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1.
Rev. calid. asist ; 24(5): 215-221, sept.-oct. 2009. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-72264

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Una tarea de la enfermería es vigilar que el dolor asociado a las intervenciones quirúrgicas no altere el bienestar del paciente. El primer objetivo de este estudio es medir el grado de satisfacción de los pacientes operados respecto al control del dolor postoperatorio. En segundo lugar, se pretende conocer los factores que determinan una analgesia postoperatoria adecuada y evaluar el valor predictivo de la escala visual analógica (EVA). Material y métodos: A una muestra de pacientes intervenidos se les pasó la EVA a las 2 h y el cuestionario de la Sociedad Americana del Dolor a las 24h. Se utilizó la curva de eficacia diagnóstica para determinar un punto de corte en la EVA como prueba diagnóstica, y los modelos de regresión logística para determinar la contribución de cada una de las variables. Resultados: Se entrevistaron 237 pacientes entre abril de 2007 y abril de 2008. El 54% de los intervenidos refirió dolor. El 98% de los pacientes estuvo satisfecho con su manejo y el 95% creyó que los analgésicos pueden aliviar el dolor mucho o totalmente. Las variables que se asociaron significativamente a la presencia de dolor fueron la especialidad y una EVA superior a 0. Este punto de corte en la EVA fue el que aportó mejores resultados diagnósticos. Conclusiones: El control del dolor postoperatorio se lleva a cabo de forma satisfactoria. El uso de la EVA a las 2h de la intervención permite identificar una parte importante de los pacientes que van a tener dolor (AU)


Objective: A nursing task is to look after the pain associated with surgical procedures in order to maintain patient wellbeing. The first objective of this study was to measure the level of the patient satisfaction with management of post-operative pain. Secondly, we wanted to identify the determining factors of an adequate postoperative analgesia and the predictive value of the visual analogical scale (VAS). Material and methods: A sample of patients who had an operation was interviewed. The VAS was administered two hours and 24h after the surgical procedure with the American Society of Pain questionnaire. ROC curves were applied to establish the cut-off point for the VAS. We determined the contribution of different variables to adequate pain management by means of logistic regression. Results: We interviewed 237 patients in 2007 and 2008. Pain during the first 24h was perceived by 54% of them, 98% were satisfied with pain management and 95% expressed that analgesic treatment relieved their pain. Variables statistically associated with pain were specialty, and a value on the VAS higher than 0 two hours after the procedure. Conclusions: The management of post operative pain is satisfactory. The use of the VAS during the first two hours identifies an important percentage of patients who require more intensive analgesic treatment (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Pain, Postoperative/epidemiology , Patient Satisfaction/statistics & numerical data , Predictive Value of Tests , Pain/epidemiology , Pain/nursing , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Logistic Models
2.
Rev Calid Asist ; 24(5): 215-21, 2009.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19717078

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: A nursing task is to look after the pain associated with surgical procedures in order to maintain patient wellbeing. The first objective of this study was to measure the level of the patient satisfaction with management of post-operative pain. Secondly, we wanted to identify the determining factors of an adequate postoperative analgesia and the predictive value of the visual analogical scale (VAS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A sample of patients who had an operation was interviewed. The VAS was administered two hours and 24h after the surgical procedure with the American Society of Pain questionnaire. ROC curves were applied to establish the cut-off point for the VAS. We determined the contribution of different variables to adequate pain management by means of logistic regression. RESULTS: We interviewed 237 patients in 2007 and 2008. Pain during the first 24h was perceived by 54% of them, 98% were satisfied with pain management and 95% expressed that analgesic treatment relieved their pain. Variables statistically associated with pain were specialty, and a value on the VAS higher than 0 two hours after the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: The management of post operative pain is satisfactory. The use of the VAS during the first two hours identifies an important percentage of patients who require more intensive analgesic treatment.


