ABSTRACT
Se estudia la exposición infantil a plaguicidas de acuerdo a los procesos de trabajo agrícola que se realizan con la familia y aquellas actividades productivas que se desarrollan en su entorno. El objetivo del presente trabajo ha sido investigar la prevalencia de enfermedades y en 60 individuos (26 niños) de un total de 297 pertenecientes a una población que vive y trabaja en un entorno de cultivos hortifrutícola, caña de azúcar y arroz. La evaluación consistió en la realización de una historia clínica ambiental completa, la dosificación del nivel de colinesterasasplasmáticas así como la aplicación del test de aberraciones cromosómicas, ensayo cometa y porcentaje de células apoptóticas. Los plaguicidas más comúnmente utilizados fueron: 2-4D, Carbofuran, Clorpirifos, Cipermetrina, Glifosato y Endosulfan. Se observó una elevada prevalencia de enfermedades respiratorias y cutáneas en niños. Se obtuvo una mayor tendencia al dañogenético en niños y en mujeres, lo que estaría en concordancia con el concepto de mayor vulnerabilidad infantil. Sería necesario obtener nuevas evidencias experimentales para valorar adecuadamente el significado de estos resultados.
Children exposure to pesticides was studied according the working process of their families and the process performed in the surrounding areas. The aim of the present work was to investigate the prevalence of diseases of 60 people (26 children) from a population of 297 inhabitants. who lives and works around orchards, greenhouses, sugar cane and rice crops. The assessment was done by means of the environmental history and clinical examination, plasmatic cholinesterases, chromosomal aberration test, comet assay and apoptosis percentage. Pesticides more frequently sprayed were: 2-4D, Carbofuran, Chlorpyrifos, Cypermetrine, Glyphosate and Endosulfan. The investigation shows a very high frequency of respiratory and skin diseases in children. The biomarkers of genetic damage trend to be higher in children and women, these results support the concept of particular vulnerability of these populations but new experimental evidence in needed to properly evaluate the significanceof these data.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Genotoxicity/adverse effects , Pesticides/adverse effects , Pesticides/toxicity , Environmental Exposure , Occupational ExposureABSTRACT
We conducted clinical and genetic analyses of 52 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients in Uruguay, which is about half of the known affected individuals in the country. A relatively high proportion had a mild presentation, characterized by pancreatic sufficiency (28%), a strong pulmonary component (97%), and borderline sweat electrolyte measurements (25%). Mutational analysis of CF chromosomes demonstrated a relatively low incidence of the DeltaF508 allele (40%) and a large number of other cystic fibrosis conductance regulator mutations, with an overall detection rate of about 71%. Fifteen different mutations were detected in our patients: DeltaF508, G542X, R1162X, G85E, N1303K, R334W, R75Q, R74W, D1270N, W1282X, DeltaI507, 2789+5G-->A, R1066C, -816C/T, R553X, as well as RNA splicing variant IVS8-5T. This group of Uruguayan CF patients has some characteristics in common with other populations of similar origin (Hispanics), as well as some unique characteristics.
