Evaluation of the Level of Psychological Distress in Construction Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Southern Spain.

The COVID-19 pandemic posed a major challenge for construction companies, which were confronted with the need to prevent the enormous negative socio-psychological impact of the pandemic on their employees. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of psychological distress among construction workers in an advanced phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Andalusia, southern Spain. For this, a cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using online questionnaires with data on sociodemographic variables and employment situation, COVID-19 pandemic-related data, and Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). A total of 860 questionnaires from all provinces of Andalusia, Spain, were collected between March and May 2022. Descriptive statistical analyses and non-parametric Mann-Whitney U and Chi-squared tests were performed, followed by logistic regression analysis. The incidence of psychological distress was higher among women, individuals under 43 years of age, those with a family income below EUR 1200, participants whose working conditions had been affected by the pandemic, those who had not received adequate means or specific training to protect themselves from infection, those who had experienced symptoms, those who had suffered side effects after vaccination, and those who had been hospitalised. The logistic regression analysis predicted the occurrence of psychological distress in this study by the effect of the pandemic on mental/emotional well-being, the working conditions affected during the pandemic, health-related variables, and the age of the worker. The correctly classified percentage was 75.1%. Assessing psychological distress in construction sectors may allow for the identification of vulnerable groups or even help to reduce the number of errors in daily practice and potential risks of occupational injury or illness.

Stress, fear, and anxiety among construction workers: a systematic review.

Objectives: The aim of this review was to assess the possible risk factors arising from working conditions, that could have an impact on the stress, fear, and anxiety of construction workers. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA format in the Pubmed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycInfo electronic databases on February 3, 2023, using the following key words: anxiety, stress, fear, and construction workers. Methodological quality was assessed using the critical appraisal tools of the Joanna Briggs Institute. Results: A total of 35 studies were included. The results showed a number of conditioning factors for stress, anxiety, and fear among construction workers such as age, inappropriate safety equipment, safety culture, high workload and long working hours, physical pain, low social support from direct supervisor or co-workers, lack of organizational justice and lack of reward, financial situation, maladaptive coping strategies, and characteristics of the pandemic. Conclusions: There are a number of risk factors related to working conditions, organizations, and individuals that can affect the levels of stress, anxiety, and fear among construction workers, such as age, work hardship, safety culture and, especially, the long hours that construction professionals work. This may lead to an increase in the number of occupational accidents and higher associated fatality rates. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022367724, identifier: CRD42022367724.

Alternatives to the Use of Mechanical Restraints in the Management of Agitation or Aggressions of Psychiatric Patients: A Scoping Review.

Coercive measures are a highly controversial issue in mental health. Although scientific evidence on their impact is limited, they are frequently used. Furthermore, they lead to a high number of ethical, legal, and clinical repercussions on both patients, and professionals and institutions. This review aims to assess the impact of the main alternative measures to prevent or limit the use of coercive measures with restraints in the management of agitated psychiatric patients. The research was conducted following the guidelines recommended by PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) in Medline, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycInfo, LILACS, and Health Database of records between 2015 and 2020. After a critical reading, 21 valid articles were included. Both simple interventions and complex restraint programs were evaluated. Training in de-escalation techniques, risk assessment, and implementation of the "six core strategies" or "Safewards" program were the most assessed and effective interventions to reduce aggressive behaviors and the use of coercive measures. According to the revised literature, it is possible to reduce the use of restraints and coercive measures and not increase the number of incidents and violent behaviors among the patients through a non-invasive and non-pharmacological approach. However, further research and further randomized clinical trials are needed to compare the different alternatives and provide higher quality evidence.

[Impact of SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) on the mental health of healthcare professionals: a systematic review.] / Impacto del SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) en la salud mental de los profesionales sanitarios: una revisión sistemática.

