Effect of Milking Maneuver in Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the short and medium-term effects of milking maneuver (MM) compared with early cord clamping for infants born before 37 weeks of pregnancy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 138 infants between 24+0 and 36+6 weeks of gestation were allocated to MM or early cord clamping. Primary outcomes were the requirement of red blood cell transfusions or phototherapy. RESULTS: Initial hemoglobin was significantly higher in the MM group by 1.675 g/dL (p < 0.05) and initial hematocrit by 5.36% (p < 0.05), but no differences in the need of transfusion during the first 30 days after delivery were found (RR 0.8; 95% CI 0.22-2.85). Peak serum bilirubin was similar in both groups (11,097 ± 3.21 vs. 11,247 ± 3.56 mg/dL, p = 0.837). Phototherapy requirements were higher in the MM group (RR 1.62; 95% CI 1.1-2.38). No differences regarding the need of oral iron supplementation, platelet transfusion, respiratory distress syndrome, patent ductus arteriosus, intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, periventricular leukomalacia, meconium aspiration syndrome, use of surfactant, days of oxygen supplementation, need of vasopressors, length of stay in the neonatal intensive care unit, or postpartum hemorrhage were found. CONCLUSION: MM does not reduce the need for red blood cell transfusions and increases phototherapy requirements in preterm infants.

Síndrome de encefalopatía posterior reversible durante el puerperio / Posterior reversible encephalopathy and puerperium

El síndrome de encefalopatía posterior reversible se describió por primera vez en 1996 por Hinchey y cols. Puede presentarse durante la gestación y puerperio. Se expone un caso clínico y se revisa la evidencia para el diagnóstico, tratamiento y pronóstico de la encefalopatía posterior reversible. Se realizó una búsqueda electrónica en término de diagnóstico, tratamiento y pronóstico del síndrome de encefalopatía posterior reversible durante y fuera de la gestación. No se encontró ningún estudio analítico, únicamente se hallaron series de casos, lo que no aporta suficiente evidencia científica para establecer recomendaciones sólidas acerca de esta entidad. Poco se conoce acerca del síndrome de encefalopatía posterior reversible y de su comportamiento en la gestación por lo que es necesario acumular mayor evidencia respecto a este síndrome (AU)

Posterior reversible encephalopathy was introduced into clinical practice in 1996 by Hinchey and cols. Clinically can be expressed during pregnancy and postpartum. To review evidence available of diagnosis and treatment of posterior reversible encephalopathy we expose a clinical case and we carried out an electronic search in order to find the best evidence available in terms of diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of posterior reversible encephalopathy during and out of pregnancy. No analytical studies were found, only case reports. These results do not allow establishing recommendations. There is not enough information regard to Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. It is mandatory to accumulate more information that allows us to comprehend and establish evidence about this entity (AU)

Delivery after external cephalic version, is there an increased rate of cesarian section?

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare the obstetric outcomes after successful external cephalic version (cases) with a group of pregnant women with a spontaneous cephalic fetal position at delivery (controls). METHODS: Retrospective review of the cohort of study was performed at the University Hospital of Getafe (Madrid, Spain) between January 2012 and January 2013. SAMPLE POPULATION: 1516 patients (48 cases; 1468 controls). We compared the type of delivery in pregnant women after ECV performed successfully (cases) with spontaneous cephalic presentations (controls). Pregnancies with vaginal delivery contraindicated, elective cesarean section (CS) justified by maternal disease, multiple pregnancies, or pregnancies below 37 weeks were excluded. Maternal age, BMI, parity, gestational age at delivery, and onset of labor (spontaneous or induced) were controlled. RESULTS: Prevalence of CS and operative delivery in both groups. Women who underwent a successful ECV had a significantly higher CS rate compared with the women of the control group (12/48 [25%] vs. 202/1468 [13.76%]; P=0.028). There was no difference in the rate of operative delivery (6/48 [12.5%] vs. 177/1468 [12.05%] P=0.92). CONCLUSIONS: Deliveries following a successful ECV are associated with an increased CS rate compared with deliveries of fetuses with spontaneous cephalic presentations.

Relación entre el intervalo de nacimiento entre gemelos y el pH de cordón umbilical: ¿existe asociación entre la acidosis del primer gemelo y el segundo? / Relationship between the birth interval between twins and umbilical cord pH: is there an association between acidosis of the first twin and the second?

OBJETIVOS: Determinar si el intervalo de nacimiento vía vaginal entre gemelos, se relaciona con un descenso de pH arterial/venoso de cordón umbilical del segundo gemelo respecto al primero, y establecer si el pH acidótico del primer gemelo predice la acidosis del segundo. MÉTODO: Estudio de cohortes retrospectivo en 77 pares de gemelos realizado en el Hospital de Getafe, España, en el periodo 2008-2013. Se relacionó el tiempo transcurrido entre el nacimiento de los gemelos con el resultado del pH de cordón y el exceso de bases. Estudiamos la correlación entre el tiempo transcurrido entre ambos nacimientos y la diferencia entre los valores de pH del primer y segundo gemelo, y la correlación con la diferencia de exceso de base. RESULTADOS: Hubo correlación lineal significativa entre el tiempo transcurrido entre el nacimiento de los gemelos y la diferencia de pH venoso del segundo gemelo respecto del primero (R=0,560; p=0,0001), así como con el pH arterial (R=0,502; p=0,0001). El pH <7,20 del primer gemelo se asoció con acidosis en el cordón del 2° gemelo (<7,20, p=0,000; <7,15, p=0,0001; <7,10, p=0,0001; <7,05, p=0,001; <7,00, p=0,0001). CONCLUSIONES: El pH del segundo gemelo siempre fue igual o menor que el del primer gemelo, hubo una correlación lineal entre el intervalo de nacimiento entre gemelos y el descenso del pH venoso y arterial del segundo gemelo respecto al primero. El pH acidótico del primer gemelo predice la acidosis del segundo.

