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1.
Healthcare (Basel) ; 11(7)2023 Mar 28.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37046892

ABSTRACT

The university stage is a good time to promote healthy eating strategies. The sociological and cultural changes experienced by students lead them to skip meals, increase their intake of fast food and energy-dense foods, decreasing adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD). Professionals related to food such as nutritionists and dietitians are also considered a population at risk of developing eating disorders due to the extensive knowledge they possess, which can be used for both good and bad practice. The objective was to analyze the impact of a 4-month educational program promoting the Mediterranean diet on risky eating behaviors, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and body composition in nutrition and dietetics students, studying the differences according to the group investigated (control group and educated group). The context of the research was 196 students (49 males and 147 females) from two consecutive years. The control group did not receive any type of intervention, while with the control group (educated) an educational program was carried out. Results showed that women with greater control over energy intake, carbohydrates, and sugar had a lower percentage of fat mass, while in men, the relationship was established with weight. Regarding adherence to the Mediterranean diet, at post, it is adequate in both men (8.25 ± 2.87) and women (7.90 ± 2.89), with no significant differences between the intervention groups.

2.
Nutr. hosp ; 37(3): 549-558, mayo-jun. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-193863

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: studies have been published in Europe comparing the mean macronutrient and micronutrient intake values of the general population with those of the vegan population, but none has been conducted in a country that mainly follows the Mediterranean diet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to carry out this comparison in Spain. METHODS: a cross-sectional study of a sample of Spanish vegans was designed in 2015. To compare the distribution of nutrients with those of the general population, we used data from the Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition, which was considered to be normally distributed as it was a large population with biological parameters. All participants were asked about their dietary intake for the previous day (24 hour reminder) and the nutrients were calculated using specialized software. The distributions were compared using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. RESULTS: the sample comprised 102 vegans, 67 of whom were women. The vegan population consumed more carbohydrates and fiber, less total fat (women only), fewer saturated fatty acids, and more polyunsaturated fatty acids. They had much lower cholesterol intake, lower calcium and iodine intake, higher iron and folic acid intake, and much lower intake of vitamins B12 and D. CONCLUSIONS: Spanish vegans had nutritional deficiencies compared to the general population and should therefore ensure their diet includes the necessary supplements


ANTECEDENTES: se han publicado en Europa estudios que comparan los valores medios de ingesta de macronutrientes y micronutrientes de la población general con los de la población vegana, pero ninguno se ha llevado a cabo en un país que sigue principalmente la dieta mediterránea. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue llevar a cabo esta comparación en España. MÉTODOS: se diseñó un estudio transversal de una muestra de veganos españoles en 2015. Para comparar la distribución de nutrientes con los de la población general, utilizamos datos de la Agencia Española de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutrición, considerando dichos datos como una distribución normal de parámetros biológicos al constituir una gran muestra. A todos los participantes se les preguntó sobre su ingesta dietética en el día anterior y los nutrientes se calcularon utilizando un software especializado. Las distribuciones se compararon mediante la prueba de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. RESULTADOS: la muestra comprendió 102 veganos, 67 de los cuales eran mujeres. La población vegana consumió más carbohidratos y fibra, menos grasa total (solo mujeres), menos ácidos grasos saturados y más ácidos grasos poliinsaturados. Tenían una ingesta mucho más baja de colesterol, una ingesta más baja de calcio y yodo, una mayor ingesta de hierro y ácido fólico, y una ingesta mucho más baja de vitaminas B12 y D. CONCLUSIÓN: los veganos españoles tenían deficiencias nutricionales en comparación con la población general y, por lo tanto, deben asegurarse de que su dieta incluya los suplementos necesarios


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Nutrients/therapeutic use , Micronutrients/therapeutic use , Vegans/statistics & numerical data , Diet, Vegan/methods , Diet Therapy/methods , Diet, Mediterranean , Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/therapeutic use , Dietary Supplements
3.
Nutr Hosp ; 34(3): 549-558, 2020 Jul 13.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32406740

