ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Apixaban's technical sheet does not recommend its use in clinical practice for patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing haemodialysis. However, recent studies indicate that apixaban could be a safe oral anticoagulant in these kinds of patients who do not present valvular atrial fibrillation. We developed and validated ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) procedures for measuring apixaban concentrations in plasma, dialysate liquid, and urine. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Simple protein precipitation was implemented to prepare samples. Chromatographic separations were achieved on an Acquity®-UPLC®-BEHTM (2.1x100 mm id, 1.7 µm) reverse-phase C18 column using a water/acetonitrile non-linear gradient containing 0.1 % formic acid at a 0.4 mL/min flow rate. Apixaban and its internal standard (apixaban-d3) were detected by electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry in positive and multiple reaction monitoring modes, using transitions of 460.3 â 199.0/443.2 and 463.3 â 202.0, respectively. RESULTS: No significant interferences and carry-overs were observed. Precisions, absolute relative biases, normalised-matrix factors, and normalised recoveries were ≤ 12.2%, ≤8.0%, 94.3-105.1%, and 93.9-105.4%, respectively. Linearity was observed between 5 and 500 µg/L for plasma/dialysate liquid and 5-1000 µg/L for urine. CONCLUSIONS: The validated UHPLC-MS/MS procedures could help support a pharmacokinetic study in non-valvular atrial fibrillation subjects with chronic kidney disease undergoing haemodialysis and apixaban-based anticoagulant therapy.
Subject(s)
Atrial Fibrillation , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Humans , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods , Atrial Fibrillation/drug therapy , Renal Dialysis , Anticoagulants , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy , Dialysis SolutionsABSTRACT
La obesidad se considera en la actualidad una pandemia que constituye la base de diferentes problemas de salud que se enfrentan en la atención primaria, lo que nos motivó a realizar esta revisión bibliográfica con el objetivo de profundizar en algunos aspectos relacionados con la enfermedad y aportar así, el material revisado a la biblioteca del policlínico comunitario docente "Francisco Castro Ceruto" para futuros trabajos referentes al tema. El estudio realizado consistió en una búsqueda en revistas especializadas en el tema, se revisaron trabajos en idioma español e inglés y fueron incluidas investigaciones de diverso diseño de autores prestigiosos sobre la temática(AU)
Obesity is currently considered a pandemic that is the basis of different health problems that are faced in primary care, which motivated us to carry out this literature review with the aim of deeping into some aspects related to the disease and contributing to the revised material to the library of "Francisco Castro Ceruto" polyclinic for future work on the subject. The study consisted of a search in specialized journal on the subject, works in Spanish and English were reviewed and investigations of diverse design of prestigious authors on the subject were included(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Primary Health Care , Obesity/prevention & controlABSTRACT
La obesidad se considera en la actualidad una pandemia que constituye la base de diferentes problemas de salud que se enfrentan en la atención primaria, lo que nos motivó a realizar esta revisión bibliográfica con el objetivo de profundizar en algunos aspectos relacionados con la enfermedad y aportar así, el material revisado a la biblioteca del policlínico comunitario docente Francisco Castro Ceruto para futuros trabajos referentes al tema. El estudio realizado consistió en una búsqueda en revistas especializadas en el tema, se revisaron trabajos en idioma español e inglés y fueron incluidas investigaciones de diverso diseño de autores prestigiosos sobre la temática(AU)
Obesity is currently considered a pandemic that is the basis of different health problems that are faced in primary care, which motivated us to carry out this literature review with the aim of deeping into some aspects related to the disease and contributing to the revised material to the library of Francisco Castro Ceruto polyclinic for future work on the subject. The study consisted of a search in specialized journal on the subject, works in Spanish and English were reviewed and investigations of diverse design of prestigious authors on the subject were included(AU)
