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1.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 78(3/4): e48-e53, mar.-abr. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-202541

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: La patología infecciosa es un motivo de consulta muy frecuente. Distinguir entre infecciones bacterianas y víricas es un reto que ocasiona tratamientos antibióticos inapropiados. Nuestro objetivo fue estudiar la fiabilidad de la PCT, la PCR y el recuento de leucocitos y neutrófilos totales para diferenciar infecciones en pacientes hospitalizados. MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo unicéntrico en el que se revisaron las historias clínicas de los mayores de 3 meses ingresados con infección confirmada por cultivo o PCR viral, desde el 1 de enero hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2016 en el servicio de pediatría de un hospital de primer nivel. Se dividieron en función de si la etiología comprobada de su infección era bacteriana o vírica. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 328 pacientes, con una media de edad de 2,3 años y DE= 3,5; el 40,2% presentó una infección bacteriana y el 59,8% una vírica. Los primeros presentaron cifras mayores de leucocitos, neutrófilos totales, PCR y PCT que los segundos, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p <0,05). En las curvas ROC del modelo predictivo, el ABC para leucocitos fue de 0,58, neutrófilos 0,55, PCR 0,6 y PCT 0,59. Con la regresión logística se obtuvieron unas fórmulas de predicción de infección bacteriana significativas combinando valores de PCR y leucocitos en sangre pero con una R cuadrado de 0,107 y un ABC de 0,665. Se evaluaron las pruebas diagnósticas para niveles de PCR superiores a 7 mg/dL con una sensibilidad del 49%, una especificidad del 77%, un VPP del 56% y un VPN del 69%. CONCLUSIONES: Los instrumentos analíticos de la práctica clínica habitual son poco fiables para distinguir entre infecciones bacterianas y víricas. Sería recomendable elaborar modelos predictivos que tengan en cuenta valores analíticos y clínicos. Será útil el empleo de técnicas diagnósticas como la PCR para virus respiratorios


INTRODUCTION: Infectious pathology is a common cause of paediatric consultations. The aim of this study was to analyse the usefulness of CRP, PCT levels, leukocytes and absolute neutrophils counts, to differentiate between bacterial and viral infections in hospitalized children, with the purpose of avoiding a high percentage of unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on children older than 3 months, admitted to the hospital paediatric service, with confirmed infection by positive culture or viral CRP. We reviewed the data of the clinical histories from January 1 to December 31, 2016. Patients were divided into two groups depending on whether the proven aetiology of their infection was bacterial or viral. RESULTS: A total of 328 patients were included, with a mean age of 2.3 years, SD= 3,5, of which 40.2% had a confirmed bacterial infection and 59.8% had a viral infection. Patients with confirmed bacterial infection had higher levels of leukocytes, total neutrophils, CRP and PCT than patients with viral infections, there being statistically significant differences in these variables (p <0.05). Regarding the ROC curves performed in the predictive model, the AUC for leukocytes was 0.58, for neutrophils 0.55, for CRP 0.6 and for PCT 0.59. With the logistic regression, some prediction formulas for bacterial infection were obtained that were only significant combining the values of CRP and leukocytes in blood, but with a coefficient of determination (r2) of 0.107 and an AUC of 0.665. Diagnostic tests were also evaluated for CRP levels higher than 7 mg/dL with a sensitivity of 49%, a specificity of 77%, as well as a PPV of 56% and a NPV of 69%. CONCLUSIONS: The analitic techniques used in the routine clinical practice are unreliable to distinguish between bacterial and viral infections. Therefore, it would be advisable to develop predictive models of bacterial infection that take into account both analytical and clinical values. It would also be useful to use, in routine clinical practice, diagnostic techniques such as CRP for respiratory viruses


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis , Pneumonia, Bacterial/diagnosis , C-Reactive Protein/analysis , Procalcitonin/analysis , Biomarkers/analysis , Retrospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity , Predictive Value of Tests
2.
Respir Physiol Neurobiol ; 259: 70-74, 2019 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30081211

ABSTRACT

The current study aimed to analyze the effects of physical conditioning inclusion on apnea performance after a 22-week structured apnea training program. Twenty-nine male breath-hold divers participated and were allocated into: (1) cross-training in apnea and physical activity (CT; n = 10); (2) apnea training only (AT; n = 10); and control group (CG; n = 9). Measures were static apnea (STA), dynamic with fins (DYN) and dynamic no fins (DNF) performance, body composition, hemoglobin, vital capacity (VC), maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max), resting metabolic rate, oxygen saturation, and pulse during a static apnea in dry conditions at baseline and after the intervention. Total performance, referred as POINTS (constructed from the variables STA, DNF and DYN) was used as a global performance variable on apnea indoor diving. + 30, +26 vs. + 4 average POINTS of difference after-before training for CT, AT and CG respectively were found. After a discriminant analysis, CT appears to be the most appropriate for DNF performance. The post-hoc analysis determined that the CT was the only group in which the difference of means was significant before and after training for the VC (p < 0.01) and VO2max (p < 0.05) variables. Inclusion of physical activity in apnea training increased VC and VO2max in breath hold divers; divers who followed a mixed training, physical training and hypoxic training, achieved increased DNF performance.


Subject(s)
Breath Holding , Diving/physiology , Exercise/physiology , Physical Conditioning, Human/methods , Adult , Body Mass Index , Heart Rate , Hematocrit , Hemoglobins/metabolism , Humans , Male , Oxygen Consumption/physiology , Vital Capacity
3.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 19(73): 15-21, ene.-mar. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-161854