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Objective: studies have been published in Europe comparing the mean macronutrient and micronutrient intake values of the general population with those of the vegan population, but none has been conducted in a country that mainly follows the Mediterranean diet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to carry out this comparison in Spain. Methods: a cross-sectional study of a sample of Spanish vegans was designed in 2015. To compare the distribution of nutrients with those of the general population, we used data from the Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition, which was considered to be normally distributed as it was a large population with biological parameters. All participants were asked about their dietary intake for the previous day (24 hour reminder) and the nutrients were calculated using specialized software. The distributions were compared using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Results: The sample comprised 102 vegans, 67 of whom were women. The vegan population consumed more carbohydrates and fiber, less total fat (women only), fewer saturated fatty acids, and more polyunsaturated fatty acids. They had much lower cholesterol intake, lower calcium and iodine intake, higher iron and folic acid intake, and much lower intake of vitamins B12 and D. Conclusions: Spanish vegans had nutritional deficiencies compared to the general population and should therefore ensure their diet includes the necessary supplements.


INTRODUCCIÓN: Antecedentes: se han publicado en Europa estudios que comparan los valores medios de ingesta de macronutrientes y micronutrientes de la población general con los de la población vegana, pero ninguno se ha llevado a cabo en un país que sigue principalmente la dieta mediterránea. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue llevar a cabo esta comparación en España. Métodos: se diseñó un estudio transversal de una muestra de veganos españoles en 2015. Para comparar la distribución de nutrientes con los de la población general, utilizamos datos de la Agencia Española de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutrición, considerando dichos datos como una distribución normal de parámetros biológicos al constituir una gran muestra. A todos los participantes se les preguntó sobre su ingesta dietética en el día anterior y los nutrientes se calcularon utilizando un software especializado. Las distribuciones se compararon mediante la prueba de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. RESULTADOS: La muestra comprendió 102 veganos, 67 de los cuales eran mujeres. La población vegana consumió más carbohidratos y fibra, menos grasa total (solo mujeres), menos ácidos grasos saturados y más ácidos grasos poliinsaturados. Tenían una ingesta mucho más baja de colesterol, una ingesta más baja de calcio y yodo, una mayor ingesta de hierro y ácido fólico, y una ingesta mucho más baja de vitaminas B12 y D. Conclusión: los veganos españoles tenían deficiencias nutricionales en comparación con la población general y, por lo tanto, deben asegurarse de que su dieta incluya los suplementos necesarios.


Subject(s)
Diet, Vegan , Micronutrients , Nutrients , Adiposity , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dietary Carbohydrates , Dietary Fiber , Dietary Supplements , Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/blood , Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/blood , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Minerals/administration & dosage , Nutritional Status , Spain , Vitamins/administration & dosage
4.
Nutr Hosp ; 31(5): 2109-14, 2015 May 01.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25929381

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper is to determine the presence of metabolic syndrome predictors in 2-to-7- year-old children according to nutrition state. METHOD: A descriptive study with quantitative analysis was conducted in 260 2-to-7-year-old children (135 girls and 125 boys), 66% of the total census. Anthropometric parameters and blood pressure were measured and BMI, body fat by Hoffman and waist-to-height ratio (ICT) were calculated. Subgroups according BMI Z-Score by age and gender (low weight, normal weight, overweight and obesity), body fat (normal and excess), ICT (normal and abdominal obesity) and systolic pressure (normotensive and hypertensive by age and gender) were performed. BMI Z-Score classification was primary endpoint used. RESULTS: Combined prevalence of overweight and obesity was 27%, with no difference by sex. Nutritional state was significantly associated with blood pressure, body fat and abdominal obesity as waist-to-height ratio. Higher percentage of obese children had high systolic blood pressure versus normal weight children (OR = 4.1; 95% CI 1.7-9.8; p <0.001). Higher hypertension risk was found in abdominal obesity group (OR = 84.4, 95% CI 17.8-194.0; p <0.001). ICT correlates with groups of systolic blood pressure (p <0.001). Distribution by ICT is consistent with the BMI Z-Score ones, increasing abdominal obesity with BMI (in 96.8% of obese match both criteria). CONCLUSION: A direct relation between overweight and obesity with hypertension, body fat and abdominal obesity in preschoolers is presented. It is showed the validity of accessible anthropometric (ICT and body fat percentage) to study metabolic syndrome risk factors.