BACKGROUND: In times of this global pandemic situation, population's mental health is compromised, especially in those groups that are at the forefront of defence against the virus such as healthcare professionals. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak on healthcare professionals' mental health. METHODS: A systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA format in Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO and ScienceDirect electronic databases between January and May 2020. Methodological quality was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools for non-randomized studies. RESULTS: A total of 13 studies were included in this review. Professionals' mental health and mental functions were compromised, being especially affected those professionals on the front line of battle against the virus. However, these stats were below the general population data. Although there is wide variability of results, medium-high levels of anxiety (26,5%-44,6%), depression (8,1%-25%), concern and insomnia are detected (23,6%-38%). Paradoxically, stress levels were below expectations (3,8%-68,3%). CONCLUSIONS: The mental well-being of health professionals working on the front line is compromised in times of pandemic by presenting medium-high levels of anxiety, depression, nervousness and insomnia, and, to a lesser extent, stress.

OBJETIVO: Ante una situación de pandemia mundial, la salud mental de la población se ve comprometida, especialmente en los colectivos que están en primera línea de defensa contra el virus como son los profesionales sanitarios. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el impacto en la salud mental de los profesionales sanitarios que prestan atención a pacientes durante el brote de SARS-CoV-2. METODOS: Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo el formato PRISMA en las bases de datos electrónicas Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO y ScienceDirect entre los meses de enero y mayo de 2020. Se evaluó la calidad metodológica a partir de las herramientas de evaluación crítica para estudios no randomizados del Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). RESULTADOS: Un total de 13 estudios fueron incluidos en esta revisión. La salud mental de los profesionales sanitarios se vio comprometida ante la pandemia de SARS-CoV-2 en el ejercicio de sus funciones, siendo especialmente afectados los profesionales que se encontraban en la primera línea de batalla contra el virus, pero con valores por debajo de los de la población general. Aunque existió una amplia variabilidad de resultados, se observaron niveles medio-altos de ansiedad (26,5%-44,6%), depresión (8,1%-25%), preocupación e insomnio (23,6%-38%), y, paradójicamente, niveles de estrés por debajo de lo esperado (3,8%-68,3%). CONCLUSIONES: La salud mental de los profesionales sanitarios que trabajan en primera línea de batalla se ve comprometida en tiempos de pandemia presentando niveles medio-altos de ansiedad, depresión, preocupación e insomnio, y, en menor medida, estrés.

[Digital surveillance tools for contact tracking of infected persons by SARS-CoV-2.] / Herramientas de vigilancia digital para el rastreo de contactos de personas contagiadas de SARS-CoV-2.

BACKGROUND: In times of pandemic, case management and tracking people with contact can be differential elements for controlling the spread. The objective of this review was to evaluate the digital tools used to track contacts of people infected with SARS-CoV-2. METHODS: A systematic exploratory review was conducted in the electronic databases Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science on May 29, 2020 through the descriptors: coronavirus, digital surveillance and contact tracing. A total of 11 studies were finally selected. RESULTS: The results showed that some countries are implementing digital tools for contact tracking through mobile apps that allow user data to be shared via the device's GPS and/or Bluetooth. The terms on the privacy and confidentiality of the population data are, in some cases, questionable. CONCLUSIONS: The use of digital surveillance tools to track contacts of people infected with an infectious disease, such as SARS-CoV-2, can be key to reducing the number of people infected and reducing the spread of the virus.

OBJETIVO: En tiempos de pandemia, la gestión de casos y el rastreo de contactos pueden ser elementos diferenciales para el control de la propagación de la misma. El objetivo de esta revisión fue evaluar las herramientas digitales empleadas para el rastreo de contactos de personas contagiadas de SARS-CoV-2. METODOS: Se realizó una revisión sistemática exploratoria en las bases de datos electrónicas Pubmed, Scopus y Web of Science el día 29 de mayo de 2020 a través de los descriptores: coronavirus, digital surveillance y contact tracing. Se seleccionaron finalmente un total de 11 estudios. RESULTADOS: Los resultados mostraron cómo algunos países están implantando herramientas digitales para el rastreo de contactos a través de aplicaciones para móviles, las cuales permiten compartir datos de los usuarios a través del GPS y/o Bluetooth del dispositivo. Los términos sobre la privacidad y confidencialidad de los datos de la población están, en algunos casos, en entredicho. CONCLUSIONES: El uso de herramientas de vigilancia digital para el rastreo de contactos de personas contagiadas de una enfermedad infecciosa, como la provocada por el SARS-CoV-2, puede ser capital para reducir el número de personas infectadas y reducir la propagación del virus.

