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1.
Eur J Hosp Pharm ; 29(3): 157-163, 2022 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32816898

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine the degree of cross-contamination and to validate a cleaning process for an Automated Personalised Dosing System (APDS), respecting the permitted residue transfer limits. METHOD: An analytical determination by high pressure liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry was performed for 11 drugs considered critical for their potential for contamination, toxicity (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) List 2016) and/or narrow therapeutic index. The test was carried out for three consecutive weeks, seven repetitions per week, in a state of maximum contamination and maximum cleanliness. The main validation criterion of the cleaning protocol was to quantify that the active ingredients measured were below the Permitted Daily Exposure index or fraction 1/1000 of the minimum daily dose, both in a state of maximum contamination and when the APDS is in a clean condition, for an average number of tablets consumed per person per day. RESULTS: In all the samples analysed, some compound could always be quantified below 2% of the permitted transfer limits, highlighting the presence of paracetamol and carbamazepine. In the state of maximum contamination, the mean±SD values of paracetamol and carbamazepine were 5.83±1.56 µg and 0.22±0.07 µg, respectively, without significant differences in mean values over the 3 weeks of the study. After the cleaning protocol was executed, only paracetamol and carbamazepine were detected, with the average values being 4.67 µg (95% CI 3.92 to 5.43, p<0.05) and 0.07 µg (95% CI 0.03 to 0.10, p<0.05) lower than the state of maximum contamination, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In all cases the level of cross-contamination for an APDS was below the pre-established limits. The cleaning protocol has been validated, confirming APDS decontamination of the most critical medicines.


Subject(s)
Acetaminophen , Drug Contamination , Carbamazepine , Humans , United States
2.
Farm. hosp ; 45(4): 170-175, julio-agosto 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-218699

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Los objetivos de este trabajo son estudiar el tipo de tratamiento antitrombótico y sus complicaciones en pacientes institucionalizados con fibrilación auricular no valvular y evaluar el grado de controlanticoagulante con medicamentos tipo antivitamina K.Método: Estudio observacional de seguimiento prospectivo realizado en siete centros gerontológicos durante el año 2016, valorandoen aquellos residentes con fibrilación auricular no valvular la terapiaantitrombótica establecida y las incidencias embólicas, hemorrágicasy la mortalidad. En los residentes anticoagulados con antivitamina K semidió el control de la anticoagulación, estimándose un mal control si elmétodo de Rosendaal fuese < 65% o el tiempo en rango terapéuticodirecto < 60%.Resultados: De los 699 residentes analizados, el 20,6% tenían undiagnóstico de fibrilación auricular no valvular, con una edad media de85,83 años. El riesgo cardioembólico fue alto (CHA2DS2-VASc medio4,79), así como el riesgo hemorrágico (HAS-BLED medio 3,04). El 50%estaban anticoagulados, principalmente con antivitamina K, de los cualesal menos el 56% no se encontraban dentro del rango terapéutico. Un16% de los residentes no tenían prescrita terapia antitrombótica, destacando en éstos una mayor dependencia funcional, cognitiva y edad más avanzada. Se encontró una mayor frecuencia de ingresos hospitalarios de causa cardiovascular y de sangrados en aquellos residentes anticoagulados, aunque no hubo diferencias significativas. (AU)


Objective: The goals of this study were to analyze the type of antithrombotic treatment administered to institutionalized patients with nonvalvularatrial fibrillation (and any ensuing complications) and to evaluate thedegree of anticoagulation control achieved with vitamin K antagonists.Method: This was a prospective observational follow-up study carriedout in seven elderly care facilities during 2016. Patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation were evaluated for their antithrombotic therapy andany embolic or hemorrhagic events, as well as for mortality. Subjects onanticoagulation treatment with VKAs were evaluated for anticoagulationcontrol, with control considered poor if the mean time in therapeutic rangewas < 65% when measured with Rosendaal’s method or < 60% whendetermined by the direct method.Results: Of the 699 residents evaluated, 20.6% had a diagnosis ofNVAF. Average age was 85.83 years. Both the cardioembolic (meanCHA2DS2-VASc score: 4.79), and the hemorrhagic (mean HAS-BLEDscore: 3.04) risk were high. Fifty percent received anticoagulationtreatment, mainly with vitamin K antagonists, of whom at least 56% werenot within the therapeutic range. Sixteen percent of the residents, theoldest and most functionally and cognitively dependent ones, had notbeen prescribed any antithrombotic therapy. A higher frequency of hospital admissions induced by cardiovascular and bleeding events was found in these residents, although differences were not statistically significant. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Atrial Fibrillation/complications , Atrial Fibrillation/drug therapy , Fibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use , Stroke/drug therapy , Follow-Up Studies , Risk Factors
3.
Farm Hosp ; 45(4): 170-175, 2021 Jun 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34218761