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: estudiar la prevalencia del colecho en las familias de los niños que acuden a las consultas pediátricas de Atención Primaria y su relación con determinados aspectos de la crianza. Pacientes y métodos: estudio de casos y controles mediante cuestionario. Se han recogido 317 encuestas de niños con edades comprendidas entre 6 y 24 meses y pertenecientes a dos consultas de Atención Primaria de Madrid. Los niños que practicaban colecho se consideraron como casos, y los que no lo practicaban se consideraron el grupo de control. El número de despertares nocturnos por encima de tres, los episodios de infecciones respiratorias de vías bajas y la duración de la lactancia materna exclusiva o complementada fueron utilizadas como medidas de resultado. Resultados: en el análisis multivariante, las variables relacionadas positivamente con el colecho son: el tiempo de lactancia materna exclusiva, odds ratio (OR) = 1,127 (p = 0,008) y mixta OR = 1,126 (p < 0,0001); el número de niños con más de tres despertares nocturnos, OR = 1,844 (p = 0,001), y el tabaquismo de uno o ambos progenitores, OR = 2,290 (p = 0,008). El nivel socioeconómico actúa como factor de protección, OR = 0,545 (p = 0,001). La presencia de infecciones respiratorias de vías bajas fue más frecuente en el grupo con colecho, pero no tuvo significación estadística en el análisis multivariante. Conclusiones: los resultados obtenidos muestran que la práctica del colecho facilita la instauración de la lactancia materna y su prolongación en el tiempo, y sin embargo favorece que los niños se despierten con mayor frecuencia en la noche y propicia que padezcan más procesos infecciosos de vías bajas. El bajo nivel socioeconómico y el tabaquismo de las familias son factores ligados a la práctica del colecho (AU)


Objective: to study the prevalence of co-sleeping in in the families of children attending pediatric Primary Care consultations and its relation with a certain number of aspects of their upbringing. Patients and methods: case-control study with assessment questionnaires. A total of 317 surveys were collected from parents of children between the ages of 6 and 24 months who belonged to two Primary Care consultations in Madrid-Spain. Children who practiced co-sleeping were considered as cases whereas those who did not were considered control group. The number of nocturnal awakenings, episodes of lower respiratory tract infection and the duration of exclusive or complementary breastfeeding have been used as outcome indicators. Results: the variables positively related to co-sleeping in the multivariate analysis are: the duration of exclusive breastfeeding, odds ratio (OR) = 1,127 (p = 0,008) and complementary breastfeeding, OR = 0,126 (p < 0,0001); the number of nocturnal awakenings over three times, OR = 1,844 (p = 0,001) and smoking habit by one or both progenitors OR = 2,290 (p = 0,008). The socioeconomic level acts as a protection factor OR = 0,545 (p = 0,001). The presence of lower respiratory tract infections was more frequent in the co-sleeping group, but had no statistical significance in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions: the results indicate that co-sleeping favours breastfeeding and its extension through time. Nevertheless, it also favours children’s nocturnal awakening and increases the risk of lower respiratory infections. The low socioeconomic level of the families and tobacco smoking are factors that favour co-sleeping (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Sleep/physiology , Primary Health Care/methods , Sleep Wake Disorders/epidemiology , Child Rearing/trends , Habits , Breast Feeding/statistics & numerical data , Case-Control Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Confidence Intervals , Statistics, Nonparametric , Logistic Models
4.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 18(71): 213-218, jul.-sept. 2016. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-156602

ABSTRACT

Introducción: en los últimos años han surgido propuestas diferentes sobre la necesidad de suplementar la dieta con vitamina D. Estamos asistiendo a un repunte del déficit relacionado con situaciones que aumentan el riesgo: prematuridad, lactancia materna exclusiva prolongada, personas de piel oscura, baja exposición solar. Objetivo: averiguar si el déficit de vitamina D es un problema frecuente en los niños de un núcleo urbano de la costa mediterránea. Material y métodos: estudio observacional. Determinación de la vitamina D en niños de 0 a 15 años, durante un periodo de 18 meses, de un cupo urbano de Atención Primaria, coincidiendo con una extracción sanguínea por cualquier causa. Análisis estadístico: estadística descriptiva e inferencial, análisis de conformidad de la muestra. Resultados: se realizaron 145 determinaciones. Un 42,1% fueron niños inmigrantes y un 57,9% nacionales. Del total de la muestra, el 37,9% presentaban algún grado de déficit de vitamina D: leve el 67,3%, moderado el 21,8% y grave el 10,9%. El 30% de los varones y el 44% de las mujeres tenían déficit. Un 20% de los niños autóctonos presentaba déficit de vitamina D frente al 62% de los niños inmigrantes (p < 0,001%). Entre los niños nacionales tenía déficit el 15% de los varones y el 24% de las mujeres; entre los inmigrantes el 45% de los varones y el 82% de las mujeres. Conclusiones: el déficit de vitamina D es muy frecuente en nuestro medio. Los inmigrantes de sexo femenino, sobre todo si son adolescentes, son los que tienen más probabilidad de presentarlo (AU)


Introduction: in recent years several proposals have been made on the need to supplement the diet with vitamin D. We are witnessing a rise in the deficit, related to situations that increase the risk: prematu­rity, prolonged exclusive breastfeeding, dark-skinned immigrants, less sun exposure. Objective: find out if vitamin D deficiency is a common problem in children of a village in the Mediter­ranean coast. Material and methods: observational study. Vitamin D value determination, for a period of 18 months, in children from 0 to 15 years assigned to a Primary Care center, in a blood sample obtained coinciding with any reason. Sta­tistical analysis: Descriptive and inferential statistics, analysis of conformity of the sample. Results: 145 determinations were performed. 42.1% immigrant children and 57.9% national. The total sample 37.9% had some degree of vitamin D deficiency: mild: 67.3%, moderate: 21.8%, severe: 10.9%. 30% of men and 44% of women had deficits. 20% of Spanish children had vitamin D defi­ciency compared to 62% of immigrant children (p <0.001%). Between national children he had deficit 15% of men and 24% of women. Among immigrants, 45% of men and 82% of women. Conclusions: vitamin D deficiency is very common in our environment. Immigrants, female sex, espe­cially if they are teenagers are the ones who are more likely to present it (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Vitamin D Deficiency/diet therapy , Vitamin D Deficiency/epidemiology , Vitamin D Deficiency/prevention & control , Emigrants and Immigrants/statistics & numerical data , Infant, Premature/physiology , Primary Health Care/methods , Primary Health Care , Odds Ratio , Risk Groups
5.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 18(71): e121-e124, jul.-sept. 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-156614

