ABSTRACT
Antecedentes y objetivo: La neumonía asociada al ictus es una complicación relacionada con mal pronóstico. Las escalas A2DS2 e ISAN se han desarrollado recientemente por un grupo alemán e inglés, respectivamente, para predecir la neumonía intrahospitalaria tras un ictus agudo. Realizamos una validación externa de estas escalas en una serie consecutiva de pacientes ingresados por ictus isquémico en nuestro centro. Método: El modelo pronóstico se realiza sobre una muestra de 340 sujetos consecutivos ingresados por ictus en 2015. La discriminación se evaluó mediante el cálculo del área bajo la curva de eficacia diagnóstica (curva ROC). La calibración se evaluó mediante la realización del test de bondad de ajuste de Hosmer-Lemeshow y la representación gráfica de la curva. Se realiza un análisis de regresión logística para determinar los predictores independientes de infección respiratoria después del ictus. Resultados: La muestra final evaluada fue de 285 sujetos, entre los cuales 45 pacientes (15,8%) tuvieron infección respiratoria tras el ictus según unos criterios preestablecidos. La edad media de los pacientes fue de 71,01 (DE 12,62) años. De ellos, 177 (62,1%) fueron varones. Setenta y dos pacientes (25,3%) tenían síntomas o signos de disfagia, 42 (14,7%) tenían fibrilación auricular, 14 (4,9%) tenían situación de dependencia previa al ictus y la mediana de la puntuación NIHSS fue de 4 puntos. La puntuación media de la escala A2DS2 fue 3,25 (DE 2,54) y la de ISAN fue 6,49 (DE 3,64). El análisis muestra que por cada punto en la escala A2DS2 se incrementa el riesgo de infección respiratoria (OR = 1,576; IC 95%: 1,363-1,821), al igual que en la escala ISAN (OR = 1,350; IC 95%: 1,214-1,501). Conclusión: La puntuación alta en las escalas A2DS2 e ISAN son un fuerte predictor de infección respiratoria asociada al ictus agudo en una cohorte consecutiva de pacientes con ictus. Estas escalas son simples de usar y realizar, siendo herramientas prometedoras para la predicción de esta complicación en la práctica habitual
Background and purpose: Pneumonia as a complication of stroke is associated with poor outcomes. The A2DS2 and ISAN scales were developed by German and English researchers, respectively, to predict in-hospital stroke-associated pneumonia. We conducted an external validation study of these scales in a series of consecutive patients admitted to our hospital due to ischaemic stroke. Method: These predictive models were applied to a sample of 340 consecutive patients admitted to hospital in 2015 due to stroke. Discrimination was assessed by calculating the area under the ROC curve for diagnostic efficacy. Calibration was assessed using the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test and graphing the corresponding curve. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the independent predictors of respiratory infection secondary to stroke. Results: We included 285 patients, of whom 45 (15.8%) had respiratory infection after stroke according to the study criteria. Mean age was 71.01 ± 12.62 years; men accounted for 177 of the patients (62.1%). Seventy-two patients (25.3%) had signs or symptoms of dysphagia, 42 (14.7%) had atrial fibrillation, and 14 (4.9%) were functionally dependent before stroke; the median NIHSS score was 4 points. Mean scores on A2DS2 and ISAN were 3.25±2.54 and 6.49 ± 3.64, respectively. Our analysis showed that higher A2DS2 scores were associated with an increased risk of infection (OR = 1.576; 95% CI: 1.363-1.821); the same was true for ISAN scores (OR = 1.350; 95% CI: 1.214-1.501). Conclusion: High scores on A2DS2 and ISAN were found to be a strong predictor of respiratory infection associated with acute stroke in a cohort of consecutive patients with stroke. These easy-to-use scales are promising tools for predicting this complication in routine clinical practice
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Brain Ischemia/microbiology , Pneumonia/etiology , Respiratory Tract Infections/microbiology , Age Factors , Brain Ischemia/diagnosis , Cohort Studies , Disabled Persons , Disability Evaluation , Pneumonia/diagnosis , Predictive Value of Tests , Prognosis , Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Pneumonia as a complication of stroke is associated with poor outcomes. The A2DS2 and ISAN scales were developed by German and English researchers, respectively, to predict in-hospital stroke-associated pneumonia. We conducted an external validation study of these scales in a series of consecutive patients admitted to our hospital due to ischaemic stroke. METHOD: These predictive models were applied to a sample of 340 consecutive patients admitted to hospital in 2015 due to stroke. Discrimination was assessed by calculating the area under the ROC curve for diagnostic efficacy. Calibration was assessed using the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test and graphing the corresponding curve. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the independent predictors of respiratory infection secondary to stroke. RESULTS: We included 285 patients, of whom 45 (15.8%) had respiratory infection after stroke according to the study criteria. Mean age was 71.01±12.62 years; men accounted for 177 of the patients (62.1%). Seventy-two patients (25.3%) had signs or symptoms of dysphagia, 42 (14.7%) had atrial fibrillation, and 14 (4.9%) were functionally dependent before stroke; the median NIHSS score was 4 points. Mean scores on A2DS2 and ISAN were 3.25±2.54 and 6.49±3.64, respectively. Our analysis showed that higher A2DS2 scores were associated with an increased risk of infection (OR=1.576; 95% CI: 1.363-1.821); the same was true for ISAN scores (OR=1.350; 95% CI: 1.214-1.501). CONCLUSION: High scores on A2DS2 and ISAN were found to be a strong predictor of respiratory infection associated with acute stroke in a cohort of consecutive patients with stroke. These easy-to-use scales are promising tools for predicting this complication in routine clinical practice.
Subject(s)
Brain Ischemia/microbiology , Pneumonia/etiology , Respiratory Tract Infections/microbiology , Age Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Brain Ischemia/diagnosis , Cohort Studies , Disability Evaluation , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pneumonia/diagnosis , Predictive Value of Tests , Prognosis , Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis , Risk Factors , Stroke/diagnosisABSTRACT
In this study the main objective was to evaluate a programme on prevention activities and its promotion in the Primary Health Care (PAPPS) in our health centre. We made a descriptive study of a population of 20,000 inhabitants, taking 100 histories at random from the total at the centre. The studied variables were: age, sex, blood pressure, alcohol, tobacco, height and weight. The more important results were: 62% of the histories had reported the variables, being more frequently recorded in older patients. The least frequently reported variable was weight (CI 95%: 37%, 19%) and the highest was smoking (CI 95%: 49%, 29%). There were no sex differences except for smoking that was significantly higher in women. In conclusion it is necessary to evaluate primary health care through the national established programmes, to reach a better standard of health.
