ABSTRACT
The interaction of selenium, a component of antioxidant selenoproteins, with genetic variation in lipid-related pathways has not been evaluated earlier as a potential determinant of blood lipid levels. We aimed at evaluating the effects of gene-environment interactions between plasma levels of selenium and polymorphisms in lipid metabolic pathways on plasma lipid levels in a study population from Spain (N=1,315). We observed statistically significant associations between plasma selenium and lipid levels (differences in total, low-density lipoprotein [LDL]-cholesterol, and triglycerides comparing the 80th with the 20th percentiles of plasma selenium levels were, respectively, 12.0 (95% confidence interval 6.3, 17.8), 8.9 (3.7, 14.2), and 9.0 (2.9, 15.2) mg/dl). We also found statistically significant interactions at the Bonferroni-corrected significance level (p=0.0008) between selenium and rs2290201 in FABP4 for total and LDL cholesterol levels and rs1800774 in CETP for elevated LDL cholesterol. Other polymorphisms showed statistically significant differential associations of plasma selenium levels and lipids biomarkers at the nominal p-value of 0.05. Reported statistical interactions with genes involved in lipid transport and transfer provide biological support to the positive associations of selenium with lipids shown in cross-sectional studies and lead to the hypothesis that selenium and lipid levels share common biological pathways that need to be elucidated in mechanistic studies.
Subject(s)
Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins/genetics , Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins/genetics , Lipids/blood , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Selenium/blood , Cholesterol, LDL/blood , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Gene-Environment Interaction , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Signal Transduction , Spain , Triglycerides/bloodABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Chlamydophila pneumoniae is an intracelular pathogen involved in the inflammatory pathogenesis of some chronic diseases with high prevalence. Infectivity is supposed to be high because the serologic patterns published are widely spread out all over the world. However, the prevalence in the Spanish adult population is unknown. Our goal was to assess the seroprevalence of specific IgG and IgA against C. pneumoniae in the general adult population performing an indirect immunofluorescence assay. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 462 serum samples were analysed from subjects over 15 years of age in the general population in Valladolid. RESULTS: IgG 1:16 seroprevalence was 74.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 69.7-78.6) and IgG 1:64 was 32.2% (95% CI, 27.6-36.8), whereas IgA 1:16 was 21.5% (95% CI, 17.7-25.4) and IgA 1:32 was 5.2% (95% CI, 3.3-7.2). Higher titles were found in men and with increasing age, specially for IgA (p < 0.05). Only 3.6% (95% CI, 1.9-5.3) and 0.7% (95% CI, 0.03-1.4) of subjects showed titles IgG 1:256 or 1:512, respectively. Almost one fourth showed a title 1:16 for both immunoglobulins. CONCLUSIONS: Chlamydophila pneumoniae maintains a high seroprevalence of infection in the Spanish adult population.
Subject(s)
Chlamydophila Infections/epidemiology , Chlamydophila pneumoniae/immunology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Female , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect , Humans , Immunoglobulin A/blood , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Male , Middle Aged , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Spain/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Fundamento y objetivo: Chlamydophila pneumoniae es un germen patógeno intracelular implicado en la patogenia inflamatoria de algunas enfermedades crónicas con alta prevalencia. Su capacidad de difusión es elevada porque los patrones serológicos de infección descritos para la población general están ampliamente distribuidos en todo el mundo; sin embargo, se desconoce la seroprevalencia en la población adulta de España. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar la seroprevalencia de inmunoglobulinas (IgG) e IgA específicas frente a C. pneumoniae en la población general adulta mediante su determinación por inmunofluorescencia indirecta. Material y método: Se analizó 462 muestras de suero procedentes de individuos mayores de 15 años de la población general de Valladolid. Resultados: La seroprevalencia de IgG 1:16 fue del 74,1% (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 69,7-78,6) y para una IgG 1:64 del 32,2% (IC del 95%, 27,6-36,8), mientras que para la IgA fue del 21,5% (IC del 95%, 17,7-25,4) a una dilución 1:16 y del 5,2% (IC del 95%, 3,3-7,2) a un título 1:32. Encontramos títulos más altos en los varones y a medida que aumentaba la edad, especialmente para la IgA (p < 0,05). Sólo el 3,6% (IC del 95%, 1,9-5,3) y el 0,7% (IC del 95%, 0,03-1,4) de los sujetos presentaron títulos de IgG 1:256 o 1:512, respectivamente. Conclusiones: C. pneumoniae mantiene una alta seroprevalencia de infección en la población adulta española
Background and objective: Chlamydophila pneumoniae is an intracelular pathogen involved in the inflammatory pathogenesis of some chronic diseases with high prevalence. Infectivity is supposed to be high because the serologic patterns published are widely spread out all over the world. However, the prevalence in the Spanish adult population is unknown. Our goal was to assess the seroprevalence of specific IgG and IgA against C. pneumoniae in the general adult population performing an indirect immunofluorescence assay. Material and method: 462 serum samples were analysed from subjects over 15 years of age in the general population in Valladolid. Results: IgG 1:16 seroprevalence was 74.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 69.7-78.6) and IgG 1:64 was 32.2% (95% CI, 27.6-36.8), whereas IgA 1:16 was 21.5% (95% CI, 17.7-25.4) and IgA 1:32 was 5.2% (95% CI, 3.3-7.2). Higher titles were found in men and with increasing age, specially for IgA (p < 0.05). Only 3.6% (95% CI, 1.9-5.3) and 0.7% (95% CI, 0.03-1.4) of subjects showed titles IgG 1:256 or 1:512, respectively. Almost one fourth showed a title 1:16 for both immunoglobulins. Conclusions: Chlamydophila pneumoniae maintains a high seroprevalence of infection in the Spanish adult population