ABSTRACT

Los quistes de cordón umbilical aparecen en el 3% de los embarazos. Se clasifican en pseudoquistes y verdaderos quistes. La mayoría de los quistes diagnosticados durante el primer trimestre de gestación carecen de significación patológica, pero el 13% puede presentar alteraciones estructurales, y cuanto más persistan a lo largo del embarazo más aumenta el riesgo de las mismas. Estas anomalías son más frecuentes si el quiste se sitúa cerca de la inserción fetal o placentaria, son excéntricos y son múltiples. Cuando son diagnosticados en el segundo y tercer trimestre pueden llegar a asociar hasta en un 50% de los casos anomalías estructurales y cromosómicas. El uraco es una estructura que conecta la cúpula de la vejiga a la pared abdominal anterior, a nivel del ombligo. Durante el desarrollo temprano es un tubo permeable, pero posteriormente se oblitera, quedando un cordón de tejido sólido. Persiste en 1/150 000 recién nacidos. Según a que nivel persista el uraco se clasifica en: uraco permeable, quiste, seno o divertículo. El diagnóstico se realiza por ecografía. Se puede realizar fistulografía previa a la cirugía. A veces pueden ser necesarias otras pruebas de imagen. El tratamiento debe ser quirúrgico y precoz, por riesgo de infección local o del tracto urinario, sepsis y degeneración maligna (AU)


Umbilical cord cysts occur in 3% of pregnancies. They are classified as true cysts and pseudocysts. Most cysts diagnosed during the first trimester of pregnancy have no pathological significance, but 13% may have structural alterations, and if they persist throughout pregnancy increases the percentage. These abnormalities are more frequent if the cyst is close to the fetal or placental insertion, are eccentric and multiple. When they are diagnosed in the second and third quarter, they may associate up to 50% structural and chromosomal abnormalities. The urachus is a structure that connects the bladder to the anterior abdominal wall, at the navel. During the early development is a permeable tube but subsequently obliterated, leaving a solid cord tissue. It persists in 1/150 000 newborns. According to the level of the persistent urachus it is classified into patent urachus, cyst, sinus or diverticulum. The diagnosis is made by ultrasound. Fistulography can be performed before surgery. The abdominal CT scan or MR may be needed to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment should be surgical and prompt, to avoid the risk of local infection, or urinary infection, sepsis and malignant degeneration (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant , Wharton Jelly/surgery , Wharton Jelly , Urachal Cyst/complications , Urachal Cyst/surgery , Urachal Cyst , Silver Nitrate/therapeutic use , Wharton Jelly/abnormalities , Umbilical Cord/pathology , Umbilical Cord , Ultrasonography/methods
6.
An. pediatr. (2003. Ed. impr.) ; 84(4): 189-194, abr. 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-151004

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Estudiar el impacto de la crisis económica sobre las familias de los niños que acuden a las consultas de Atención Primaria y su relación con el nivel socioeconómico. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo observacional mediante cuestionario. Se han recogido 453 encuestas de niños entre 1 y 7 años de edad pertenecientes a 4 consultas de Atención Primaria de Madrid. Se analizaron datos crudos, comparaciones entre grupos y análisis multivariante. RESULTADOS: En el análisis multivariante, las variables relacionadas con no comprar medicamentos prescritos son: tener menor nivel de ingresos OR=0,118 p < 0,0001 y de estudios OR=0,464, p = 0,001; con la disminución del gasto en alimentación: tener menos ingresos OR=0,100, p < 0,0001 y el número de miembros de la familia OR=1,308, p = 0,045; con vacunarse frente a rotavirus sin financiación influye el tener mayor nivel de ingresos OR=2,170, p = 0,0001 y de estudios OR=1,835, p = 0,013 y no ser inmigrante OR=0,532, p = 0,037. La presencia de problemas de salud desde la crisis está relacionada con encontrarse en paro OR=4,079, p = 0,032 y tener menor nivel de estudios R=0,678, p = 0,042 y de ingresos OR=0,342, p < 0,0001. En todos los casos los modelos presentaron una significación estadística para p < 0,0001. CONCLUSIONES: La crisis tiene mayor impacto en el grupo con menor nivel de ingresos en todas las variables analizadas. Influye el tener menor nivel de estudios y el número de miembros de la familia en la disminución de gasto en alimentación, el ser inmigrante en la no vacunación por rotavirus y el estar en paro en la presencia de problemas de salud en la familia. En resumen la crisis ha aumentado las desigualdades de acuerdo con el nivel socioeconómico


OBJECTIVE: To study the impact of the economic crisis on the families of the children who attend Primary Health Care and its relationship with their socioeconomic status. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Observational descriptive study was conducted by analysing the results of 453 questionnaires, given to the parents of children between 1 and 7 years old who attended 4 paediatric clinics in Madrid. The raw data was analysed, and comparisons between groups and multivariate analysis were performed. RESULTS: In the multivariate analysis, the variables related to the non-acquisition of prescribed medication are: lower income level OR=0.118, p<.0001 and lower educational level OR=0.464, p<.001; the variables related to the reduction of food expenditure are: lower income level OR=0.100, p<.0001 and a higher number of family members OR=1.308, p=.045; the variables related to anti-pneumococcal vaccination without public funding are: higher income level OR=2.170, p=.0001, higher educational level OR=1.835, p=.013, and not being an immigrant OR=0.532, p=.037. The presence of health problems from the beginning of the economic crisis is related to unemployment OR=4.079, p=.032, lower educational level R=0.678, p=.042, and income level OR=0.342, p<.0001. In all cases, the models achieved a statistical significance of p<.0001. CONCLUSIONS: The economic crisis has greater impact on the group with the lowest income level in all analysed variables. The lower educational level and higher number of family members has an impact on the reduction in food expenditure. The fact of being an immigrant has an impact on not receiving the anti-pneumococcal and rotavirus vaccination. Unemployment leads to an increase in health problems in the family. To sum up, the economic crisis has increased inequalities according to socioeconomic status


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Health Evaluation/methods , Value of Life/economics , Child Care/economics , Child Care , Child Health , Primary Health Care/economics , Primary Health Care , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Observational Study , Spain
7.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 84(4): 189-94, 2016 Apr.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26404784

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To study the impact of the economic crisis on the families of the children who attend Primary Health Care and its relationship with their socioeconomic status. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Observational descriptive study was conducted by analysing the results of 453 questionnaires, given to the parents of children between 1 and 7 years old who attended 4 paediatric clinics in Madrid. The raw data was analysed, and comparisons between groups and multivariate analysis were performed. RESULTS: In the multivariate analysis, the variables related to the non-acquisition of prescribed medication are: lower income level OR=0.118, p<.0001 and lower educational level OR=0.464, p<.001; the variables related to the reduction of food expenditure are: lower income level OR=0.100, p<.0001 and a higher number of family members OR=1.308, p=.045; the variables related to anti-pneumococcal vaccination without public funding are: higher income level OR=2.170, p=.0001, higher educational level OR=1.835, p=.013, and not being an immigrant OR=0.532, p=.037. The presence of health problems from the beginning of the economic crisis is related to unemployment OR=4.079, p=.032, lower educational level R=0.678, p=.042, and income level OR=0.342, p<.0001. In all cases, the models achieved a statistical significance of p<.0001. CONCLUSIONS: The economic crisis has greater impact on the group with the lowest income level in all analysed variables. The lower educational level and higher number of family members has an impact on the reduction in food expenditure. The fact of being an immigrant has an impact on not receiving the anti-pneumococcal and rotavirus vaccination. Unemployment leads to an increase in health problems in the family. To sum up, the economic crisis has increased inequalities according to socioeconomic status.