Herramientas de vigilancia digital para el rastreo de contactos de personas contagiadas de SARS-CoV-2 / Digital surveillance tools for contact tracking of infected persons by SARS-CoV-2

OBJETIVO: En tiempos de pandemia, la gestión de casos y el rastreo de contactos pueden ser elementos diferenciales para el control de la propagación de la misma. El objetivo de esta revisión fue evaluar las herramientas digitales empleadas para el rastreo de contactos de personas contagiadas de SARS-CoV-2. MÉTODOS: Se realizó una revisión sistemática exploratoria en las bases de datos electrónicas Pubmed, Scopus y Web of Science el día 29 de mayo de 2020 a través de los descriptores: coronavirus, digital surveillance y contact tracing. Se seleccionaron finalmente un total de 11 estudios. RESULTADOS: Los resultados mostraron cómo algunos países están implantando herramientas digitales para el rastreo de contactos a través de aplicaciones para móviles, las cuales permiten compartir datos de los usuarios a través del GPS y/o Bluetooth del dispositivo. Los términos sobre la privacidad y confidencialidad de los datos de la población están, en algunos casos, en entredicho. CONCLUSIONES: El uso de herramientas de vigilancia digital para el rastreo de contactos de personas contagiadas de una enfermedad infecciosa, como la provocada por el SARS-CoV-2, puede ser capital para reducir el número de personas infectadas y reducir la propagación del virus

BACKGROUND: In times of pandemic, case management and tracking people with contact can be differential elements for controlling the spread. The objective of this review was to evaluate the digital tools used to track contacts of people infected with SARS-CoV-2. METHODS: A systematic exploratory review was conducted in the electronic databases Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science on May 29, 2020 through the descriptors: coronavirus, digital surveillance and contact tracing. A total of 11 studies were finally selected. RESULTS: The results showed that some countries are implementing digital tools for contact tracking through mobile apps that allow user data to be shared via the device's GPS and/or Bluetooth. The terms on the privacy and confidentiality of the population data are, in some cases, questionable. CONCLUSIONS: The use of digital surveillance tools to track contacts of people infected with an infectious disease, such as SARS-CoV-2, can be key to reducing the number of people infected and reducing the spread of the virus

Impacto del SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) en la salud mental de los profesionales sanitarios: una revisión sistemática / Impact of SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) on the mental health of healthcare professionals: a systematic review

OBJETIVO: Ante una situación de pandemia mundial, la salud mental de la población se ve comprometida, especialmente en los colectivos que están en primera línea de defensa contra el virus como son los profesionales sanitarios. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el impacto en la salud mental de los profesionales sanitarios que prestan atención a pacientes durante el brote de SARS-CoV-2. MÉTODOS: Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo el formato PRISMA en las bases de datos electrónicas Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO y ScienceDirect entre los meses de enero y mayo de 2020. Se evaluó la calidad metodológica a partir de las herramientas de evaluación crítica para estudios no randomizados del Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). RESULTADOS: Un total de 13 estudios fueron incluidos en esta revisión. La salud mental de los profesionales sanitarios se vio comprometida ante la pandemia de SARS-CoV-2 en el ejercicio de sus funciones, siendo especialmente afectados los profesionales que se encontraban en la primera línea de batalla contra el virus, pero con valores por debajo de los de la población general. Aunque existió una amplia variabilidad de resultados, se observaron niveles medio-altos de ansiedad (26,5%-44,6%), depresión (8,1%-25%), preocupación e insomnio (23,6%-38%), y, paradójicamente, niveles de estrés por debajo de lo esperado (3,8%-68,3%). CONCLUSIONES: La salud mental de los profesionales sanitarios que trabajan en primera línea de batalla se ve comprometida en tiempos de pandemia presentando niveles medio-altos de ansiedad, depresión, preocupación e insomnio, y, en menor medida, estrés

