Elastografía asociada a la ecografía endobronquial en el estudio de adenopatías hiliares y mediastínicas / Endobronchial ultrasound elastography for diagnosing mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes

INTRODUCCIÓN: El objetivo principal es analizar la variabilidad técnica de la EBUS-elastografía para diferenciar entre adenopatías hiliares y mediastínicas benignas y malignas. Como objetivo secundario, se analizan los resultados de la EBUS-elastografía en dicha diferenciación, comparándolos con los resultados anatomopatológicos. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio analítico prospectivo de adenopatías consecutivas en las que se realizó EBUS-elastografía. Se analizan las variables elastográficas y la variabilidad técnica de la EBUS-elastografía. RESULTADOS: Muestra de 24 pacientes, 38 adenopatías. El 60,5% presentaban antecedentes de neoplasia. El 71% tenían intención diagnóstica, el 53% para estadificación mediastínica de una neoplasia conocida; el 25% de los casos con doble intención. Se clasificaron las adenopatías en patrones de color elastográficos, siendo el rojo propio de tejidos elásticos y el azul de rígidos. Las adenopatías con patrón de color predominantemente azul se asociaron con resultado anatomopatológico de malignidad (86% vs. 14%, OR 20,4 (3,1-245,1) p = 0,00015). Se evidenció menor dispersión del color en los histogramas de frecuencias y mayor ratio de píxeles azules y strain ratio en adenopatías con resultado AP de malignidad frente a benignas. Dichas variables presentaron respectivamente 8,7, 9,9 y 31,6% de variabilidad en las repeticiones dentro de la misma adenopatía. Se obtuvo un 66% de consistencia en el caso de los patrones de colores (p = 0,000). CONCLUSIONES: EBUS-elastografía es una herramienta diagnóstica de estudio tisular factible durante la realización de EBUS, capaz de predecir la presencia de infiltración maligna ganglionar. Los datos cuantitativos elastográficos muestran escasa variabilidad en repeticiones dentro de la misma adenopatía, siendo el strain ratio el parámetro elastográfico más variable

INTRODUCTION: The main objective was to analyze the technical variability of EBUS-elastography in the differentiation of benign and malignant hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes. As a secondary objective, the results of the EBUS-elastography in said differentiation were analyzed, comparing them with the anatomopathological results. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective and analytical study of lymph nodes in which EBUS-elastography was performed. Elastographic variables and their variability were analyzed. RESULTS: 24 patients and 38 lymph nodes were evaluated. Of these, 60.5% had a history of neoplasia, 71% of them were EBUS-elastography with diagnostic intention, 53% were mediastinal staging of lung cancer. Both procedures were performed in 25% of the patients. Lymph nodes were classified into elastographic colour patterns, red being characteristic of elastic tissues and blue of rigid tissues. The lymphadenopathies with apredominantly blue pattern were associated with an anatomopathological result of malignancy (86% vs. 14%, OR 20.4 (3.1 -245.1) p-value = .00015). Malignant lymph nodes presented less colour dispersion in the frequency histograms and a higher ratio of blue pixels and higher strain ratio. These variables showed a variability of 8.7, 9.9 and 31.6% respectively in repetitions in the same adenopathy. Finally, a 66% of consistency was obtained in the event of colour pattern variability (p .0000). CONCLUSIONS: EBUS-elastography is feasible during EBUS and may be helpful in predicting malignant lymph node infiltration. The quantitative elastographic data show low variability in repetitions in the same adenopathy. The strain ratio is the most variable elastographic parameter

Endobronchial ultrasound elastography for diagnosing mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes. / Elastografía asociada a la ecografía endobronquial en el estudio de adenopatías hiliares y mediastínicas.

INTRODUCTION: The main objective was to analyze the technical variability of EBUS-elastography in the differentiation of benign and malignant hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes. As a secondary objective, the results of the EBUS-elastography in said differentiation were analyzed, comparing them with the anatomopathological results. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective and analytical study of lymph nodes in which EBUS-elastography was performed. Elastographic variables and their variability were analyzed. RESULTS: 24 patients and 38 lymph nodes were evaluated. Of these, 60.5% had a history of neoplasia, 71% of them were EBUS-elastography with diagnostic intention, 53% were mediastinal staging of lung cancer. Both procedures were performed in 25% of the patients. Lymph nodes were classified into elastographic colour patterns, red being characteristic of elastic tissues and blue of rigid tissues. The lymphadenopathies with apredominantly blue pattern were associated with an anatomopathological result of malignancy (86% vs. 14%, OR 20.4 (3.1 -245.1) p-value = .00015). Malignant lymph nodes presented less colour dispersion in the frequency histograms and a higher ratio of blue pixels and higher strain ratio. These variables showed a variability of 8.7, 9.9 and 31.6% respectively in repetitions in the same adenopathy. Finally, a 66% of consistency was obtained in the event of colour pattern variability (p .0000). CONCLUSIONS: EBUS-elastography is feasible during EBUS and may be helpful in predicting malignant lymph node infiltration. The quantitative elastographic data show low variability in repetitions in the same adenopathy. The strain ratio is the most variable elastographic parameter.

