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3.
Arch. esp. urol. (Ed. impr.) ; 61(3): 365-370, abr. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-64181

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: En la cirugía sin ingreso deberemos distinguir entre el concepto de cirugía menor ambulatoria y cirugía mayor ambulatoria. La cirugía ambulatoria, permite que el paciente no esté en el hospital más allá de unas horas, mostrando una seguridad y efectividad similar a la cirugía convencional. Evaluar los resultados de un programa de cirugía ambulatoria. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de los resultados de funcionamiento de la Cirugía Ambulatoria (C.A) en un Servicio de Urología, incluyendo 4185 pacientes en un periodo de estudio de cuatro años, que comprende desde el 1 de enero del 2003 hasta el 31 de diciembre del 2006. Resultados: En el periodo de estudio el índice de sustitución global fue del 83,6%. El índice de ingresos fue del 2,5%, de los cuales la mayoría fueron ingresos precoces. Las complicaciones mayores se presentaron en 26 pacientes (0,6%), siendo la hemorragia mayor la predominante. La mayoría de las complicaciones son menores o leves, y el dolor en la zona de la herida quirúrgica es el problema encontrado con mayor frecuencia. Conclusiones: El auge y la promoción continua de la cirugía ambulatoria están más que justificadas. La alta satisfacción de los pacientes sometidos a este tipo de cirugía, con el escaso número de complicaciones registradas, nos proporcionan una valiosa herramienta de control del gasto sanitario (AU)


Objectives: When talking about day surgery we have to differentiate between minor and major ambulatory surgery. Ambulatory surgery enables the patient to stay in the hospital not more than a few hours, showing similar safety and efficacy than conventional surgery. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the results of an ambulatory surgery program. Methods: Descriptive retrospective study of the results of the Ambulatory Surgery in a Urology Department, including 4185 patients in a four-year period, from January 1st 2003 to December 31st 2006. Results: In the study period the global substitution rate was 83.6%. The hospital admission rate was 2.5%, most of which were early admissions. Major complications appeared in 26 patients (0.6%), being major bleeding the predominant one. Most complications were minor or mild, and pain at the site of the surgical wound was the most frequent problem found. Conclusions: The increase and continuous promotion of ambulatory surgery are more than justified. The high satisfaction among patients undergoing this type of surgery, with a very low number of complications registered, provides us with a valuable tool for health-care expenditure control (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Male , Female , Ambulatory Surgical Procedures/methods , Urology Department, Hospital , Monitoring, Ambulatory/methods , Postoperative Complications/surgery , Anesthesia/classification , Ambulatory Surgical Procedures/instrumentation , Ambulatory Surgical Procedures/trends , Ambulatory Surgical Procedures , Urology Department, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Urology Department, Hospital/trends , Retrospective Studies , Monitoring, Ambulatory , Postoperative Complications/diagnosis , Surgical Wound Infection/complications , Surgical Wound Infection/diagnosis
4.
Actas urol. esp ; 32(2): 202-210, feb. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-62842