Subject(s)
Economic Recession , Health Services Accessibility/economics , Pediatrics/economics , Primary Health Care/economics , Socioeconomic Factors , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Income , Infant , Parents , Surveys and Questionnaires
8.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 17(68): 347-350, oct.-dic. 2015. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-146935

ABSTRACT

La miositis osificante traumática es una patología infrecuente de etiopatogenia incierta, aunque actualmente se acepta que se produce por metaplasia de las células mesenquimales del tejido conectivo. Suele afectar a adolescentes y adultos jóvenes, generalmente como consecuencia de un traumatismo sobre una zona muscular; en el 80% de los casos se localiza en las extremidades inferiores. La clínica aparece dos o tres semanas después del traumatismo, aunque la mayoría de pacientes no recuerda el evento causal. Para el diagnóstico se puede requerir radiografía simple, ecografía, tomografía axial computarizada o resonancia magnética, que a veces no pueden distinguir esta patología de otras lesiones malignas como sarcomas de partes blandas u osteosarcomas. Por ello, para el diagnóstico de certeza, con frecuencia se requiere biopsia. El tratamiento generalmente es conservador. La cirugía solo se realiza en casos seleccionados por el riesgo de recidiva (AU)


Traumatic myositis ossificans is a rare pathology of uncertain etiology although it is now accepted that it is by metaplasia of connective tissue. It usually affects adolescents and young adults, usually as a result of trauma on a muscular area, 80% in the lower extremities. Clinical appears two or three weeks after although most patients do not remember the trauma. For diagnosis may be required radiography, ultrasonography, computed tomography or magnetic resonance, that sometimes, they cannot distinguish from malignant lesions such as soft tissue sarcomas or osteosarcomas. Therefore, definitive diagnosis often requires biopsy. Treatment is usually conservative. Surgery is performed only in selected cases for risk of recurrence (AU)


Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Myositis Ossificans/diagnosis , Muscles/injuries , Diagnosis, Differential , Biopsy
9.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 15(59): 221-227, jul.-sept. 2013. tab, ilus
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-115827

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la ambliopía es la causa más común de pérdida de visión prevenible en los países desarrollados, la padece el 2-5% de la población. El estrabismo afecta al 3-6%. El objetivo primordial del programa de cribado visual es detectar precozmente estos defectos. Objetivos: constatar la existencia de material básico en las consultas para realizar cribado visual y evaluar los conocimientos básicos que deberían tener los profesionales que lo realizan. Material y métodos: evaluación de la existencia del material en las consultas y los conocimientos básicos recomendados por la Asociación Española de Pediatría de Atención Primaria. Se realizó mediante una encuesta de 29 preguntas. Los resultados fueron sometidos a análisis estadístico: análisis descriptivo, bivariante mediante T-test y análisis de la varianza. Resultados: contestaron nuestra encuesta 56 personas: 40 médicos y 16 enfermeras de 15 Áreas Básicas de Salud. Ausencia de material en consultas: 32,1% optotipo, 51,8% gafas con lentes +2 dioptrías, 10,7% oftalmoscopio. Desconocimiento de la utilidad del material: 71,4% distancia lectura optotipo, 71,4% dirección lectura optotipo, 60,7% optotipo adecuado a la edad, 35,7% gafas con lentes +2 dioptrías. Desconocimiento de los criterios de derivación: 92,9% agudeza visual a los cuatro años, 53,6% estrabismo fijo, 53,6% estrabismo latente, 33,9% anisometropía. Respuestas correctas de los médicos: 49,89%. Respuestas correctas de las enfermeras: 37,23%. Conclusiones: se constatan la falta de material adecuado en las consultas y el desconocimiento del personal sobre cómo usarlo. Se pone de manifiesto el desconocimiento del desarrollo visual normal, las exploraciones que se deben realizar y los motivos de derivación. Y se observan diferencias en el cribado si este lo realiza el médico o la enfermera. La falta de conocimientos es similar en nuestro entorno (AU)


Introduction: amblyopia is the most common cause of preventable vision loss in developed countries and it affects 2-5% of the general population. Strabismus affects 3-6%. The primary objective of the vision screening program is early detection of these defects. Objectives: to verify the existence of basic material in the medical office for vision screening and to evaluate the basic knowledge that professionals who do it should have. Material and methods: the assessment of the existence of material in the medical office and the basic knowledge recommended by the Spanish Association of Paediatric Primary Care was performed by a survey of 29 questions. The results were subjected to statistical analysis: descriptive analysis, bivariate analysis using t-test and analysis of variance. Results: 56 people answered our survey: 40 doctors and 16 nurses from 15 Basic Health Areas. Material absence in surgeries: 32.1% optotype, 51.8% +2D lens, 10.7% ophthalmoscope. Ignorance of material utility: 71.4% reading distance optotype, 71.4% optotype reading direction, 60.7% optotype appropriate age, 35.7% +2D lens glasses. Ignorance referral criteria: 92.9% visual acuity at 4 years, 53.6% fixed strabismus, 53.6% latent strabismus, 33.9% anisometropia. Doctors correct answers: 49.89%. Nurses correct answers: 37.23%. Conclusions: lack of suitable material in surgeries and staff ignorance of how to use it is assessed. Lack of knowledge about normal visual development, exams to carry out and reasons for referral are also revealed. There is difference in screening if it is done by the doctor or nurse. Lack of knowledge is similar in our environment (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Vision Screening/instrumentation , Vision Screening/methods , Vision Screening , Amblyopia/epidemiology , Amblyopia/prevention & control , Strabismus/epidemiology , Visual Acuity/immunology , Visual Acuity/physiology , Vision Screening/organization & administration , Vision Screening/standards , Vision Screening/trends , Primary Health Care/methods , Primary Health Care , Health Surveys/statistics & numerical data , Socioeconomic Survey
10.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 15(58): 109-115, abr.-jun. 2013. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-113502