Subject(s)
Analgesia , Pain, Postoperative/diagnosis , Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy , Patient Satisfaction , Acute Disease , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pain Measurement , Surveys and Questionnaires , Young Adult
3.
An. psicol ; 24(1): 33-41, jun. 2008. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-66528

ABSTRACT

Este trabajo analiza el efecto de distintos factores implicados en la modificación de los estereotipos. Partiendo de los modelos sociocognitivos, se consideran dos tipos: exógenos y endógenos. Como factores endógenos, los relativos al sujeto, se analiza el procesamiento de la información, la motivación, la percepción de amenaza, la tipicalidad percibida y la variabilidad. Como factores exógenos, relativos a la situación, se consideran el tipo de información ofrecida a los sujetos y las diferentes formas de medir y evaluar el cambio producido en el estereotipo. Dadas las diferencias en medidas y procedimientos las conclusiones sobre la influencia de las variables no son unánimes, además de impedir la comparación. El artículo defiende la necesidad de unanimidad en las formas de medida y la ventaja que supondría el uso de investigaciones con un modelo pre-test pos-test


This paper analyzes the effects of different factors implied in stereotype change. Leaving of the sociocognitive models, two types of factors are considered: exogenous and endogenous. As endogenous factors, that the perceiver, we focus on information processing, the motivation, the threat perception, the perceived typicality and the variability. As exogenous factors, the situation, the type of information offered to the individuals and the different forms of measure and evaluate the stereotype change are commented. Although in some cases the conclusions about the influence of certain variables are unanimous, in others studies the results are opposite and don't allow the comparison since the used procedures, the stimuli and the measures to evaluate the change are very different. The article defends the necessity of unanimity in the measure forms and the advantage that it would suppose the use of investigations with a model pre-test post-test


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Stereotyping , Cognition , Weights and Measures , Socioeconomic Factors
4.
Apuntes psicol ; 25(1): 67-78, 2007. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-054560

ABSTRACT

Este estudio examina la relación entre la autoestima colectiva étnica y diferentesaspectos del proceso de aculturación en inmigrantes ecuatorianos residentes en Murcia.De acuerdo con el modelo bidimensional de aculturación, se prueba la hipótesis de laindependencia entre el deseo de contacto con el exogrupo y el deseo de mantener elmodelo cultural propio. Los resultados señalan que las mujeres quieren mantener sucultura más que los hombres y éstos comportarse como los españoles. Asimismo, seobserva que la edad y el nivel de estudios influyen sobre la autoestima privada, el contactocon ecuatorianos y la distancia cultural percibida. Los resultados se comentan conrelación a la tradición de investigación de género e inmigración y al modelo biculturalde aculturación


This study examined the relationship between the ethnic collective self-esteem andthe process of Ecuadorian immigrants’ acculturation in Murcia (Spain). In accordancewith the bidimensional model of acculturation, the hypothesis of the independence betweenthe contact with the outgroup and maintenance of the own ethnic identity is proven.This hypothesis obtains a partial confirmation. The results show that the women wantto maintain their culture more than men and these to behave as the Spaniards. Also, itis observed that the age and the level of studies influence on the private self-esteem, thecontact with Ecuadorian and the perceived cultural distance. The results are discussedin relation to gender immigration studies and the bicultural model


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Self Concept , Acculturation , Ethnicity/psychology , Transients and Migrants/psychology , Sex Distribution , Age Distribution , Educational Status
5.
An. psicol ; 22(2): 243-250, dic. 2006. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-049604

ABSTRACT

El estudio del papel de los valores en las relaciones intergrupales se ha basado en dos hipótesis, la denominada hipótesis de la congruencia y la hipótesis de la diferencia. Mientras la primera identifica aquellos valores que promueven e inhiben el prejuicio, la segunda defiende que es la diferencia de valores entre los grupos la causa del prejuicio. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo mostrar, desde la hipótesis de la congruencia y los nuevos planteamientos teóricos sobre el racismo, la relación entre valores, prejuicio e intención de contacto. Participaron de la investigación 209 personas, con edad promedia de 30 años (136 mujeres; 73 hombres). Los resultados indicaron que los valores son predictores adecuados tanto para el prejuicio como para la intención de contacto hacia gitanos. De acuerdo con las propuestas más recientes el estudio confirma la existencia de un modelo dual de valores en relación con el prejuicio


The investigation on the role of values in intergroup relations has been focused on two hypothesis, congruence and difference. While the first one identifies those values which promote and inhibit the prejudice, the second one assumes that is the difference in the values among groups the origin of prejudice. This article shows, from congruence hypothesis and new approach about racism, the relationship among values, prejudice and contact intention. Participated in the research 209 subjects, with a mean age of 30 years old (136 women; 73 men). The results indicated that the values are adequate predictors for both prejudice and contact intention toward gypsies. According to the new approaches, study purpose a dual model of values related to prejudice