Se plantea como objetivo determinar la presencia de predictores de síndrome metabólico en niños de 2 a 7 años en relación a su estado nutricional. Método: Estudio descriptivo con análisis cuantitativo en 260 niños de 2-7 años (135 niñas y 125 niños), 66% del total censados. Se midieron parámetros antropométricos y tensión arterial y se calcularon IMC, grasa corporal según Hoffman e índice cintura-talla (ICT). Se realizaron subgrupos con Z-Score del IMC según edad y sexo (bajo peso, normopeso, sobrepeso y obesidad), según grasa corporal (normal y con exceso), ICT (normal y obesidad abdominal) y tensión sistólica (normotensos e hipertensos según edad y sexo). Se utilizó como variable principal la clasificación según Z-Score del IMC. Resultados: La prevalencia combinada de sobrepeso y obesidad fue del 27%, sin diferencias por sexo. El estado nutricional relacionó significativamente con tensión arterial, grasa corporal e índice cintura-talla. Mayor porcentaje de obesos con tensión arterial sistólica alta que de normonutridos (OR=4.1; IC95% 1.7-9.8; p.


Subject(s)
Blood Pressure , Body Fat Distribution , Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology , Obesity, Abdominal/epidemiology , Obesity/pathology , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Metabolic Syndrome/physiopathology , Obesity, Abdominal/physiopathology , Predictive Value of Tests , Prevalence , Spain/epidemiology
5.
Nutr. hosp ; 31(5): 2109-2144, mayo 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-140378

ABSTRACT

Se plantea como objetivo determinar la presencia de predictores de síndrome metabólico en niños de 2 a 7 años en relación a su estado nutricional. Método: Estudio descriptivo con análisis cuantitativo en 260 niños de 2-7 años (135 niñas y 125 niños), 66% del total censados. Se midieron parámetros antropométricos y tensión arterial y se calcularon IMC, grasa corporal según Hoffman e índice cintura-talla (ICT). Se realizaron subgrupos con Z-Score del IMC según edad y sexo (bajo peso, normopeso, sobrepeso y obesidad), según grasa corporal (normal y con exceso), ICT (normal y obesidad abdominal) y tensión sistólica (normotensos e hipertensos según edad y sexo). Se utilizó como variable principal la clasificación según Z-Score del IMC. Resultados: La prevalencia combinada de sobrepeso y obesidad fue del 27%, sin diferencias por sexo. El estado nutricional relacionó significativamente con tensión arterial, grasa corporal e índice cintura-talla. Mayor porcentaje de obesos con tensión arterial sistólica alta que de normonutridos (OR=4.1; IC95% 1.7-9.8; p<0,001). Mayor riesgo de hipertensión en obesidad abdominal (OR=84.4; IC95% 17.8-194.0; p<0,001). El ICT correlaciona con los grupos de tensión arterial sistólica (p<0,001). La distribución según ICT es concordante con la de Z-Score de IMC, aumentando la obesidad abdominal con el IMC (en el 96.8% de obesos coinciden ambos criterios). Conclusión: Se presenta una relación directa entre sobrepeso y obesidad con hipertensión arterial, grasa corporal y obesidad abdominal en preescolares. Se muestra la validez de valores antropométricos accesibles (ICT y porcentaje de grasa corporal) para estudiar factores de riesgo del síndrome metabólico (AU)