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: estudiar la utilidad de la solución salina hipertónica (SSH) al 3% inhalada en el tratamiento de la bronquiolitis aguda (BA) del lactante hospitalizado. Pacientes y métodos: estudio de casos y controles realizado con 639 pacientes de edad inferior a siete meses e ingresados con diagnóstico de BA, primer episodio, durante tres periodos estacionales consecutivos, en la sección de lactantes de un hospital pediátrico de Madrid (España). Los pacientes que recibieron como tratamiento, durante los dos primeros periodos estacionales, suero salino fisiológico (SSF) inhalado con o sin medicación se consideraron el grupo control y los pacientes que recibieron, durante el tercer periodo estacional, suero salino hipertónico al 3% inhalado con o sin medicación se consideraron como casos. Los días de hospitalización y las horas de oxigenoterapia fueron utilizados como medidas de resultado. Resultados: de la totalidad de los niños estudiados, 460 recibieron SSF inhalado, y 179 recibieron SSH al 3%. En el grupo que recibió SSF, la estancia media en el hospital fue de 5,16 días (intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC 95%]: 4,78-5,56) y el tiempo medio de oxigenoterapia fue de 57,34 (IC 95%: 52,93-61,75) frente a 4,90 días (IC 95%: 4,64-5,07) y 67,53 horas (IC 95%: 60,36-74,69), respectivamente, en el grupo tratado con SSH. Estos resultados no alcanzan significación estadística. Los pacientes con estudio positivo de virus respiratorio sincitial (VRS) en aspirado nasofaríngeo y que recibieron SSF necesitaron menos horas de oxígeno de manera significativa (p=0,004), así como aquellos que tenían edad <3 meses (p=0,007). Conclusiones: los resultados obtenidos muestran que la SSH al 3% inhalada no resulta eficaz para reducir la estancia hospitalaria ni el tiempo de oxigenoterapia en los pacientes con BA; además, en los niños menores de tres meses y con estudio positivo de VRS en aspirado nasofaríngeo la aplicación de SSF inhalado consiguió una necesidad menor de horas de oxígeno (AU)


Objective: to study the utility of nebulized 3% hypertonic saline solution (HSS) in hospitalized infants with acute bronchiolitis. Patients and methods: case-control studies accomplished on 639 patients of age less than 7 months old and hospitalized with the diagnosis of acute bronchiolitis, first episode, during 3 consecutive seasons in a pediatric department in Madrid. The patients who received 0.9% saline solution (FSS), with or without medication, during the 2 first seasons were considered the control group and the patients who received, the last season period, nebulized 3% hypertonic saline solution were considered the cases group. The days of hospitalization and the hours of oxygen therapy were used as the result measurement. Results: from the total of the studied children, 460 received 0.9% saline solution and 179 received 3% hypertonic saline solution. In the group receiving FSS the average stay in hospital was 5.16 days (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 4.78-5.56) and the average time of oxygen therapy was 57.34 hours (95% CI 52.93-61.75) opposite to 4.90 days (95% CI 4.64-5.07) and 67.53 hours (95% CI 60.36- 74.69) respectively in the group that received HSS. There was no significant difference between the groups. The patients who received FSS and were positive for VRS and also patients less than 3 months old, showed a significant reduction in the oxygen therapy hours (p= 0.004 and p= 0.007 respectively). Conclusions: results show that 3% hypertonic saline solution has not been effective in reducing hospital stay or length of oxygen therapy in patients with acute bronchiolitis; but nebulized 0,9% saline solution in children with age <3 months and positive study of respiratory syncitial virus in nasopharyngeal aspirate showed a reduced need of hours of oxygen (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Bronchiolitis/diagnosis , Bronchiolitis/therapy , Saline Solution, Hypertonic/administration & dosage , Saline Solution, Hypertonic/therapeutic use , /trends , Saline Solution, Hypertonic/metabolism , Saline Solution, Hypertonic/pharmacokinetics , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/methods , Treatment Outcome , Evaluation of the Efficacy-Effectiveness of Interventions , Confidence Intervals , Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/isolation & purification
11.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 77(1): 5-11, jul. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-101253

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Estudiar la utilidad de una modalidad específica de fisioterapia respiratoria, consistente en maniobras de espiración lenta prolongada seguida de tos provocada, en el tratamiento de la bronquiolitis aguda (BA) del lactante hospitalizado. Pacientes y métodos: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado y doble ciego realizado con 236 pacientes de edad inferior a 7 meses e ingresados con diagnóstico de bronquiolitis aguda, primer episodio, en la sección de lactantes de un hospital pediátrico de Madrid. Los pacientes fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en el momento del ingreso en dos grupos: los que recibieron maniobras de fisioterapia respiratoria y los que recibieron otras maniobras placebo. Únicamente los fisioterapeutas que intervinieron en el estudio conocían la asignación de los niños. Los días de hospitalización y las horas de oxigenoterapia fueron utilizados como medida de resultado. Resultados: De la totalidad de los niños estudiados, el 57,6% recibió maniobras de fisioterapia respiratoria y el 42,4% restante recibió maniobras placebo. En el grupo que recibió fisioterapia la estancia media en el hospital fue de 4,56 días (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 4,36-6,06) y el tiempo medio de oxigenoterapia fue de 49,98 horas (IC del 95%, 43,64-67,13) frente a 4,54 días (IC del 95%, 3,81-5,73) y 53,53 horas (IC del 95%, 48,03-81,40), respectivamente, en el grupo que no recibió fisioterapia. Estos resultados en ningún caso alcanzan significación estadística. Los pacientes con estudio positivo de VRS (virus respiratorio sincitial) en aspirado nasofaríngeo y que recibieron maniobras de fisioterapia necesitaron menos horas de oxigenoterapia 48,80 horas (IC del 95%, 42,94-55,29) frente a 58,68 horas (IC del 95%, 55,46-65,52), respectivamente, siendo el único resultado estadísticamente significativo (p=0,042). Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la fisioterapia respiratoria no ha sido eficaz para reducir la estancia hospitalaria ni el tiempo de oxigenoterapia en los pacientes con bronquiolitis aguda, sin embargo, en los niños con estudio positivo de VRS en aspirado nasofaríngeo se observó una necesidad menor de horas de oxígeno (p=0,042) (AU)


