ABSTRACT
El uso del chupete se encuentra muy arraigado en las sociedades desarrolladas, ya que calma el llanto del bebé, ayuda a conciliar el sueño, y reduce el estrés y el dolor en procedimientos desagradables. Su uso se ha relacionado con una menor duración y exclusividad de la lactancia materna, aumento de otitis media, problemas dentales y riesgo de accidentes. Además, estudios recientes relacionan su uso, particularmente durante el sueño, con disminución del riesgo de muerte súbita del lactante. Otros beneficios demostrados son su efecto analgésico y el estímulo de la succión no nutritiva en niños pretérmino y a término. El debate sobre su utilización o no es actualmente motivo de controversia, pero es importante que los profesionales de la salud y los padres conozcan los riesgos y beneficios que conlleva el uso del chupete. Dada la controversia actual, el Comité de Lactancia Materna de la Asociación Española de Pediatría ha realizado, a la luz de las pruebas disponibles actualmente, una revisión del tema en relación con la lactancia materna (AU)
Pacifiers are widely used in developed societies. They are used for soothing infants, reducing their stress and pain during procedures and to help them sleep. The use of pacifiers has been associated, however, with a shorter duration and exclusivity of breastfeeding, with higher rates of otitis media and dental problems, as well as a higher risk of accidents during infancy. Recent studies have also described a relationship between pacifier use and SIDS, especially when used during infant is sleep. Other described benefits are analgesia and stimulation of non-nutritive sucking in preterm and term infants. There is, at present, wide debate and controversy on whether or not to recommend its use; thus it seems important for professionals and parents to be aware of the risks and benefits associated to its use, particularly related to breast feeding. Due to the existing controversy of scientific findings, the Committee on Breastfeeding of the Spanish Paediatrics Society, publishes this review, trying to summarise present evidence with the objective of, after analysing scientific results and recommendations, making recommendations regarding the use of the pacifier in the breastfed infant (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Breast Feeding , Sudden Infant Death/etiology , Pacifiers/adverse effects , Habits , Otitis Media/etiology , Tooth Diseases/etiologyABSTRACT
Pacifiers are widely used in developed societies. They are used for soothing infants, reducing their stress and pain during procedures and to help them sleep. The use of pacifiers has been associated, however, with a shorter duration and exclusivity of breastfeeding, with higher rates of otitis media and dental problems, as well as a higher risk of accidents during infancy. Recent studies have also described a relationship between pacifier use and SIDS, especially when used during infantÌs sleep. Other described benefits are analgesia and stimulation of non-nutritive sucking in preterm and term infants. There is, at present, wide debate and controversy on whether or not to recommend its use; thus it seems important for professionals and parents to be aware of the risks and benefits associated to its use, particularly related to breastfeeding. Due to the existing controversy of scientific findings, the Committee on Breastfeeding of the Spanish Paediatrics Society, publishes this review, trying to summarise present evidence with the objective of, after analysing scientific results and recommendations, making recommendations regarding the use of the pacifier in the breastfed infant.
Subject(s)
Breast Feeding , Pacifiers , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Pacifiers/standardsSubject(s)
Erythema Nodosum/microbiology , Salmonella Infections/complications , Salmonella enteritidis , Child , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
Aplasia cutis congenita is a rare condition characterized by the congenital absence of epidermis, dermis and, in some cases, subcutaneous tissues. It was first described by Cordon in 1767 and more than 500 cases have been reported since, with an estimate incidence of 3 in 10,000 births. The lesions may occur on any body surface although localised agenesis of the scalp is the most frequent pattern. In approximately 20% of cases underlying bone defects are also found. Aplasia cutis congenita occurs as an isolated defect or with other associated anomalies. There is no unifying theory for the pathogenesis and large scalp defects present a management dilemma. We report a newborn with a large scalp defect in the midline at the vertex without associated malformations. There was no significant family history. Skull and extremities radiographs, chromosome analysis, cerebral and abdominal sonography were normal. Two methods of treatment were used: a conservative approach consisting of daily antiseptic dressing to allow scalp epithelialization improved conditions for secondary surgery at 30 days of life, closing the defect with local rotational flaps. The postoperative course was uneventful and an excellent cosmetic result was achieved.