Objective: The aim of this paper is to determine the presence of metabolic syndrome predictors in 2-to-7- year-old children according to nutrition state. Method: A descriptive study with quantitative analysis was conducted in 260 2-to-7-year-old children (135 girls and 125 boys), 66% of the total census. Anthropometric parameters and blood pressure were measured and BMI, body fat by Hoffman and waist-to-height ratio (ICT) were calculated. Subgroups according BMI Z-Score by age and gender (low weight, normal weight, overweight and obesity), body fat (normal and excess), ICT (normal and abdominal obesity) and systolic pressure (normotensive and hypertensive by age and gender) were performed. BMI Z-Score classification was primary endpoint used. Results: Combined prevalence of overweight and obesity was 27%, with no difference by sex. Nutritional state was significantly associated with blood pressure, body fat and abdominal obesity as waist-to-height ratio. Higher percentage of obese children had high systolic blood pressure versus normal weight children (OR = 4.1; 95% CI 1.7-9.8; p<0.001). Higher hypertension risk was found in abdominal obesity group (OR = 84.4, 95% CI 17.8-194.0; p<0.001). ICT correlates with groups of systolic blood pressure p<0.001). Distribution by ICT is consistent with the BMI Z-Score ones, increasing abdominal obesity with BMI (in 96.8% of obese match both criteria). Conclusion: A direct relation between overweight and obesity with hypertension, body fat and abdominal obesity in preschoolers is presented. It is showed the validity of accessible anthropometric (ICT and body fat percentage) to study metabolic syndrome risk factors (AU)


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Obesity, Abdominal/epidemiology , Adipose Tissue , Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology , Systole/physiology , Skinfold Thickness , Risk Factors , Pediatric Obesity/epidemiology , Nutritional Status/physiology , Blood Pressure Determination , Body Composition
6.
Nutr. hosp ; 31(4): 1733-1737, abr. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-135081

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Se muestra un estudio novedoso en el cual se han analizado la prevalencia y el tipo de suplementos consumidos entre usuarios de gimnasio de la provincia de Alicante que padecen dismorfia muscular (DM). Metodología: Se analizaron gimnastas de varias salas de musculación de Alicante (zona urbana del sureste español), donde se recogieron las medidas de 141 varones de edad comprendida entre 18-45 años, que persiguen el aumento de su masa muscular. Se tuvieron en cuenta el IMC (kg/m2 ), si consumían suplementos y que tipos. Y se ha determinado si padecían o no DM, a través de la Escala de satisfacción muscular. Resultados: La muestra está constituida por 141 varones, de los cuales 45 son DM y 96 no lo son. Un 89,9% y un 71,9% consumen o han consumido suplementos respectivamente. El consumo de los suplementos: proteínas, hidratos de carbono y creatina han resultado significativamente mayores entre los DM (p=0,007, p=0,016 y p=0,016 respectivamente). Los resultados del test Kidmed no han resultado significativos según el test Chi-cuadrado, pero con un porcentaje de dieta mediterránea superior en el grupo de los que padecen DM. Según el análisis multivariante son factores de riesgo el consumo de suplementos con una OR = 3.4 (IC95% = 1.1-10.9; p=0,041), el estar en sobrepeso con una OR = 20.9 (IC95% = 2.2-195.6; p=0,008) y ser obesos con OR = 15.5 (IC95% = 1.6-145.8; p=0,017). Conclusión: La prevalencia de consumo de suplementos tanto en DM como en no DM ha dado valores relativamente altos con respecto a la mayoría de estudios. Los suplementos mas consumidos fueron proteínas, creatina e hidratos de carbono. El riesgo de padecer DM aumenta con el grado de obesidad y el grado en que se consumen suplementos (AU)


Objective: To analyze the prevalence and diet supplements used among gym users with muscle dysmorphia (MD) in the province of Alicante. Methodology: Several gymnasts weights-lift rooms of the urban area of Alicante were analyzed, collecting measurements of 141 (18-45 years of age) males that pursue an increase in their muscle mass. BMI (kg/m2 ), type and consume of diet supplements have been checked; and has been determined whether or not the presence of DM through the muscle scale satisfaction. Results: The sample consisted of 141 men, of whom 45 are with MD and 96 not. 89.9% and 71.9% use or have used diet supplements respectively. The consumption of supplements: proteins, carbohydrates and creatine have been significantly higher in MD´s users (p=0.007, p=0.016 and p=0.016 respectively). The Kidmed´s test results have not been significant according to the Chi-square test, but with a higher percentage of the Mediterranean diet in the group of those with DM. According to multivariate analysis are risk factors consuming supplements with an OR=3.4 (95%CI=1.1-10.9; p=0.041), being overweight with an OR=20.9 (95% CI=2.2-195.6; p =0.008) and obese with an OR=15.5 (95% CI=1.6-145.8; p=0.017). Conclusion: The use prevalence of diet supplements among MD and non-MD has relatively higher values compared to most studies. The most consumed diet supplements were protein, creatine and carbohydrates. The risk of suffering MD increases with the obesity degree and supplements consumption (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Body Dysmorphic Disorders/epidemiology , Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology , Diet, Mediterranean/statistics & numerical data , Nutrition Assessment , Nutritional Status , Dietary Supplements , Risk Factors , Obesity/epidemiology , Physical Conditioning, Human/physiology
7.
Nutr Hosp ; 31(4): 1733-7, 2015 Apr 01.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25795965