Objetive: To study the utility of chest physiotherapy by increased exhalation technique with assisted cough in the acute bronchiolite of the hospitalized new-born babys. Patients and methods: Double-blind clinical trial accomplished on 236 patients of age lower than 7 months and hospitalizad with diagnosis of acute bronchiolitis, first episode, in a pediatric department in Madrid. The patients were randomized in two groups: those who have received maneuvers of chest physiotherapy and those who have received maneuvers placebo. Only physiotherapist were aware of the allocation group of the infants. The days of hospitalization and the hours of oxygen therapy were used like result measurement. Results: From the totality of the studied children 57,6% received maneuvers of chest physiotherapy and 42,4% remaining received maneuvers placebo. In the group that received chest physiotherapy the average stay in the hospital was 4,56 days (95% confidence interval [CI] 4,36-6,06) and the average time of oxygen therapy was 49,98 (95% CI 43,64-67,13) hours opposite to 4,54 days (95%CI 3,81-5,73) and 53,53hours (95% CI 48,03-81,40) respectively in the group that did not receive chest physiotherapy. In the patients with analytical print for VRS and that received chest physiotherapy less hours of oxygen therapy were needed 48,80hours (95% CI 42,94-55,29) opposite to 56,68hours (95% CI 55,46-65,52) respectively, being the only one turned out as per statistics significantly (P=.042). Conclusions: Results show that chest physiotherapy has not been effective in reducing hospital stay or length of oxygen therapy in patients with acute bronchiolitis, but in the positive study of children with respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal aspirate showed a reduced need hours of oxygen. hours (P=.042)(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Bronchiolitis/therapy , Breathing Exercises , Child, Hospitalized , Double-Blind Method , Evaluation of the Efficacy-Effectiveness of Interventions
12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22697004

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Alternaria alternata is a risk factor for developing asthma.Alt a 1, which has been described as the major allergen in A alternata, shows a good correlation with A alternata spores only when they have germinated. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between spore counts and clinical symptoms in patients with allergic asthma and/or rhinitis monosensitized to A alternata. METHODS: Two types of samplers were used to determine exposure: a Burkard spore trap to collect A alternata spores and a high-volume air sampler to collect airborne particles. A total of 366 air filters were collected. Alt a 1 levels were measured by monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Eighteen monosensitized patients were asked to record their daily symptoms throughout the year. RESULTS: A alternata spores were detected throughout the year, whereas Alt a 1 was detected only between March and December. Symptoms showed positive and significant correlations with spore counts (r=0.459, P<.001), and Alt a 1 levels (r=0.294, P<.001). The correlation between spores and Alt a 1 was low. The negative binomial model proved that an increase of 10 pg/m3 in Alt a 1 levels increased the number of symptoms at a 3-day lag by 5%. CONCLUSIONS: In patients who are allergic to A alternata, Alt a 1 levels can be considered an important marker for predicting the risk of respiratory symptoms.


Subject(s)
Allergens/immunology , Alternaria/immunology , Asthma/immunology , Fungal Proteins/immunology , Rhinitis/immunology , Adolescent , Adult , Air Microbiology , Allergens/analysis , Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology , Colony Count, Microbial/methods , Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic , Female , Fungal Proteins/analysis , Humans , Male , Spores/immunology , Young Adult
13.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 77(1): 5-11, 2012 Jul.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22281403

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: [corrected] To study the utility of chest physiotherapy by increased exhalation technique with assisted cough in the acute bronchiolite of the hospitalized new-born babys. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Double-blind clinical trial accomplished on 236 patients of age lower than 7 months and hospitalizad with diagnosis of acute bronchiolitis, first episode, in a pediatric department in Madrid.The patients were randomized in two groups: those who have received maneuvers of chest physiotherapy and those who have received maneuvers placebo. Only physiotherapist were aware of the allocation group of the infants. The days of hospitalization and the hours of oxygentherapy were used like result measurement. RESULTS: From the totality of the studied children 57,6% received maneuvers of chest physiotherapy and 42,4% remaining received maneuvers placebo. In the group that received chest physiotherapy the average stay in the hospital was 4,56 days (95% confidence interval [CI] 4,36-6,06) and the average time of oxygentherapy was 49,98 (95% CI 43,64-67,13) hours opposite to 4,54 days (95%CI 3,81-5,73) and 53,53 hours (95% CI 48,03-81,40) respectively in the group that did not receive chest physiotherapy. In the patients with analytical print for VRS and that received chest physiotherapy less hours of oxygen therapy were needed 48,80 hours (95% CI 42,94-55,29) opposite to 56,68 hours (95% CI 55,46-65,52) respectively, being the only one turned out as per statistics significantly (P=.042). CONCLUSIONS: Results show that chest physiotherapy has not been effective in reducing hospital stay or length of oxygentherapy in patients with acute bronchiolitis, but in the positive study of children with respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal aspirate showed a reduced need hours of oxygen. hours (P=.042).


Subject(s)
Bronchiolitis/therapy , Respiratory Therapy/methods , Double-Blind Method , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male
15.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 11(44): 587-595, oct.-dic. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-76287

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: estudiar la relación existente entre la exposición pasiva domiciliaria al tabacoy padecer bronquiolitis y/o episodios de cuadros respiratorios con sibilancias en niños de 0 a7 años pertenecientes a una consulta pediátrica de Atención Primaria (AP) de Madrid.Pacientes y métodos: estudio retrospectivo transversal llevado a cabo con los datos obtenidosmediante cuestionarios realizados a 506 niños de hasta 7 años de edad, pertenecientes auna consulta pediátrica de AP. Se utilizaron el test de χ2 y la odds ratio para comparar porcentajes.Se realizó un análisis multivariante con regresión logística y una regresión lineal múltiple.Resultados: de la totalidad de niños estudiados, el 24,11% presentó bronquiolitis y el26,87%, episodios de broncoespasmo. El análisis multivariante mostró que la presencia debronquiolitis está asociada positivamente con el tabaquismo materno, y que la aparición deepisodios de broncoespasmo se asocia al hecho de haber padecido bronquiolitis. El númerode episodios de broncoespasmo está asociado positivamente con el hecho de haber padecidobronquiolitis previa, con una gestación cuya duración hubiese sido menor de 36 semanas ycon el número total de cigarrillos fumados por los padres.Conclusiones: el tabaquismo materno constituye un factor de riesgo para padecer bronquiolitis;ésta, a su vez, resulta un factor de riesgo para presentar episodios de bronquitis asmatiformeposteriormente; asimismo, con respecto al número de episodios de broncoespasmo alaño, los factores de riesgo relacionados son: haber padecido una bronquiolitis previa, el númerode cigarrillos fumados por los padres y un embarazo que haya durado menos de 36 semanas (AU)