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Social Values/ethnology , Prejudice , Social Alienation/psychology , Dependency, Psychological , Attitude , Individuation , Surveys and Questionnaires , Employee Incentive Plans , Motivation , Prejudice , Surveys and Questionnaires/classification , Social Support , Linear Models , Logistic Models , Analysis of Variance , Discrimination, Psychological/physiology
6.
Arch. bronconeumol. (Ed. impr.) ; 42(9): 446-452, sept. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-049320

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: La mortalidad por cáncer de pulmón en España aumenta ininterrumpidamente. El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido conocer su incidencia hospitalaria, así como otros datos de manejo clínico, en varias regiones españolas. Material y métodos: Se ha realizado un estudio prospectivo observacional de los pacientes diagnosticados de cáncer de pulmón en 2003 en 13 centros de 9 comunidades autónomas. Se evaluaron variables epidemiológicas, clínicas, diagnósticas y terapéuticas. Resultados: Se han registrado 1.064 varones y 125 mujeres correspondientes a una población total de 2.726.601 habitantes (1.346.483 varones y 1.380.118 mujeres). Las tasas estandarizadas según población mundial variaron entre 42,4 y 61,8/100.000 en varones y entre 1,5 y 8,6/100.000 en mujeres. El 51% tenía más de 70 años. El 97,5% de los varones y el 32% de las mujeres eran fumadores o ex fumadores. Se obtuvo confirmación citohistológica en el 93,1% de los casos (un 20,8% microcíticos y un 79,2% no microcíticos). Los síntomas iniciales predominantes fueron tos, dolor torácico y pérdida de peso. En el 13,7% el diagnóstico se sospechó sólo por anormalidad radiológica. La proporción de estadios TNM clínicos I y II varió entre el 6,3 y el 26,9%. El estadio IV fue el más común en todos los centros. La tasa de intervenciones varió entre el 2,5 y el 20,6%; el promedio fue del 14,8% (un 19,9% del total de no microcíticos). El 27,0% sólo recibió medidas paliativas. Conclusiones: Entre los casos de cáncer de pulmón aumenta la proporción de mujeres con respecto a estudios previos, con notables diferencias interregionales. Pese a las mejoras diagnósticas, la tasa de intervenciones, muy variable entre diferentes centros, es muy baja


Objective: Mortality due to lung cancer in Spain is increasing continuously. The aim of the present study was to collect information on the hospital incidence of lung cancer, as well as information on clinical management, in different regions of Spain. Material and methods: A prospective observational study of patients diagnosed with lung cancer in 2003 was carried out in 13 centers in 9 autonomous communities. Epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic variables were assessed. Results: Of a total population of 2 726 601 inhabitants (1 346 483 men and 1 380 118 women), 1064 male and 125 female lung cancer patients were included. The incidence standardized to the world population varied between 42.4/100 000 and 61.8/100 000 in men and between 1.5/100 000 and 8.6/100 000 in women. Overall, 51% were aged over 70 years, and 97.5% of the men and 32% of the women were smokers or ex-smokers. Cytologic or histologic confirmation was obtained for 93.1% of the cases (20.8% of which were small cell lung cancers and 79.2% were non-small cell lung cancers). The main initial symptoms were cough, chest pain, and weight loss. In 13.7%, lung cancer was suspected because of abnormal chest x-ray. The percentage with clinical TNM stages I and II ranged from 6.3% to 26.9%. The most common stage was stage IV in all centers. The percentage of patients undergoing surgery ranged from 2.5% to 20.6%, with a mean of 14.8% (19.9% of whom were patients with non-small cell lung cancer); 27% received palliative treatment only. Conclusions: The proportion of women suffering from lung cancer increased with respect to previous studies, with notable differences among regions. Despite diagnostic improvements, the percentage of patients undergoing surgery is low, though interregional variation is considerable


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Aged , Middle Aged , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology , Age Distribution , Incidence , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Tobacco Use Disorder/adverse effects , Spain/epidemiology , Neoplasm Staging , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Lung Neoplasms/therapy
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