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The goals of this study were to analyze the type of  ntithrombotic treatment administered to institutionalized patients with  nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (and any ensuing complications) and to  evaluate the degree of anticoagulation control achieved with vitamin K  antagonists. Method: This was a prospective observational follow-up study  carried out in seven elderly care facilities during 2016. Patients with  nonvalvular atrial fibrillation were evaluated for their antithrombotic  therapy and any embolic or hemorrhagic events, as well as for mortality.  Subjects on anticoagulation treatment with VKAs were evaluated for  anticoagulation control, with control considered poor if the mean time in  therapeutic range was < 65% when measured with Rosendaal's method or < 60% when determined by the direct method. RESULTS: Of the 699 residents evaluated, 20.6% had a diagnosis of NVAF.  Average age was 85.83 years. Both the cardioembolic (mean CHA2DS2- VASc score: 4.79), and the hemorrhagic (mean HAS-BLED score: 3.04)  risk were high. Fifty percent received anticoagulation treatment, mainly  with vitamin K antagonists, of whom at least 56% were not within the  therapeutic range. Sixteen percent of the residents, the oldest and most  functionally and cognitively dependent ones, had not been prescribed any  antithrombotic therapy. A higher frequency of hospital admissions induced  by cardiovascular and bleeding events was  found in these residents,  although differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Half of institutionalized geriatric patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation are anticoagulated, a third on antiplatelet  therapy, and some without any antithrombotic treatment. This study  howed that as functionality decreases, treatment strategies are  increasingly aimed at therapeutic deintensification. Given that the degree  of anticoagulation control with vitamin K antagonists is inadequate in 56%  of cases, it is essential to monitor the time in therapeutic range to  optimize treatment as needed.


Objetivo: Los objetivos de este trabajo son estudiar el tipo de tratamiento antitrombótico y sus complicaciones en pacientes  institucionalizados con fibrilación auricular no valvular y evaluar el grado  de control anticoagulante con medicamentos tipo antivitamina K.Método: Estudio observacional de seguimiento prospectivo realizado en  siete centros gerontológicos durante el año 2016, valorando en aquellos  residentes con fibrilación auricular no valvular la terapia antitrombótica  establecida y las incidencias embólicas, hemorrágicas y la mortalidad. En  los residentes anticoagulados con antivitamina K se midió el control de la  anticoagulación, estimándose un mal control si el método de Rosendaal  fuese < 65% o el tiempo en rango terapéutico directo < 60%.Resultados: De los 699 residentes analizados, el 20,6% tenían un diagnóstico de fibrilación auricular no valvular, con una edad media de 85,83 años. El riesgo cardioembólico fue alto (CHA2DS2-VASc medio 4,79), así como el riesgo hemorrágico (HAS-BLED medio 3,04). El  50% estaban anticoagulados, principalmente con antivitamina K, de los  cuales al menos el 56% no se encontraban dentro del rango terapéutico.  Un 16% de los residentes no tenían prescrita terapia antitrombótica,  destacando en éstos una mayor dependencia funcional, cognitiva y edad  más avanzada. Se encontró una mayor frecuencia de ingresos  hospitalarios  de causa cardiovascular y de sangrados en aquellos  residentes anticoagulados, aunque no hubo diferencias significativas.Conclusiones: La mitad de los pacientes geriátricos institucionalizados con fibrilación auricular no valvular están  anticoagulados, un tercio antiagregados y algunos sin tratamiento  antitrombótico, observando que a medida que disminuye la funcionalidad  las estrategias van en la línea de una desintensificación terapéutica. El  grado de control anticoagulante con antivitamina K es inadecuado en el  56% de los casos, por lo que es imprescindible monitorizar el tiempo en  rango terapéutico para optimizar el tratamiento cuando sea necesario.