Objective: to study the relationship between domestic passive smoking and bronchiolitisand/or asthmatic bronchitis episodes in children under 7 years from a Primary Care paediatricclinic in Madrid. Subjects and methods: cross-sectional retrospective study. Information was collected byquestionnaires in 506 children aged less than 7 years. The chi-square test was used to comparepercentages. A multiple logistic and lineal regression was carried out.Results: twenty four and eleven percent of children had bronchiolitis and 26.87% sufferedasthmatic bronchitis episodes. Multivariant analysis showed that bronchiolitis was positivelyassociated with maternal smoking and asthmatic bronchitis episodes were associatedwith previous bronchiolitis. The number of respiratory events was positively associated withprevious bronchiolitis, with a history of prematurity and with the total amount of cigarettessmoked per day by both parents.Conclusions: maternal smoking is a risk factor for bronchiolitis, which in turn is a risk factorfor future asthmatic bronchitis episodes. The risk factors related to the number of asthmaticbronchitis episodes per year are: other previous bronchiolitis, the number of cigarettessmoked by parents and a history of prematurity(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects , Tobacco Smoke Pollution/prevention & control , Primary Health Care/methods , Primary Health Care , Respiratory Tract Diseases/complications , Respiratory Tract Diseases/epidemiology , Respiratory Sounds/diagnosis , Bronchiolitis/complications , Respiratory Sounds/immunology , Respiratory Sounds/physiopathology , Retrospective Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Multivariate Analysis , Logistic Models
16.
Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor ; 16(5): 279-283, jun. 2009. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-73834

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Presentar nuestra serie de pacientes a los que se ha implantado un reservorio subcutáneo permanente, el sistema elegido, la técnica y las complicaciones. Material y métodos: Entre el 1 de enero de 2005 y el 31 de diciembre de 2006, se colocaron 66 dispositivos. Los pacientes provenían desde los servicios de oncología médica y hematología. La colocación del reservorio se hizo en quirófano, bajo estrictas medidas de asepsia. Se canalizó la vena subclavia por vía infraclavicular, según la técnica de Seldinger. Una vez canalizada la vena, se realizó una incisión a unos 5 cm del punto de punción para permitir a un tunelizador guiar el catéter hasta el lugar donde se colocaría el reservorio de titanio. Posteriormente, se disecó el tejido celular subcutáneo en la zona infraclavicular hasta crear un lecho donde se deposita un pequeño depósito con una membrana de silicona que permite las inyecciones, perfusiones y extracciones sanguíneas. Se fijó el depósito y se cerraron las incisiones por planos anatómicos. Se diseñó un protocolo para la recogida de datos y seguimiento que incluía: datos de filiación, diagnóstico, indicación, tipo de catéter, vía de acceso venoso, profilaxis antibiótica, complicaciones tempranas y tardías, eventual retirada del catéter y motivo, y días de uso sin complicaciones. El seguimiento de los pacientes de realizó de forma retrospectiva hasta cierre del estudio (junio de 2007). El análisis estadístico se realizó con el programa SPSS 11.0. Resultados: La indicación fue la administración de quimioterapia; la patología predominante fue el carcinoma de mama. Los catéteres utilizados fueron del tipo Celsite ST201.La vía de acceso elegida mayoritariamente fue la vena subclavia derecha (60,6%). Aparecieron complicaciones tempranas (menos de un mes de la colocación) en 2 (3%) pacientes, consistentes en funcionamiento anómalo del catéter y un neumotórax, que se resolvió con medidas conservadoras (...) (AU)


Objectives: To present our series of patients with a permanent subcutaneous reservoir and describe the system chosen, the technique used, and complications. Material and methods: Between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2006, 66 devices were placed in patients from the Medical Oncology and Hematology Services. There servoir was placed in the operating room, under strict aseptic conditions. The subclavian vein was canalized through the infraclavicular route, following Seldinger’s technique. After the vein was canalized, an incision was made approximately 5 cm from the puncture point to allow a tunneler to guide the catheter to the area where the titanium reservoir would be placed. Subsequently, the subcutaneous cellular tissue of the infraclavicular area was dissected to create a bed where a small deposit was placed with a silicone membrane to allow injections, perfusions and blood extraction. The deposit was fixed and the incisions were closed by anatomical planes. A protocol was designed for data collection and follow-up, which included the following: affiliation, diagnosis, indication, catheter type, route of venous access, antibiotic prophylaxis, early and late complications, eventual catheter withdrawal and reason, days of use without complications. Patient follow-up was performed retrospectively until the end of the study (June 2007). The statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS 11.0 statistical package. Results: The indication was chemotherapy administration and the main disease was breast carcinoma. The type of catheter used was Celsite ST201. The most frequently chosen route of access was the right subclavian vein (60.6%). Early complications (less than 1month after placement) occurred in two patients (3%) and consisted of catheter malfunction and pneumothorax, which were resolved with conservative measures. Late complications occurred in 12 patients (18.2%) (…) (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation/adverse effects , Pain, Postoperative/epidemiology , Infusion Pumps, Implantable/adverse effects , Retrospective Studies , Catheterization/adverse effects , Prosthesis-Related Infections/epidemiology
17.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 9(36): 613-622, oct.-dic. 2007. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-64230

