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane and NIH databases. The following categories were included: human randomized clinical studies. Key search words were: platelet rich plasma; platelet rich plasma and oral surgery; platelet rich in growth factors and third molar. RESULTS: Of 101 potentially valid articles, seven were selected, of which four were rejected as they failed to meet quality criteria. Three studies fulfilled all selection and quality criteria: Ogundipe et al.; Rutkowski et al.; Haraji et al. The studies all measured osteoblast activity by means of sintigraphy, and also registered pain, bleeding, inflammation, temperature, numbness as perceived by the patients, radiological bone density and the incidence of alveolar osteitis. CONCLUSIONS: Scientific evidence for the use of PRP in retained third molar surgery is poor. For this reason randomized clinical trials are needed before recommendations for the clinical application of PRP can be made.

Evaluation of the anaesthetic properties and tolerance of 1:100,000 articaine versus 1:100,000 lidocaine. A comparative study in surgery of the lower third molar.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the anaesthetic properties and tolerance of articaine versus lidocaine at equal vasoconstrictor concentration. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 96 male and female patients who underwent surgical treatment of the lower third molar participated. Patients were randomly assigned to articaine hydrochloride with epinephrine 1:100,000 and lidocaine hydrochloride with epinephrine 1:100,000. The variables analysed were latency period, duration of anaesthetic effect, tolerance and adverse reactions. RESULTS: Both the latency period and the duration of anaesthetic effect were greater for articaine, although the differences were not statistically significant. Latency: mean difference of 2.70 ± 2.12 minutes (95%CI of -1.51 minutes - 6.92 minutes). DURATION: mean difference of -33 minutes 5 seconds ± 31 minutes (95% CI -1 hour 35 minutes - 29 minutes). There were 4 adverse events that did not require the patients to be withdrawn from the study. CONCLUSIONS: The anaesthetics in this study have very similar properties for use in surgery and have demonstrated a good safety and tolerability profile.