Subject(s)
Atrial Fibrillation , Stroke , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Atrial Fibrillation/complications , Atrial Fibrillation/drug therapy , Fibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Risk Factors , Stroke/drug therapy
4.
Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol ; 56(1): 11-17, 2021.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33309422

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Dementia is one of the most frequent diseases in the elderly, being its prevalence of up to 64% in institutionalized people. In this population, in addition to antidementia drugs, it is common to prescribe drugs with anticholinergic/sedative burden that, due to their adverse effects, could worsen their functionality and cognitive status. The objective is to estimate the prevalence of the use of drugs with anticholinergic/ sedative burden in institutionalized older adults with dementia and to assess the associated factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study developed in older with dementia living in nursing homes. The prevalence of prescription of anticholinergic/sedative drugs was estimated according to the Drug Burden Index (DBI). A comparative analysis of the DBI score was performed between different types of dementia as well as among various factors and according to the anticholinergic/sedative risk, establishing as a cut-off point of DBI≥1 (high anticholinergic/sedative risk). RESULTS: 178 residents were included. 83.7% had some drug with anticholinergic/sedative burden according to DBI. 50% had a DBI≥1 score. Residents with vascular dementia had a mean DBI of 1.34 (SD 0.84), a significantly higher score than residents with Alzheimer's disease (0.41, 95% CI 0.04-0.78).). Likewise, a higher DBI was associated with more polypharmacy (3.36; 95% CI 2.64-4.08), more falls, hospital admissions and emergency room visits (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: Polypharmacy and prescription of anticholinergic/sedative drugs is frequent among institutionalized older adults with dementia, finding an association between DBI, falls and hospital admissions or emergency department visits. Therefore, it is necessary to propose interdisciplinary pharmacotherapeutic optimization strategies.


Subject(s)
Cholinergic Antagonists/administration & dosage , Dementia , Hypnotics and Sedatives/administration & dosage , Prescriptions/statistics & numerical data , Aged , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dementia/drug therapy , Homes for the Aged , Humans , Nursing Homes , Prevalence
5.
Farm. hosp ; 44(3): 92-95, mayo-jun. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-192341

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y sus características clínicas, tratamiento farmacológico específico y problemas derivados en personas institucionalizadas en centros residenciales. MÉTODO: Estudio observacional, transversal llevado a cabo en marzo de 2019 en seis centros residenciales en personas con diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Se recogieron variables demográficas, clínicas y bioquímicas, tratamiento farmacológico específico y eventos de hipoglucemia y caídas el año anterior. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 fue del 21,7%. El 70,90% de los pacientes tuvieron una glucohemoglobina ≤ 7% el último año, mostrando el 92% de los pacientes una fragilidad moderada-severa. Se encontraron 0,4 hipoglucemias/residente-año, siendo más frecuentes en pacientes insulinizados y en aquellos con función renal deteriorada. Sin embargo, no se encontraron más caídas en pacientes insulinizados (p > 0,05). El tratamiento de la diabetes fue adecuado de acuerdo a las recomendaciones de tratamiento en personas mayores. CONCLUSIONES: Se observa una prevalencia de diabetes tipo 2 ligeramente inferior a lo encontrado en la literatura especializada, con un control estricto de la enfermedad y una apropiada adecuación farmacoterapéutica según las recomendaciones de la European Diabetes Working Party for Older People. Los pacientes insulinizados y aquellos con función renal deteriorada tienen mayor riesgo de hipoglucemia


OBJECTIVE: To determine type 2 diabetes mellitus prevalence, clinical features, specific pharmacologic treatment and problems faced in nursing home patients.METHOD: Observational, cross-sectional study conducted in March 2019 in six nursing homes, examining persons diagnosed with type 2 dia-betes mellitus. Demographic, clinical and biochemical variables, specific pharmacologic therapy and hypoglycemia events as well as falls during the previous year were collected.RESULTS: Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus was 21.7%. 70.90% of the patients had glycated hemoglobin ≤ 7% last year, with 92% of the patients having a moderate-severe frailty. 0.4 hypoglycemia/resident-year were found, being more frequent in patients receiving insulinization and in those with impaired renal function. However, no further falls were found in insulinized patients (p > 0.05). Diabetes therapy was adequate according to treatment recommendations for the elderly. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of type 2 diabetes is slightly lower than that found in the literature, finding a strict control of the disease and an appro-priate pharmacotherapeutic adequacy according to the recommendations by the European Diabetes Working Party for Older People. Insulinized patients and those with impaired renal function have a higher risk of hypo-glycemia


Subject(s)
Humans , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology , Health of Institutionalized Elderly , Nursing Homes/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies , Hypoglycemia/complications , Hypoglycemia/drug therapy , Frail Elderly , Insulin/administration & dosage
6.
Farm Hosp ; 44(3): 92-95, 2020 04 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32452307

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine type 2 diabetes mellitus prevalence, clinical features, specific pharmacologic treatment and problems faced in nursing home patients. METHOD: Observational, cross-sectional study conducted in March 2019  in six nursing homes, examining persons diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Demographic, clinical and biochemical variables,  specific pharmacologic therapy and hypoglycemia events as well as falls  during the previous year were collected. RESULTS: Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus was 21.7%. 70.90% of the patients had glycated hemoglobin ≤ 7% last year, with 92% of  the patients having a moderate-severe frailty. 0.4  hypoglycemia/resident-year were found, being more frequent in patients receiving insulinization and in those with impaired renal function.  However, no further falls were found in insulinized patients (p > 0.05).  Diabetes therapy was adequate according to treatment  recommendations for the elderly. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of type 2 diabetes is slightly lower than that found in the literature, finding a strict control of the disease and an  appropriate pharmacotherapeutic adequacy according to the  recommendations by the European Diabetes Working Party for Older  People. Insulinized patients and those with impaired renal function have  a higher risk of hypoglycemia.


Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y sus características clínicas, tratamiento farmacológico específico y  problemas derivados en personas institucionalizadas en centros  residenciales.Método: Estudio observacional, transversal llevado a cabo en marzo de  2019 en seis centros residenciales en personas con diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Se recogieron variables demográficas,  clínicas y bioquímicas, tratamiento farmacológico específico y eventos  de hipoglucemia y caídas el año anterior.Resultados: La prevalencia de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 fue del 21,7%. El 70,90% de los pacientes tuvieron una glucohemoglobina ≤  7% el último año, mostrando el 92% de los pacientes una fragilidad  moderada-severa. Se encontraron 0,4 hipoglucemias/residente-año,  siendo más frecuentes en pacientes insulinizados y en aquellos con  función renal deteriorada. Sin embargo, no se encontraron más caídas  en pacientes insulinizados (p > 0,05). El tratamiento de la diabetes fue  adecuado de acuerdo a las recomendaciones de tratamiento en  personas mayores.Conclusiones: Se observa una prevalencia de diabetes tipo 2  ligeramente inferior a lo encontrado en la literatura especializada, con  un control estricto de la enfermedad y una apropiada adecuación  farmacoterapéutica según las recomendaciones de la European Diabetes Working Party for Older People. Los pacientes insulinizados y aquellos  con función renal deteriorada tienen mayor riesgo de hipoglucemia.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Nursing Homes/statistics & numerical data , Accidental Falls/statistics & numerical data , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diabetic Nephropathies/drug therapy , Diabetic Nephropathies/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Hypoglycemia/chemically induced , Hypoglycemia/epidemiology , Inpatients , Insulin/therapeutic use , Male , Prevalence , Spain/epidemiology
7.
Farm. hosp ; 42(4): 141-146, jul.-ago. 2018. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-174831

ABSTRACT

Objetivo:Comparar la incidencia y la gravedad de los errores de dispensación notificados cuando la dispensación a centros sociosanitarios se realiza con un sistema de pastilleros frente a un sistema automatizado de dispensación específicamente seleccionado. Método: Estudio retrospectivo observacional pre-post en siete centros socio-sanitarios geriátricos. Se comparan los errores de dispensación comunicados voluntariamente de dos periodos distintos: dispensación en pastilleros semanales (año 2013) y dispensación semanal con un sistema automatizado de dosificación personalizada Xana 4001U2 Tosho® para medicamentos orales sólidos, acompañada de dispensación manual para otras formas farmacéuticas (año 2015). Se analizan datos de funcionalidad, cognición y farmacológicos de los residentes atendidos en ambos periodos. Resultados: La media de edad (83,9 y 83,6 años; p > 0,05) y la función física (índice de Barthel 41,8 y 44,2; p > 0,05) de los residentes fueron comparables, mientras que existieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la función cognitiva (MEC-35 20,3 y 21,7; p < 0,0,5). Se comunicaron 408 errores de dispensación con la dispensación manual, comparada con los 36 que se comunicaron con la dispensación automatizada, lo que supone una reducción relativa de un 91%. De estos errores, 43 frente a 6 alcanzaron al residente, respectivamente, y 5 errores frente a 1 requirieron al menos seguimiento. Conclusiones: La implantación de un sistema automatizado de dosificación personalizada ha permitido mejorar significativamente la seguridad en la dispensación y posterior administración de medicamentos sólidos a centros socio-sanitarios. La comunicación voluntaria de errores de medicación ha permitido comparar la seguridad en cuanto a la dispensación de dos sistemas diferentes de dispensación a centros sociosanitarios