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Valorar la calidad de vida de las pacientes con incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo (IUE), asistidas en el Servicio de Urología del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete (CHUA).Método: Entre Noviembre de 2001 y Diciembre de 2005, se han encuestado en nuestro centro a 126 pacientes afectas de IUE, mediante el King’s Health Questionnaire (KHQ) (Encuesta de Salud de King), el cual es un instrumento específico para la medida de la calidad de vida en pacientes con incontinencia urinaria. Resultados: la edad media de las pacientes fue de 57,09 años (DE: 9,57) El índice de masa corporal medio fue de28,14 Kg/m2 (DE: 4,66). La media de evolución de la incontinencia urinaria fue 114,48 meses, con una mediana de 96meses. Durante la última semana, un total de 73 mujeres (57,94%) tuvieron más de 10 episodios de escape de orina al día. En cuanto al número de compresas utilizadas diariamente, un 82,5% (104 casos) utilizaban menos de 6 compresas diarias. Por lo que respecta al diagnostico urodinámico, en 8 casos (6,3%) se describió como normal, en 16 (12,7%) fueron diagnosticadas de incontinencia urinaria mixta y, finalmente, 102 (81%) como incontinencia genuina de esfuerzo. La escala mejor puntuada fue la de Relaciones personales con una puntuación media de 26,8, mientras que la escala peor puntuada fue la del Impacto de la incontinencia urinaria, con una puntuación media de 82,96. Se comprobó que en líneas generales las puntuaciones más bajas (mejor calidad de vida) se obtuvieron en los grupos de edad más jóvenes. Las puntuaciones en las escalas de Salud general, Limitación en las actividades de la vida diaria, Limitaciones de la actividad física, Limitaciones de la actividad social y en la de Emociones, fueron significativamente superiores en pacientes que habían sido sometidas previamente a histerectomía. Las pacientes con mayor tiempo de evolución de su incontinencia urinaria puntuaron más bajo la escala de Relaciones personales (r=0,179; p=0,045). Conclusiones: Las pacientes con I.U. tienen afectada su calidad de vida que les limita tanto su actividad física como su imagen corporal. Su calidad de vida empeora con la edad, un mayor grado de incontinencia, una mayor sintomatología miccional y cuando se asocian episodios de infección urinaria (AU)


Objective: To assess the quality of life of female patients with urinary stress incontinence (USI) who were attended at the urology department of the University Hospital at Albacete. Method: Between November 2001 and December 2005, 126 patients with USI were surveyed in our hospital using the King’s Health Questionnaire (KHQ), which is a specific instrument to measure the quality of life among female patients with urinary incontinence (UI). Results: The mean age of patients was 57.09 old years (SD: 9.57) and the mean BMI was 28.14 Kg/m2 (SD: 4.66). The mean evolution of UI was 114.48 months, with a median of 96 months. During the last week of the study period, a total of 73 women (57.94%) had more than 10 urine leaks a day. As regards the number of sanitary towels used a day, 82.5% (104 cases) stated they used less than 6. The urodynamic diagnosis was described as normal in 8 cases (6.3%), 16 cases(12.7%) were diagnosed as mixed urinary incontinence and, finally, 102 cases (81%) suffered genuine USI. The best scores were presented in the Personal Relationships scale with a mean score of 26.8, whereas the worse scores were noted in that of Impact of Urinary Incontinence, whose mean score was 82.96. Generally, the lowest scores (better quality of life) were obtained in the youngest age groups. Scores in the scales of General Health, Impact on daily activities, Impact on physical activity, Impact on social activity and Emotions, were significantly higher in patients who had undergone a histerectomy. Patients whose evolution of urinary incontinence was longer presented lower scores in the Personal Relationships scale (r=0.179; p=0.045). Conclusions: The quality of life of female patients with U.I. is affected, which limits both their physical activity and image. Their quality of life worsens with age, a greater extent of incontinence, greater urinary symptomatology and when episodes of urinary infection are associated (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Urinary Incontinence, Stress/psychology , Quality of Life , Severity of Illness Index , Surveys and Questionnaires
5.
Actas Urol Esp ; 30(3): 295-300, 2006 Mar.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16749586

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the change in the behavior of renal cell carcinoma for its presentation, treatment, histology and mortality during a 17 year period. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Retrospective study on 212 patients diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma in our Department from the year 1988 up to 2004, analyzing the clinical and demographic data and comparing them to each other according to two periods: 1988-1996 and 1997-2004. RESULTS: An increase has been appreciated in the incidence of renal tumors in the second period and in a same way an increase in the incidental diagnosis and in the practice of nephron sparing surgery. Clear cell type was the most frequent in both periods and tumoral size was higher in the first period than in second. TNM stage I was the most frequent, although in first period it was higher percentage of stage IV. Cause-specific mortality has increased in the last years. CONCLUSION: An increase is appreciated in the incidence of renal cell tumors. Although the diagnosis is in earlier stages, a descent in the mortality has not been found.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Renal Cell/epidemiology , Kidney Neoplasms/epidemiology , Carcinoma, Renal Cell/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Renal Cell/surgery , Female , Humans , Incidence , Kidney Neoplasms/diagnosis , Kidney Neoplasms/surgery , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies
6.
Actas urol. esp ; 30(3): 295-300, mar. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-046131