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: estudiar la prevalencia de la lactancia materna en la población inmigrante y españolade una consulta pediátrica de Atención Primaria de Madrid y determinar la influenciadel tabaquismo en el inicio y el mantenimiento de la lactancia materna.Sujetos y métodos: estudio retrospectivo transversal, realizado con los datos obtenidos mediantecuestionarios de 506 niños de hasta 7 años de edad, pertenecientes a una consulta deAtención Primaria de Madrid. Se utilizó el test de χ2 y la odds ratio para comparar los porcentajes.Se realizó análisis multivariante con regresión logística y regresión lineal múltiple.Resultados: del total de niños estudiados, el 16,4% eran hijos de inmigrantes, sus madresiniciaron lactancia materna en un 86,7% de los casos y la mantuvieron a los 3 meses un 75,9%.Declararon fumar el 14,4% de las mujeres extranjeras. El análisis multivariante mostró que serhijo de inmigrante está asociado positivamente, y pesar menos de 2,5 kg negativamente, con elinicio de la lactancia materna; el mantenimiento a los 3 meses está asociado negativamente conel sexo masculino del niño, el peso inferior a 2,5 kg al nacer y el tabaquismo materno. La regresiónlineal múltiple mostró que ser hijo de inmigrante y la edad del niño son factores predictivospositivos mientras que el tabaquismo materno gestacional y el sexo varón del niño lo sonnegativos para la duración de la lactancia materna.Conclusiones: las mujeres inmigrantes inician la lactancia materna en mayor proporciónque las españolas pero no la mantienen a los 3 meses. A esa edad tienen menos probabilidadesde recibir lactancia materna los recién nacidos varones, los de bajo peso y los hijos de madresfumadoras


Objectives: to study the prevalence of maternal lactation in the immigrant and native populationfrom a Primary Care paediatric clinic in Madrid and to determine the influence of thesmoking habit in the initiation and duration of breastfeeding.Subjects and methods: cross-sectional retrospective study. Information was collected byquestionnaires in 506 children up to 7 years of age. The chi-square test was used to comparepercentages. A multiple logistic and lineal regression was carried out. Results: 16.4% of children were sons and daughters of immigrants, 86.7% of their mothersinitiated breastfeeding and 75.9% of them continued breastfeeding at 3 months. 14.4% of immigrantwomen were smokers. Multivariant analysis showed that to be the children of immigrantswas positively associated with starting breastfeeding while the weight at birth < 2.5 kg was negativelyassociated; continuing maternal lactation at 3 months was negatively associated with malesex, weight < 2.5 kg at birth and smoking habit in the mother. Multiple lineal regression revealedthat the child’s age and to be children of immigrants were positive factors while smoking duringpregnancy and male sex were negative factors of breastfeeding duration respectively.Conclusions: to be immigrant is a helping factor to start breastfeeding but not for continuingit at 3 months. At 3 months, male sex, smoking habit in the mother and weight birth <2.5 kg are risk factors for not receiving breast feeding (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Emigration and Immigration/statistics & numerical data , Breast Feeding/statistics & numerical data , Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology , Breast Feeding/ethnology , Retrospective Studies , Health Surveys
18.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 61(4): 292-7, 2004 Oct.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15456583

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of socioeconomic status on healthcare demand and resource consumption in our population. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed a cross sectional, retrospective study of socioeconomic status and healthcare and pharmaceutical consumption in randomly selected patients from five primary care pediatric clinics in Madrid. The chi-square test was used to compare percentages. For the remaining analyses, nonparametric tests were used after confirming that the data followed non-normal distribution. RESULTS: We compared 684 questionnaires. Patients in the most disadvantaged socioeconomic levels consumed a greater number of drugs than those in more privileged levels (mean 0.79 vs. 0.47, p = 0.04). The mean pharmacological expenditure was also higher in the lowest socioeconomic levels than in the highest levels (5.28 Euros vs. 2.21 Euros, respectively; p = 0.001). No significant differences were found among socioeconomic levels in the number of consultations or diagnostic tests requested. The number of consultations was higher in younger patients (p < 0.001) or in those with chronic diseases (p = 0.001). Drug consumption was increased in the most disadvantaged levels (p = 0.002) and in patients with chronic diseases (p < 0.001). Lastly, pharmacological expenditure expressed in Euros was also higher in the lowest socioeconomic levels (p = 0.001) and in patients with chronic diseases (p < 0.001) but was lower if one of the parents was a foreigner (p = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS: We found a relationship between socioeconomic level and drug consumption and its attributable cost. These data should be confirmed by broader studies.


Subject(s)
Health Resources/economics , Health Resources/statistics & numerical data , Pharmaceutical Preparations/economics , Primary Health Care/economics , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Retrospective Studies , Socioeconomic Factors , Spain , Surveys and Questionnaires
19.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 61(4): 292-297, oct. 2004.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-35531

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Conocer la influencia del nivel socioeconómico en la demanda y consumo de recursos sanitarios de nuestra población. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo transversal, mediante cuestionario estructurado, del nivel socioeconómico y el consumo de recursos sanitarios y farmacéuticos en pacientes seleccionados aleatoriamente en cinco consultas de pediatría de atención primaria de Madrid. Se utilizó la prueba de la chi cuadrado (X2) para la comparación de porcentajes. Para el resto de los análisis se emplearon pruebas no paramétricas tras comprobarse la distribución anormal de los datos. Resultados: Se analizaron 684 cuestionarios. Los pacientes pertenecientes a los niveles socioeconómicos más desfavorecidos consumieron mayor número de fármacos que los de los niveles privilegiados (media, 0,79 frente a 0,47; p=0,04) y el gasto farmacéutico atribuido también fue mayor: en el nivel socioeconómico bajo el gasto medio fue de 5,28 y en el superior de 2,21 € (p=0,001). No hubo diferencias significativas entre los niveles socioeconómicos en lo que respecta al número de consultas o pruebas diagnósticas solicitadas. El número de consultas fue mayor en los pacientes de menor edad (p < 0,001) o en los que padecían alguna enfermedad crónica (p=0,001). El número de fármacos consumido se incrementó en los niveles más desfavorecidos (p=0,002) y en los pacientes con enfermedades crónicas (p < 0,001). Por último, el gasto farmacéutico expresado en euros también fue superior en los niveles socioeconómicos bajos (p=0,001) y en los pacientes con enfermedad crónica (p < 0,001), pero fue inferior si alguno de los progenitores era extranjero (p=0,031). Conclusiones: En nuestro estudio se ha encontrado una relación entre el nivel socioeconómico y el consumo de fármacos y su coste atribuido. Son necesarios estudios más amplios para confirmar estos datos (AU)


Subject(s)
Male , Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Child, Preschool , Surveys and Questionnaires , Spain , Socioeconomic Factors , Retrospective Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Primary Health Care , Health Resources , Pharmaceutical Preparations
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