BACKGROUND: In times of this global pandemic situation, population's mental health is compromised, especially in those groups that are at the forefront of defence against the virus such as healthcare professionals. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak on healthcare professionals' mental health. METHODS: A systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA format in Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO and ScienceDirect electronic databases between January and May 2020. Methodological quality was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools for non-randomized studies. RESULTS: A total of 13 studies were included in this review. Professionals' mental health and mental functions were compromised, being especially affected those professionals on the front line of battle against the virus. However, these stats were below the general population data. Although there is wide variability of results, medium-high levels of anxiety (26,5%-44,6%), depression (8,1%-25%), concern and insomnia are detected (23,6%-38%). Paradoxically, stress levels were below expectations (3,8%-68,3%). CONCLUSIONS: The mental well-being of health professionals working on the front line is compromised in times of pandemic by presenting medium-high levels of anxiety, depression, nervousness and insomnia, and, to a lesser extent, stress

Comparación entre los diferentes dispositivos supraglóticos para el manejo de la vía aérea en la asistencia extrahospitalaria: revisión sistemática / Laryngeal tubes and laryngeal mask devices for supraglottic airway management in out-of-hospital emergency care: a systematic review

En la actualidad, el uso de los dispositivos supraglóticos (DSG) para el manejo de la vía aérea está ampliamente extendido en urgencias y emergencias por su fácil manejo. El objetivo de la presente revisión es comparar los dispositivos supraglóticos para el manejo de la vía aérea, tubo laríngeo (TL) y máscara laríngea (ML), en sus diferentes versiones, para determinar cuál de ellos reúne las mejores condiciones para un uso eficiente en la atención a urgencias y emergencias. Se realiza una revisión sistemática de la literatura a través de la consulta en 9 bases de datos bibliográficas: Biblioteca Cochrane Plus, Medline, CINAHL, Dialnet, Global Health, Nursing & Allied Health Database, CUIDEN, Web of Science y ScienceDirect. Fueron seleccionados registros que estaban comprendidos entre los años 2014 y 2019, en español, inglés, francés y portugués, donde se realizara una comparación entre los DSG, TL y ML, en sus diferentes versiones. Se identificaron un total de 18 estudios válidos tras la lectura crítica. En la mayoría de aspectos evaluados, no se apreciaron diferencias significativas entre ambos dispositivos. Destancaba una presión de sellado orofaríngeo y velocidad de inserción superior en determinados contextos en la utilización del TL, y existía además una visión menor de la glotis mediante la utilización del broncoscopio. Los diferentes contextos en que se puede presentar la utilización de los DSG y la escasez de registros que comparan el TL con las ML en sus diferentes versiones no permite una clara diferenciación en cuanto a eficacia. No obstante, sí parece evidenciarse una visión menor de la glotis en la utilización del TL tras ser valorado con el fibroscopio, factor a tener en cuenta si se tiene presente que en la atención secundaria la intubación selectiva mediante la intubación traqueal, considerada el "patrón oro", puede llegar a ser una necesidad