Objective: To compare the rate and severity of reported dispensing errors in nursing homes using manual medication dispensation vs automated dispensation with a specifically selected Automated Dispensing System. Method: A pre-post retrospective observational study conducted in 7 nursing homes. Comparison of voluntarily reported dispensing errors in 2 periods under a manual dispensing system of weekly pill boxes (data from 2013) and an Automated drug dispensing and Packaging System Xana 4001U2 Tosho® for oral solid medications used in combination with a manual system for other drug forms (data from 2015). We analysed patient function, cognition, and pharmacological data from both periods. Results: The residents’ mean age (83.9 vs 83.6 years; P > .05) and physical functioning (Barthel index 41.8 vs 44.2; P > .05) were similar, but not their level of cognitive functioning (MMSE 20.3 vs 21.7; P < .05). During 2013 (manual system) 408 errors were detected, whereas in 2015 (automated system) only 36 were detected. This represents a reduction of 91% in dispensing errors. A total of 43 errors reached the patient in 2013 vs 6 errors in 2015. Of these, 5 errors vs 1 error, respectively, required monitoring. Conclusions: The introduction of an Automated drug dispensing and Packaging System significantly improves safety in the dispensing and administration of solid medications in nursing homes. The voluntary reporting of errors facilitated comparisons of safety during the 2 periods under different dispensing systems


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Medication Errors/prevention & control , Health Facilities , Automation/methods , Patient Safety , Risk Management/methods , Good Dispensing Practices , Dosage , Retrospective Studies , Observational Study , Health Services for the Aged/organization & administration
8.
Farm Hosp ; 42(4): 141-146, 2018 07 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29959837

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To compare the frequency and seriousness of notified dispensing errors in nursing homes when medication is dispensed manually versus automatically using a specifically selected automatic dispensing system. METHOD: A pre-post retrospective observational study in 7 nursing homes. We  compare voluntarily notified dispensing errors in a manually dispensed weekly  system on the one hand (year 2013), with an Automated Tablet Dispensing and  Packaging System Xana4001U2 Tosho® for oral solid drugs used in combination  with a manual system for other drug forms (year 2015), on the other. We  analyze patient function, cognition and pharmacological data in two time  periods. RESULTS: Residents' mean age (83.9 vs 83.6 years; p > 0.05) and physical functioning (Barthel index 41.8 vs 44.2; p > 0.05) were similar, but not  cognitive functioning (MMSE 20.3 vs 21.7; p < 0.0,5). During the year previous to the automated dispensing, 408 errors were detected with the manual system, whereas only 36 were detected in the following yearwith the automated system. This represents a reduction of 91% in dispensing errors. 43 errors reached the patient during the manually dispensing year, versus 6 during the automated year. And 5 errors versus 1 required monitoring. CONCLUSIONS: The introduction of an automatic tablet dispensing and packaging  system has shown to be an important improvement in safety in the dispensing  and administration of solid drugs in nursing homes. The voluntary notification of  errors has permitted the comparison of safety during two time periods with  different dispensing systems.


Objetivo: Comparar la incidencia y la gravedad de los errores de dispensación notificados cuando la dispensación a centros sociosanitarios se  realiza con un sistema de pastilleros frente a un sistema automatizado de  dispensación específicamente seleccionado.Método: Estudio retrospectivo observacional pre-post en siete centros  sociosanitarios geriátricos. Se comparan los errores de dispensación  comunicados voluntariamente de dos periodos distintos: dispensación en  pastilleros semanales (año 2013) y dispensación semanal con un sistema  automatizado de dosificación personalizada Xana 4001U2 Tosho® para  medicamentos orales sólidos, acompañada de dispensación manual para otras  formas farmacéuticas (año 2015). Se analizan datos de funcionalidad, cognición  y farmacológicos de los residentes atendidos en ambos periodos.Resultados: La media de edad (83,9 y 83,6 años; p > 0,05) y la función física  (índice de Barthel 41,8 y 44,2; p > 0,05) de los residentes fueron comparables,  mientras que existieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la función  cognitiva (MEC-35 20,3 y 21,7; p < 0,0,5). Se comunicaron 408 errores de  dispensación con la dispensación manual, comparada con los 36 que se  comunicaron con la dispensación automatizada, lo que supone una reducción  relativa de un 91%. De estos errores, 43 frente a 6 alcanzaron al residente,  respectivamente, y 5 errores frente a 1 requirieron al menos seguimiento.Conclusiones: La implantación de un sistema automatizado de dosificación personalizada ha permitido mejorar significativamente la seguridad  en la dispensación y posterior administración de medicamentos sólidos a centros  sociosanitarios. La comunicación voluntaria de errores de medicación ha permitido comparar la seguridad en cuanto a la dispensación de dos sistemas  diferentes de dispensación a centros sociosanitarios.


Subject(s)
Automation , Medication Errors/prevention & control , Medication Therapy Management/organization & administration , Nursing Homes/organization & administration , Patient Safety , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Drug Packaging , Female , Humans , Male , Retrospective Studies
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