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Analizar el cambio en el comportamiento del carcinoma de células renales en cuanto a su modo de presentación, tratamiento, anatomía patológica y mortalidad durante un periodo de 17 años. Material y método: Estudio retrospectivo sobre 212 pacientes intervenidos en nuestro Servicio por carcinoma de células renales desde el año 1988 hasta 2004, analizando los datos clínico-demográficos y comparándolos entre sí según dos periodos: 1988-1996 y 1997-2004. Resultados: Se ha apreciado un aumento en la incidencia de tumores renales en el segundo periodo y de igual manera un aumento en el diagnóstico incidental y en la práctica de cirugía conservadora de parénquima. El tipo histológico más frecuente fue el de células claras en ambos periodos y el tamaño tumoral era mayor en el primer periodo que en el segundo. El estadio tumoral más frecuente fue el I, aunque en el primer periodo se encontró mayor porcentaje de estadios IV. La mortalidad causa-específica ha aumentado en los últimos años. Conclusión: Se aprecia un aumento en la incidencia de tumores renales y, aunque estos se diagnostican en estadios más precoces, no se ha producido un descenso en la mortalidad


Objectives: To analyze the change in the behavior of renal cell carcinoma for its presentation, treatment, histology and mortality during a 17 year period. Material and method: Retrospective study on 212 patients diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma in our Department from the year 1988 up to 2004, analyzing the clinical and demographic data and comparing them to each other according to two periods: 1988-1996 and 1997-2004. Results: An increase has been appreciated in the incidence of renal tumors in the second period and in a same way an increase in the incidental diagnosis and in the practice of nephron sparing surgery. Clear cell type was the most frequent in both periods and tumoral size was higher in the first period than in second. TNM stage I was the most frequent, although in first period it was higher percentage of stage IV. Cause-specific mortality has increased in the last years. Conclusion: An increase is appreciated in the incidence of renal cell tumors. Although the diagnosis is in earlier stages, a descent in the mortality has not been found


Subject(s)
Humans , Carcinoma, Renal Cell/epidemiology , Kidney Neoplasms/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Cohort Studies
7.
Actas Urol Esp ; 29(1): 8-15, 2005 Jan.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15786760

ABSTRACT

Ongoing changes in the social, economic, technological and scientific realms have generated new needs and led various organizations to suggest that educational institutions should reorient their educational strategies toward developing effective professionals with the skills to meet these needs. These "modern" strategies include problem-based learning, in which the student seeks and selects information, analyzes the data obtained, integrates both prior and newly acquired knowledge, and, finally, offers diagnostic and therapeutic options to resolve the problem posed, as would occur in professional practice. With this approach, prior skills and practical experience form the foundation of learning. Problem-based learning incorporates some aspects of cognitive psychology, a model that mainly centers on the nature of the knowledge structures found in active memory, the processes involved in information storage and retrieval and the various factors that activate these processes. At the Faculty of Medicine of the Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, urology is part of a core subject (Medical and Surgical Pathology II) taught in the fifth year of coursework together with nephrology. Each course includes approximately 75 students, divided into five groups. The rotation lasts six weeks, with students spending a mean of two hours a day on theory (nephrology and/or urology) and the remaining time on rotations in the various activities: three weeks in nephrology and three weeks in urology. Upon completion of the rotation, the students write a combined theoretical examination with 100 multiple-choice questions (50 on urology) and take a practical skills examination. At the end of the course, another practical test consisting of an objective, structured clinical examination is taken, in which standard patients are used and the professor directly assesses the level of skills acquired with a "real" case.