Subject(s)
Ectodermal Dysplasia/diagnosis , Ectodermal Dysplasia/etiology , Humans , Infant, Newborn , MaleABSTRACT
La aplasia cutis congénita es una rara alteración caracterizada por la ausencia congénita de epidermis, dermis y, en ocasiones, de los tejidos subyacentes. Fue descrita por primera vez por Cordon en 1767 y desde entonces se han referido unos 500 casos, con una incidencia estimada de 3 de cada 10.000 recién nacidos. Las lesiones pueden afectar a cualquier región corporal, aunque la localización más frecuente es en el cuero cabelludo. En aproximadamente un 20 por ciento de los casos se encuentra un defecto óseo del cráneo subyacente. La aplasia cutis congénita puede presentarse aislada o asociada a otras malformaciones. No hay una teoría etiopatogénica uniforme y los grandes defectos del cuero cabelludo plantean un dilema terapéutico. Presentamos un recién nacido con un extenso defecto de cuero cabelludo localizado en la línea media del vértex sin otras malformaciones asociadas. No existían antecedentes familiares de interés. Las radiografías de cráneo y extremidades, el análisis cromosómico y las ecografías cerebral y abdominal fueron normales. Se emplearon dos pautas terapéuticas: un tratamiento conservador, consistente en curas locales diarias con antisépticos para permitir la epitelización, mejoró las condiciones para el tratamiento quirúrgico secundario, cerrando el defecto a los 30 días de vida con colgajos rotacionales locales. El postoperatorio cursó sin incidencias y se consiguió un excelente resultado estético (AU)
Subject(s)
Male , Infant, Newborn , Humans , Ectodermal DysplasiaABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To find out the opinions of Family and Community medicine interns concerning various aspects of their teaching during their period of hospital training. DESIGN: Crossover study. SITE. Within hospitals. PARTICIPANTS: Family and Community Medicine residential interns in Spanish hospitals. MAIN MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Out of the questionnaires returned by mail, 78.4% thought that their hospital training was adequate; 83.6% believed they were well enough trained to practise professionally; 76% considered that their hospital's technical equipment had been useful for their training; 66% felt they had sufficient back-up from the staff; 60% contributed to scientific statements or publications; 59% thought that their centre's library was inadequately equipped; and 45.4% stated that their pay as interns, or in the future as specialists, was too low. CONCLUSIONS: Family and Community Medicine interns' current training is in general satisfactory. Certain aspects, such as stocking libraries, salaries and contributions to scientific reports should be improved.
Subject(s)
Community Medicine , Family Practice , Internship and Residency , Job Satisfaction , Physicians/psychology , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Spain , Surveys and QuestionnairesSubject(s)
Echovirus Infections/epidemiology , Meningitis, Viral/epidemiology , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Spain/epidemiologySubject(s)
Job Application , Pediatrics , Social Security , Educational Measurement , Professional Competence , SpainABSTRACT
Authors studied influence of several factors on the election of infant feeding type, and breast feeding incidence and its duration. Two hundred questionnaires were obtained from mothers living within Valladolid. 76% intended to breast-feed. Breast-feeding was not modified by mothers' age, geographic area, instruction, economic-social class, tradition, desired pregnancy, maternal opinion about lactation, aesthetic impairment, maternal or neonatal pathology, husband advice and medical opinion. Nevertheless, frequency of bottle feeding was significantly increased by medical advice contrary to breast-feeding, absence of husband's opinion, hospital admission of the newborn and absence of feeding type distinction by mother. Duration of breast-feeding was longer in low level cultural classes, without differences of mother's age or economic condition. Motives for election were: breast-feed was considered more nutritive (78%), family tradition (10%), and medical advice (8%). Reasons for suspension were: Hypogalactia (70%), medical advice (16%), maternal disease (7%), child disease (3%) and maternal work (3%).