Various supraglottic devices are currently available for airway management and are used widely in emergency situations because they are easy to position. We undertook a systematic review of the literature comparing laryngeal tubes and various laryngeal mask airway devices (LMAs) to determine which ones can be used most efficiently in emergencies. Nine databases were searched, as follows: Cochrane Library Plus, MEDLINE, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Dialnet, Global Health, Nursing & Allied Health Database, CUIDEN, the Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. We collected studies published between 2014 and 2019 in Spanish, English, French, and Portuguese that compared laryngeal tubes to LMAs of different types for supraglottic airway management. Eighteen studies were selected for analysis after critical reading. Significant differences were not seen between tubes and LMAs with respect to most variables, but in certain contexts the oropharyngeal seal and speed of insertion were superior with laryngeal tubes; however, when fiberoptic bronchoscopes were then inserted the view of the glottis was poor. The different contexts in which these devices are used and the scarcity of studies comparing laryngeal tubes to LMAs does not allow us to identify clear differences among them with respect to efficiency. However, tubes seem to offer poorer visibility of the glottis according to evaluation with fiberoptic scopes, a factor to bear in mind if tracheal intubation, which is considered the gold standard, might become necessary

Laryngeal tubes and laryngeal mask devices for supraglottic airway management in out-of-hospital emergency care: a systematic review. / Comparación entre los diferentes dispositivos supraglóticos para el manejo de la vía aérea en la asistencia extrahospitalaria: revisión sistemática.

ABSTRACT: Various supraglottic devices are currently available for airway management and are used widely in emergency situations because they are easy to position. We undertook a systematic review of the literature comparing laryngeal tubes and various laryngeal mask airway devices (LMAs) to determine which ones can be used most efficiently in emergencies. Nine databases were searched, as follows: Cochrane Library Plus, MEDLINE, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Dialnet, Global Health, Nursing & Allied Health Database, CUIDEN, the Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. We collected studies published between 2014 and 2019 in Spanish, English, French, and Portuguese that compared laryngeal tubes to LMAs of different types for supraglottic airway management. Eighteen studies were selected for analysis after critical reading. Significant differences were not seen between tubes and LMAs with respect to most variables, but in certain contexts the oropharyngeal seal and speed of insertion were superior with laryngeal tubes; however, when fiberoptic bronchoscopes were then inserted the view of the glottis was poor. The different contexts in which these devices are used and the scarcity of studies comparing laryngeal tubes to LMAs does not allow us to identify clear differences among them with respect to efficiency. However, tubes seem to offer poorer visibility of the glottis according to evaluation with fiberoptic scopes, a factor to bear in mind if tracheal intubation, which is considered the gold standard, might become necessary.

RESUMEN: En la actualidad, el uso de los dispositivos supraglóticos (DSG) para el manejo de la vía aérea está ampliamente extendido en urgencias y emergencias por su fácil manejo. El objetivo de la presente revisión es comparar los dispositivos supraglóticos para el manejo de la vía aérea, tubo laríngeo (TL) y máscara laríngea (ML), en sus diferentes versiones, para determinar cuál de ellos reúne las mejores condiciones para un uso eficiente en la atención a urgencias y emergencias. Se realiza una revisión sistemática de la literatura a través de la consulta en 9 bases de datos bibliográficas: Biblioteca Cochrane Plus, Medline, CINAHL, Dialnet, Global Health, Nursing & Allied Health Database, CUIDEN, Web of Science y ScienceDirect. Fueron seleccionados registros que estaban comprendidos entre los años 2014 y 2019, en español, inglés, francés y portugués, donde se realizara una comparación entre los DSG, TL y ML, en sus diferentes versiones. Se identificaron un total de 18 estudios válidos tras la lectura crítica. En la mayoría de aspectos evaluados, no se apreciaron diferencias significativas entre ambos dispositivos. Destancaba una presión de sellado orofaríngeo y velocidad de inserción superior en determinados contextos en la utilización del TL, y existía además una visión menor de la glotis mediante la utilización del broncoscopio. Los diferentes contextos en que se puede presentar la utilización de los DSG y la escasez de registros que comparan el TL con las ML en sus diferentes versiones no permite una clara diferenciación en cuanto a eficacia. No obstante, sí parece evidenciarse una visión menor de la glotis en la utilización del TL tras ser valorado con el fibroscopio, factor a tener en cuenta si se tiene presente que en la atención secundaria la intubación selectiva mediante la intubación traqueal, considerada el "patrón oro", puede llegar a ser una necesidad.