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence and diet supplements used among gym users with muscle dysmorphia (MD) in the province of Alicante. METHODOLOGY: Several gymnasts weights-lift rooms of the urban area of Alicante were analyzed, collecting measurements of 141 (18-45 years of age) males that pursue an increase in their muscle mass. BMI (kg/m2), type and consume of diet supplements have been checked; and has been determined whether or not the presence of DM through the muscle scale satisfaction. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 141 men, of whom 45 are with MD and 96 not. 89.9% and 71.9% use or have used diet supplements respectively. The consumption of supplements: proteins, carbohydrates and creatine have been significantly higher in MD´s users (p=0.007, p=0.016 and p=0.016 respectively). The Kidmed´s test results have not been significant according to the Chi-square test, but with a higher percentage of the Mediterranean diet in the group of those with DM. According to multivariate analysis are risk factors consuming supplements with an OR=3.4 (95%CI=1.1-10.9; p=0.041), being overweight with an OR=20.9 (95% CI=2.2-195.6; p =0.008) and obese with an OR=15.5 (95% CI=1.6-145.8; p=0.017). CONCLUSION: The use prevalence of diet supplements among MD and non-MD has relatively higher values compared to most studies. The most consumed diet supplements were protein, creatine and carbohydrates. The risk of suffering MD increases with the obesity degree and supplements consumption.


Objetivo: Se muestra un estudio novedoso en el cual se han analizado la prevalencia y el tipo de suplementos consumidos entre usuarios de gimnasio de la provincia de Alicante que padecen dismorfia muscular (DM). Metodología: Se analizaron gimnastas de varias salas de musculación de Alicante (zona urbana del sureste español), donde se recogieron las medidas de 141 varones de edad comprendida entre 18-45 años, que persiguen el aumento de su masa muscular. Se tuvieron en cuenta el IMC (kg/m2), si consumían suplementos y que tipos. Y se ha determinado si padecían o no DM, a través de la Escala de satisfacción muscular. Resultados: La muestra está constituida por 141 varones, de los cuales 45 son DM y 96 no lo son. Un 89,9% y un 71,9% consumen o han consumido suplementos respectivamente. El consumo de los suplementos: proteínas, hidratos de carbono y creatina han resultado significativamente mayores entre los DM (p=0,007, p=0,016 y p=0,016 respectivamente). Los resultados del test Kidmed no han resultado significativos según el test Chi-cuadrado, pero con un porcentaje de dieta mediterránea superior en el grupo de los que padecen DM. Según el análisis multivariante son factores de riesgo el consumo de suplementos con una OR = 3.4 (IC95% = 1.1-10.9; p=0,041), el estar en sobrepeso con una OR = 20.9 (IC95% = 2.2-195.6; p=0,008) y ser obesos con OR = 15.5 (IC95% = 1.6-145.8; p=0,017). Conclusión: La prevalencia de consumo de suplementos tanto en DM como en no DM ha dado valores relativamente altos con respecto a la mayoría de estudios. Los suplementos mas consumidos fueron proteínas, creatina e hidratos de carbono. El riesgo de padecer DM aumenta con el grado de obesidad y el grado en que se consumen suplementos.


Subject(s)
Muscle Strength/physiology , Muscle, Skeletal/anatomy & histology , Physical Education and Training/methods , Adolescent , Adult , Body Mass Index , Diet, Mediterranean , Dietary Supplements/statistics & numerical data , Gymnastics , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Muscle, Skeletal/physiology , Obesity/epidemiology , Prevalence , Young Adult
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