Mortalidad y fibrilación auricular en el estudio FIACA: evidencia de un efecto diferencial según el diagnóstico al ingreso hospitalario / Mortality and atrial fibrillation in the FIACA study: evidence of a differential effect according to admission diagnosis

Introducción y objetivos: La fibrilación auricular (FA) es un conocido factor de riesgo de mortalidad en diferentes patologías. Sin embargo, los datos publicados en insuficiencia cardiaca descompensada (ICD) son contradictorios. El objetivo es investigar el impacto en la mortalidad de la FA en pacientes ingresados por ICD, comparativamente con otras causas. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de cohortes, en el que durante 10 años se reclutó a todos los pacientes que ingresaron por ICD, infarto agudo de miocardio (IAM) y accidente cerebrovascular (ACV), con una mediana de seguimiento de 6,2 años. Resultados: Se reclutó a 6.613 pacientes (74 ± 11 años; 54,6% varones); 2.177 con IAM, 2.208 con ICD y 2.228 con ACV. La mortalidad cruda tras el alta de los pacientes con FA e IAM (razón de tasas de incidencia, 2,48; p < 0,001) y ACV (razón de tasas de incidencia, 1,84; p < 0,001) fue superior a aquellos sin FA. En los pacientes con ICD no hubo diferencias (razón de tasas de incidencia, 0,90; p = 0,12). En modelos ajustados, la FA no fue un predictor de mortalidad hospitalaria en función del diagnóstico; sin embargo, sí fue un predictor independiente de mortalidad tras el alta en pacientes con IAM (HR = 1,494; p = 0,001) y ACV (HR = 1,426; p < 0,001) no siendo así en pacientes con ICD (HR = 0,964; p = 0,603). Conclusiones: La FA se comporta como factor de riesgo independiente de mortalidad tras el alta en pacientes con un ingreso previo por IAM y ACV, no así para aquellos con ICD (AU)

Introduction and objectives: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an independent risk factor for mortality in several diseases. However, data published in acute decompensated heart failure (DHF) are contradictory. Our objective was to investigate the impact of AF on mortality in patients admitted to hospital for DHF compared with those admitted for other reasons. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included all patients admitted to hospital within a 10-year period due to DHF, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), or ischemic stroke (IS), with a median follow-up of 6.2 years. Results: We included 6613 patients (74 ± 11 years; 54.6% male); 2177 with AMI, 2208 with DHF, and 2228 with IS. Crude postdischarge mortality was higher in patients with AF hospitalized for AMI (incident rate ratio, 2.48; P < .001) and IS (incident rate ratio, 1.84; P < .001) than in those without AF. No differences were found in patients with DHF (incident rate ratio, 0.90; P = .12). In adjusted models, AF was not an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality by clinical diagnosis. However, AF emerged as an independent predictor of postdischarge mortality in patients with AMI (HR, 1.494; P = .001) and IS (HR, 1.426; P < .001), but not in patients admitted for DHF (HR, 0.964; P = .603). Conclusions: AF was as an independent risk factor for postdischarge mortality in patients admitted to hospital for AMI and IS but not in those admitted for DHF (AU)

No additional value of conventional and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin over clinical scoring systems in the differential diagnosis of type 1 vs. type 2 myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND: The distinction of type 1 and type 2 myocardial infarction (MI) is of major clinical importance. Our aim was to evaluate the diagnostic ability of absolute and relative conventional cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) in the distinction between type 1 and type 2 MI in patients presenting at the emergency department with non-ST-segment elevation acute chest pain within the first 12 h. METHODS: We measured cTnI (Dimension Vista) and hs-cTnT (Cobas e601) concentrations at presentation and after 4 h in 200 patients presenting with suspected acute MI. The final diagnosis, based on standard criteria, was adjudicated by two independent cardiologists. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-five patients (62.5%)were classified as type 1 MI and 75 (37.5%) were type 2 MI. In a multivariable setting, age (relative risk [RR]=1.43, p=0.040), male gender (RR=2.22, p=0.040), T-wave inversion (RR=8.51, p<0.001), ST-segment depression (RR=8.71, p<0.001) and absolute delta hs-cTnT (RR=2.10, p=0.022) were independently associated with type 1 MI. In a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the discriminatory power of absolute delta cTnI and hs-cTnT was significantly higher compared to relative c-TnI and hs-cTnT changes. The additive information provided by cTnI and hs-cTnT over and above the information provided by the "clinical" model was only marginal. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic information provided by serial measurements of conventional or hs-cTnT is not better than that yielded by a simple clinical scoring model. Absolute changes are more informative than relative troponin changes.

Mortality and Atrial Fibrillation in the FIACA Study: Evidence of a Differential Effect According to Admission Diagnosis.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an independent risk factor for mortality in several diseases. However, data published in acute decompensated heart failure (DHF) are contradictory. Our objective was to investigate the impact of AF on mortality in patients admitted to hospital for DHF compared with those admitted for other reasons. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included all patients admitted to hospital within a 10-year period due to DHF, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), or ischemic stroke (IS), with a median follow-up of 6.2 years. RESULTS: We included 6613 patients (74 ± 11 years; 54.6% male); 2177 with AMI, 2208 with DHF, and 2228 with IS. Crude postdischarge mortality was higher in patients with AF hospitalized for AMI (incident rate ratio, 2.48; P < .001) and IS (incident rate ratio, 1.84; P < .001) than in those without AF. No differences were found in patients with DHF (incident rate ratio, 0.90; P = .12). In adjusted models, AF was not an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality by clinical diagnosis. However, AF emerged as an independent predictor of postdischarge mortality in patients with AMI (HR, 1.494; P = .001) and IS (HR, 1.426; P < .001), but not in patients admitted for DHF (HR, 0.964; P = .603). CONCLUSIONS: AF was as an independent risk factor for postdischarge mortality in patients admitted to hospital for AMI and IS but not in those admitted for DHF.