Subject(s)
Internship and Residency/methods , Problem-Based Learning , Urology/education , Academic Medical Centers , Faculty, Medical , Humans , Schools, Medical , Spain
8.
Actas urol. esp ; 29(1): 8-15, ene. 2005.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-038216

ABSTRACT

Las nuevas necesidades derivadas de los actuales cambios sociales, económicos, tecnológicos, científicos, etc..., han hecho que distintos organismos hayan sugerido a los estamentos educativos la necesidad de desarrollar cambios en las estrategias educativas orientados al desarrollo de un profesional eficaz con competencias adaptadas a estas necesidades. Dentro de las estrategias “modernas” se encuentra la enseñanza basada en problemas o aprendizaje por problemas (PBL), mediante la cual el estudiante busca y selecciona la información, razona e integra los conocimientos previos y adquiridos, dando finalmente unas posibilidades diagnósticas y terapéuticas al problema planteado, tal y como se va a enfrentar en su actividad profesional. Los conocimientos previos y la actividad constituyen los pilares fundamentales del aprendizaje. El PBL incorpora algunos de los aspectos de la psicología cognitiva, modelo cuya parte principal determina la naturaleza de las estructuras del conocimiento que se encuentran en la memoria activa, en los procesos de almacenamiento y recuperación de la información y los diversos factores que lo activan. La urología en la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha forma parte de una asignatura troncal (Patología Médica y Quirúrgica II) que se imparte durante el quinto curso. La urología se desarrolla integrada con nefrología. El número de alumnos por curso es aproximadamente 75 divididos en 5 grupos. La “rotación” dura seis semanas durante las cuales los estudiantes tienen una media de 2 horas diarias de teoría (ya sean de nefrología y/o urología) y el resto son rotatorias por distintas actividades: tres semanas en nefrología y tres semanas en urología. Al finalizar la rotación los udiantes realizan un examen teórico conjunto con 100 preguntas de respuestas múltiple (50 de urología) y un examen práctico de las habilidades. A final de curso existe otra prueba práctica (OSCE: examen clínico objetivo y estructurado) con la utilización de pacientes estandarizados, debiendo el profesor evaluar de forma directa el nivel de competencias adquiridas ante un “caso real”


Ongoing changes in the social, economic, technological and scientific realms have generated new needs and led various organizations to suggest that educational institutions should reorient their educational strategies toward developing effective professionals with the skills to meet these needs. These “modern” strategies include problem-based learning, in which the student seeks and selects information, analyzes the data obtained, integrates both prior and newly acquired knowledge, and, finally, offers diagnostic and therapeutic options to resolve the problem posed, as would occur in professional practice. With this approach, prior skills and practical experience form the foundation of learning. Problem-based learning incorporates some aspects of cognitive psychology, a model that mainly centers on the nature of the knowledge structures found in active memory, the processes involved in information storage and retrieval and the various factors that activate these processes.At the Faculty of Medicine of the Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, urology is part of a core subject (Medical and Surgical Pathology II) taught in the fifth year of coursework together with nephrology. Each course includes approximately 75 students, divided into five groups. The rotation lasts six weeks, with students spending a mean of two hours a day on theory (nephrology and/or urology) and the remaining time on rotations in the various activities: three weeks in nephrology and three weeks in urology. Upon completion of the rotation, the students write a combined theoretical examination with 100 multiple-choice questions (50 on urology) and take a practical skills examination. At the end of the course, another practical test consisting of an objective, structured clinical examination is taken, in which standard patients are used and the professor directly assesses the level of skills acquired with a “real” case


Subject(s)
Humans , Internship and Residency/methods , Problem-Based Learning , Urology/education , Academic Medical Centers , Faculty, Medical , Schools, Medical , Spain
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