Revealing the diversity of ant-eating spiders in Colombia II: morphology, distribution, and taxonomy of the trilobatus group of the genus Tenedos O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897 (Araneae: Zodariidae)

Tenedos O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897, is the most diverse arrangement of Neotropical zodariids. The genus is composed by several species group, which only the barronus group is formally recognized. However, several groups remain uncharacterized despite being easily distinguishable by the distinctive sexual morphology. We formally proposed a second species group in Tenedos, the trilobatus group, including the known species Tenedos trilobatus Jocqué & Baert, 2002 from Colombia and T. figaro Jocqué & Baert, 2002 from Ecuador, whose type specimens are redescribed herein. Seven new species of the trilobatus group from Colombia are proposed based on both sexes: T. anchicaya sp. n. (♂♀), T. chiribiquete sp. n. (♂♀), T. cumbre sp. n. (♂♀), T. gabi sp. n. (♂♀), T. quimbaya sp. n. (♂♀), T. huila sp. n. (♂♀), T. valle sp. n. (♂♀). New data on the distribution range of Tenedos trilobatus in Colombia are included. We further provide distribution maps and an identification key for all species of the group. Morphological remarks of the new group and a comparison of it with the barronus group are included.

The role of flow cytometry in celiac disease screening using human leukocyte antigen in adult patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

BACKGROUND: Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) have an increased risk of celiac disease (CD). Since CD can be seronegative, more sensible tests for detection are needed. In seronegative patients, CD diagnosis may be difficult because of a lack of specificity. Flow cytometry analysis of lymphocyte populations can be useful in this situation. We aimed to study the prevalence of CD in adult DM1 using human leukocyte antigen (HLA) compatibility-based screening. A secondary goal was to study the role of flow cytometry as a complementary tool in these patients. METHODS: We selected 200 patients with DM1, of whom 190 (95%) had HLA DQ2, DQ8 or both. Of these, 136 agreed to participate and provided epidemiological data. All patients underwent blood tests and gastroscopy. RESULTS: Sixteen patients had a histology consistent with CD. After ruling out other diagnoses, 6 patients were diagnosed with CD, 2 of whom had negative antibodies. All were DQ2.5 homozygous, with a CD prevalence of 9.8% in this group. In the flow cytometry analysis of duodenal biopsy samples, when we compared all non-CD with CD patients, we found that the γ/δ intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) percentage was significantly higher and the CD3 negative IEL percentage significantly lower in the CD group. We found similar results when we compared only those with histological lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Screening of CD in patients with DM1 by HLA detects only 1% of seronegative patients with CD. DQ2.5 homozygous patients are at most risk of developing CD. The study of lymphocyte populations in the duodenal biopsy by flow cytometry discriminates patients with CD from those without CD with high sensitivity and specificity.