OBJETIVOS: Determinate if the twin-to-twin vaginal delivery time interval, is related with a decline of the arterio-venous cord blood pH of the second twin regarding to the first twin, and to evaluate if the acidotic pH of first twin can predict the acidosis status of the second one. METHOD: A retrospective descriptive cohort study was performed at the Hospital of Getafe, Spain, in the period 2008-2013, with 77 pairs of twins that were registered and met the inclusion criteria. The twin-to-twin delivery time interval and the cord blood status results were registered. A statistical analysis was performed to study the relation of the twin-to-twin delivery time interval with the pH value differences between first and second twins, and with the base excess. RESULTS: A positive linear correlation between the twin-to-twin delivery time interval and the difference of venous pH of the second twin respect to the first one was found (R=0.560; p=0.0001), and also with the difference on arterial pH (R=0.502; p=0.0001). A pH value <7.20 of the first twin was associated with blood cord acidosis of the second twin (<7.20, p=0.000; <7.15, p=0.0001; <7.10, p=0.0001; <7.05, p=0,001; <7.00, p=0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The second twin pH was equal to or less than the first twin pH in all cases. There is a linear relation between twin-to-twin delivery time interval and the decrease of the pH value of the second twin regarding to the first one. The acidosis of first twin could predict the acidosis status of the second twin.

Rotura uterina espontánea durante el segundo trimestre asociado a placenta pércreta. Caso clínico y revisión de la literatura / Spontaneous uterine rupture in the second trimester associated with placenta percreta: Case report and literature review

Caso de rotura uterina por placenta pércreta confirmado histológicamente a las 20 semanas de gestación y revisión bibliográfica de casos clínicos publicados de menos de 28 semanas (AU)

We report a case of histologically-confirmed uterine rupture due to placenta percreta at 20 weeks of gestation. We provide a review of case reports of this event occurring at less than 28 weeks of pregnancy (AU)

Neonatos pretérmino tardíos y a término precoces: una población de riesgo / Late preterm neonates and early term neonates: a population at risk

En los últimos años se ha incrementado considerablemente en el mundo el número de nacidos pretérmino (<37 semanas). El avance en las terapias prenatal (corticoides) y posnatal (surfactante) ha contribuido a mejorar sensiblemente el pronóstico de estos niños. Como consecuencia de ello, los obstetras estamos desplazando con cierta inconsciencia la barrera de la prematuridad a la 34.a semana de gestación, con el consiguiente incremento de la prematuridad iatrogénica no siempre valorada en su justa medida. En ocasiones olvidamos que el embarazo en la especie humana dura como media 40 semanas y que, a lo largo de todo este periodo, se está produciendo el desarrollo morfológico y funcional de todos los órganos. Este proceso no finaliza en la semana 34.a, ni siquiera en la 37.a. Es cierto que esta maduración puede alcanzarse extrauterinamente pero está demostrado que ello no se produce de igual modo que dentro del seno materno. Debemos ser conscientes y actuar en consecuencia, ya que estos nacidos prematuros de más de 34 semanas, incluso los nacidos entre las 37.a y 39.a semanas, presentan morbilidad significativa, e incluso tienen incrementada la mortalidad perinatal (AU)

Recently the number of premature newborns (<37 weeks) has substantially increased worldwide. The prognosis of these neonates has been greatly improved by prenatal (corticosteroids) and postnatal (pulmonary surfactant) therapies. Consequently, almost unconsciously, obstetricians have moved the cut-off for prematurity to the 34th week, thus promoting an increase in iatrogenic prematurity. It is sometimes forgotten that human pregnancies are, on average, 40 weeks long. During this period, the morphological and functional development of the fetus occurs. This process does not finish in the 34th week or even in the 37th week. This maturation can occur in an extrauterine environment but differs from that in utero. Obstetricians should be fully aware that neonates born at 34 weeks, and even those born between 37 and 39 weeks, show significant morbidity and even increased perinatal mortality (AU)

Laparoscopic creation of a neovagina in Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome by modified Vecchietti's procedure.

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to apply Vecchietti's principles to laparoscopy for the creation of a neovagina in patients diagnosed with Rokitansky syndrome. STUDY DESIGN: The setting was a university tertiary hospital. The design was a descriptive study to describe the outcome in 18 patients diagnosed with Rokitansky syndrome after laparoscopic creation of a neovagina applying Vecchietti's principles and implementing some useful modifications. RESULTS: In 17 patients the result was considered successful when a new neovagina measuring at least 10cm long was obtained. Less satisfactory in the 18th patient was when a shortened neovagina was found at the 2-year follow-up as the patient did not follow the postoperative recommendations. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic creation of a neovagina is a safe, minimally invasive treatment with good functional and sexual results.