ABSTRACT
The effect of two diets, respectively enriched with SFA (S) and PUFA (P), on FA tissue composition and gene expression was studied in fattened Iberian pigs. The FA composition of adipose, muscular and liver tissues was affected by dietary treatment. S group showed higher MUFA and MUFA/SFA ratio and lower PUFA and n-6/n-3 ratio than P group in all analyzed tissues. In muscle and liver the extracted lipids were separated into neutral lipids and polar lipid fractions which showed significantly different responses to the dietary treatment, especially in liver where no significant effect of diet was observed in NL fraction. The expression of six candidate genes related to lipogenesis and FA oxidation was analyzed by qPCR. In liver, stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD), acetyl CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and malic enzyme 1 (ME1) genes showed higher expression in S group. SCD, ACACA, ME1, and fatty acid synthase (FASN) gene expression levels showed a wide variation across the tested tissues, with much higher expression levels observed in adipose tissue than other tissues. Tissue FA profile and gene expression results support the deposition of dietary FA, the lipogenic effect of dietary saturated fat in liver and the employment of saturated dietary fat for endogenous synthesis of MUFA in all the analyzed tissues.
Subject(s)
Diet/veterinary , Dietary Fats/administration & dosage , Fatty Acids/analysis , Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic , Meat/analysis , Plant Oils/administration & dosage , Animals , Animals, Inbred Strains , Dietary Fats/metabolism , Fatty Acids/metabolism , Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated/analysis , Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated/metabolism , Lipogenesis , Liver/chemistry , Liver/metabolism , Male , Muscle, Skeletal/chemistry , Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism , Orchiectomy , Organ Specificity , Plant Oils/metabolism , Spain , Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal/chemistry , Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal/metabolism , Sunflower Oil , Sus scrofa , Transcription, GeneticABSTRACT
This research consists of an evaluation of the effectiveness of different substances administered as adjuvants in the stimulation of humoral immune response induced by the vaccine composed of strains A1, A2 and C of Dichelobacter nodosus. To do this, a total of 120 Merino sheep were vaccinated and revaccinated. These sheep were selected from a farm located in the region of Extremadura (Spain), and they were divided into 12 groups of 10 animals each. An additional group with 10 sheep was used as control. The immune response (titre of antibodies) was determined by agglutination tests and ELISA. The most pronounced immune response was obtained by the use of Freund's incomplete adjuvant and aluminium hydroxide as adjuvants.
Subject(s)
Adjuvants, Immunologic/standards , Antibodies, Bacterial/biosynthesis , Dichelobacter nodosus/immunology , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/veterinary , Sheep Diseases/prevention & control , Vaccination/veterinary , Agglutination Tests/veterinary , Animals , Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Body Temperature , Case-Control Studies , Dichelobacter nodosus/pathogenicity , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary , Female , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/immunology , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/prevention & control , Male , Sheep , Sheep Diseases/immunologyABSTRACT
In this work, we found it appropriate to carry out a study directed towards isolating and identifying the entailed microorganisms which trigger off footrot in sheep, placing special emphasis on the serotipification of the different Dichelobacter nodosus species. With this goal in mind four flocks from the Portuguese region of 'Alto Alentejo' were selected, all of them had one common feature: their main health problem was ovine footrot. We also set out to determine the elastolitic capacity of isolated strict-anaerobic bacteria, in order to be able to clarify the direct involvement of these microorganisms in the outbreak of this infectious process.
Subject(s)
Dichelobacter nodosus/isolation & purification , Foot Rot/epidemiology , Foot Rot/microbiology , Sheep Diseases/epidemiology , Sheep Diseases/microbiology , Animals , Fusobacterium/classification , Fusobacterium/isolation & purification , Serotyping , Sheep , Spain/epidemiologyABSTRACT
A microbiological study of 25 cases of ovine footrot was performed. Cultures belonging to Dichelobacter nodosus were isolated in 48% of the sampled animals. The sensitivity of the 99 strict anaerobic bacterial isolates to 5 antibiotics (penicillin G, amoxycillin, spiramycin, erythromycin and oxytetracycline) was studied. The percentage of resistant cultures was in all cases higher than 30%. The efficacy of erythromycin and oxytetracycline in the treatment of ovine footrot was studied. To conduct this test, an intramuscular injection was applied, of one antimicrobial or the other, at the beginning of the treatment. The tolerance of animals to the antimicrobials, the success rate of treatment and the severity of lameness were evaluated. The percentage of animals cured within 15 days was around 75%. In contrast, only 44% improvement was achieved in the lameness. No differences were found between the two antimicrobials in the above indices.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Erythromycin/therapeutic use , Foot Rot/drug therapy , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Oxytetracycline/therapeutic use , Sheep Diseases/drug therapy , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Dichelobacter nodosus/drug effects , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Erythromycin/administration & dosage , Female , Foot Rot/microbiology , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Lameness, Animal/drug therapy , Lameness, Animal/microbiology , Male , Oxytetracycline/administration & dosage , Sheep , Sheep Diseases/microbiologyABSTRACT
A study was made of the sensitivity of 39 clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria to 10 antimicrobial agents. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were calculated using a new method--the E-test (AB Biodisk, Solna, Sweden)--and compared with those obtained using the conventional agar dilution method. Agreement between the MICs obtained by the two methods with a variation of +/- 2 dilutions was 78.7%. The E-test, though less sensitive than the conventional agar dilution method, may be of value in clinical veterinary practice when rapid selection of treatment for a given infectious process is required.
