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1.
Asian Spine J ; 12(4): 648-655, 2018 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30060372

ABSTRACT

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective, descriptive case series study. PURPOSE: To investigate the frequency, bone pattern, and associated lesions to the spine of gunshot wounds. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Gunshot wounds are penetrating in nature and are caused by a bullet or projectile. These are becoming more common and are associated with significant sequelae, requiring long and costly multidisciplinary treatment. Associated spinal cord injuries (SCIs) in the civilian population represent 13%-17% of all spinal traumas. Spinal gunshot wounds are commonly thought to be stable; however, there is potential acute and chronic spinal instability if the bullet passes transversely, fracturing either both pedicles or both facet joints. METHODS: We obtained data from the clinical files of patients with spinal gunshot wounds treated by spine surgeons. We performed a statistical analysis to obtain the pattern and frequency of the injuries. RESULTS: We included 54 patients (48 men [89%] and six women [11%]). Eight patterns of spinal gunshot wounds were identified; 61% (33 patients) had complete SCI. The thoracic spine was most frequently affected, with 88% of patients having SCI; 75%, hemopneumothorax; 28%, pulmonary lesions; and 16%, hepatic lesions. The presence of pedicle fractures had an odds ratio of 3.64 for SCI. CONCLUSIONS: The two main bone patterns are the vertebral body and posterior arch with pedicle fractures as modifiers, given that they are at a high risk for SCI. The spinal pattern and associated lesions were related to the bullet's path, with the vertebral body having the highest frequency of associated lesions. Vertebral body burst fracture was the main indication for instrumentation.

2.
Coluna/Columna ; 15(2): 145-150, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-787860

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The high-energy trauma mainly involves vertebral lesions and 6% occur in the cervical region. This poses a challenge to spine surgeons in surgical decision-making, both in terms of approach as the instrumentation. International recommendations establish that the procedures performed are reproducible, safe, and effective. The techniques for placement of pedicle screws are complicated and have been based on intraoperative navigation (limited by cost) and fluoroscopy (greater exposure of health care professionals and patients to radiation). Therefore, the freehand technique is an option. The goal was to identify the level of evidence and grade of recommendation in the medical literature regarding the safety and efficacy of pedicle screw instrumentation with freehand technique in subaxial cervical spine. To this end, we carried out a systematic review with the following MeSH terms: safety, efficacy, vertebral artery. Articles were evaluated twice in a standardized and blind way by two observers skilled in systematic analysis, after CLEIS 3401 authorization in November 2014. Due to the nature of the study and the variables, articles with a high level of evidence and grade of recommendation were not found. Level of Evidence obtained on safety and efficacy in the placement of pedicle screws in subaxial column with freehand technique: 2b. Degree of Recommendation obtained on safety and efficacy in the placement of pedicle screws in subaxial column with freehand technique: B, favorable recommendation.


RESUMO Os traumas de alta energia envolvem principalmente lesões vertebrais, sendo que 6% ocorrem na região cervical. Isso impõe um desafio aos cirurgiões de coluna na tomada de decisão cirúrgica, tanto em relação ao acesso quanto à instrumentação. As recomendações internacionais estabelecem que os procedimentos realizados sejam reprodutíveis, seguros e eficazes. As técnicas de colocação de parafusos pediculares são complicadas e têm se baseado em navegação transoperatória (limitada pelo custo) e fluoroscopia (maior exposição de profissionais de saúde e pacientes à radiação). Portanto, a técnica à mão livre é uma opção. O objetivo foi identificar o nível de evidência e o grau de recomendação na literatura médica referente à segurança e à eficácia da instrumentação de parafusos pediculares com a técnica à mão livre na coluna cervical subaxial. Para tanto, realizou-se uma revisão sistemática com os seguintes descritores do MeSH: segurança, eficácia, artéria vertebral. Os artigos obtidos foram duplamente avaliados de modo padronizado e cego por dois observadores especialistas em análise sistemática, depois de autorização CLEIS 3401, em novembro de 2014. Devido à natureza do estudo e das variáveis não foram encontrados artigos com alto nível de evidência e grau de recomendação. Nível de evidência obtido sobre segurança e eficácia na colocação de parafusos pediculares na coluna subaxial com técnica à mão livre: 2b. Grau de recomendação obtido sobre segurança e eficácia na colocação de parafusos pediculares na coluna subaxial com técnica à mão livre: B, recomendação favorável.


RESUMEN Los traumas de alta energía implican principalmente lesiones de columna vertebral, de las cuales 6% se producen en la región cervical. Esto ha impuesto un reto para los cirujanos de columna en la toma de decisiones quirúrgicas, tanto en lo que se refiere a la vía de acceso cuanto a la instrumentación. Las recomendaciones internacionales establecen que los procedimientos sean reproducibles, seguros y eficaces. Las técnicas de colocación de tornillos transpediculares son complicadas y se han apoyado en la navegación transoperatoria (limitada por el costo) y la fluoroscopia (con mayor exposición de profesionales de salud y pacientes a la radiación). Por ello, la técnica de manos libres es una opción. El objetivo fue identificar el nivel de evidencia y grado de recomendación en la literatura médica respecto a la seguridad y eficacia de la instrumentación con tornillos transpediculares en la columna subaxial con técnica de manos libres. Por ello, se realizó una revisión sistemática con los siguientes descriptores MeSH: seguridad, eficacia, arteria vertebral. Los artículos obtenidos fueron evaluados por duplicado de forma estandarizada y cegada por dos observadores expertos en análisis sistemático después de la autorización CLEIS 3401 de noviembre de 2014. Por la naturaleza del estudio y las variables no se encontraron artículos con alto nivel de evidencia y grado de recomendación superiores. Nivel de evidencia obtenido sobre la seguridad y eficacia de la colocación de tornillos transpediculares de la columna subaxial con técnica de manos libres: 2b. Grado de recomendación obtenido sobre la seguridad y eficacia de la colocación de tornillos transpediculares en la columna subaxial con técnica de manos libres: B, Recomendación favorable.


Subject(s)
Cervical Vertebrae/surgery , Surgical Procedures, Operative , Vertebral Artery , Pedicle Screws
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