Suicidal behavior in persons attended in out-of-hospital emergency services in Spain.

Background: The aims of this study were to describe the use of health services by patients attended for suicidal behavior by out-of-hospital emergency services and to identify the variables associated with the repetition of this behavior in Spain. Methods: An analytical, observational, retrospective study was carried out. A total of 554 patients attended by the mobile teams of the Primary Care Emergency (mt-PCES) of the Malaga Health District (Spain), after being coordinated by the 061 Emergency Coordination Center (ECC) were analyzed. Results: Of the total, 61.9% of the patients were women and the mean age was 43.5 years. Ninety-six percent (N = 532) of the patients attended by mt-PCES were transferred to hospital emergency services. Regarding clinical decision, of those transferred 436 persons (82%) were discharged home. Of the total sample 25.5% (N = 141) were referred to primary care, while 69% (N = 382) were referred to outpatient mental health care. Regarding follow up in the 6 months after being seen by emergency services, among those referred to a mental health facility, 64.4% (N = 246) attended the follow-up appointment while out of the total sample only 50.5% (N = 280) attended a follow-up appointment with an outpatient mental health service. Finally, it should be noted that 23.3% presented a relapse of suicidal behavior in the 6 months following index episode. The variables associated with repetition of suicidal behavior were older age, greater number of previous suicide attempts and having any contact with mental health services in the following 6 months. Conclusion: We believe that selective suicide prevention initiatives should be designed to target the population at risk of suicide, especially those receiving both out-of-hospital and in-hospital emergency services.

Technology for supporting emotion regulation of individuals with developmental disabilities: A scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Emotional competencies are skills necessary to adequately understand, express, and regulate emotional phenomena. Among the emotional competencies is emotion regulation. Not having adequate development of this emotional competence is related to psychological problems such as depression. One of the characteristics of individuals with developmental disabilities is the presence of difficulties with emotion regulation. These difficulties can affect an individual's autonomy, social competence, and the development of independent life. AIMS: This paper presents a scoping review to identify the technology designed and developed to support the emotion regulation of individuals with developmental disabilities. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: We combined the guidelines for a systematic literature review in computer science and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology. The process resulted in twelve stages through which we conducted this scoping review. First, a search query was defined and executed in computer science's five most representative search engines. We used different inclusion, exclusion, and quality criteria for selecting the works included in this review. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: Thirty-nine papers aimed at supporting the emotional competencies of individuals with developmental disabilities were included, of which nine support emotion regulation. As a result, different areas of opportunity in developing technology to support the emotion regulation of individuals with developmental disabilities are discussed. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Technology supporting emotion regulation in individuals with developmental disabilities is a growing but little-explored field. For the literature supporting emotion regulation, we detected opportunities for study. Some of them aimed at investigating whether we could use technologies developed for other emotional competencies to support emotion regulation and how the characteristics of this technology can support individuals with developmental disabilities.

Validity of the classification of emergency service requests related to suicidal behavior / Validez de la clasificación de las demandas por conducta suicida a un servicio de emergencias

Abstract Introduction Suicide attempts are the most predictive risk factor for suicide deaths. Most people who attempt suicide receive care from out-of-hospital Emergency Services (OES), where these requests are managed and classified. Objective Validate the Emergency Coordination Center (ECC) classification for the detection of suicidal behavior requests. Method A descriptive, cross-sectional study of requests to the ECC of Málaga (Spain) during 2013 and 2014 was conducted. To classify the requests, the authors considered the ECC categorization when answering the call and the clinical assessment of the healthcare professional when attending the person who had made the call at the scene, which was considered the reference standard. To analyze the validity of the ECC classification system, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) were calculated. Results The total number of requests for medical assistance analyzed was 112,599. The validity indicators of the classification system for suicidal behavior were sensitivity = 44.78%, specificity = 99.34%, PPV = 46.91% and NPV = 99.28%. Discussion and conclusion The ECC classification system has a lower capacity to detect the presence of suicidal behavior and a higher capacity to identify its absence in the requests received. OES provide key information on suicidal behavior requests as they can be one of the first places people with this problem go to. It would therefore be extremely useful to improve the classification systems for requests related to suicidal behavior.

Resumen Introducción Los intentos de suicidio constituyen el factor de riesgo más predictivo de todos los casos de suicidio consumado. La mayoría de las personas que intentan suicidarse reciben atención en los Servicios de Urgencias Extrahospitalarios (SUE) donde se gestionan y clasifican estas demandas. Objetivo Validar la clasificación del Centro Coordinador de Urgencias y Emergencias (CCUE) para detectar las demandas relacionadas con la conducta suicida. Método Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo y transversal de las demandas al CCUE de Málaga (España) realizadas durante 2013 y 2014. Para su clasificación se tuvo en cuenta la categorización en el CCUE al responder la llamada y el juicio clínico del profesional sanitario cuando atiende al demandante in situ, considerando éste como patrón de referencia. Para evaluar la validez del sistema de clasificación se calcularon la sensibilidad, la especificidad y los valores predictivos positivo (VPP) y negativo (VPN). Resultados El total de demandas sanitarias analizadas fue de 112,599. Los indicadores de validez del sistema de clasificación para las demandas por conductas de suicidio fueron una sensibilidad = 44.78%, especificidad = 99.34%, VPP = 46.91% y VPN = 99.28%. Discusión y conclusión El sistema de clasificación del CCUE presenta una capacidad más baja para detectar presencia de conducta suicida comparada con una capacidad más alta para identificar su ausencia en las demandas recibidas. Los SUE aportan información relevante sobre las demandas por conducta suicida ya que pueden ser uno de los primeros lugares a los que acuden las personas con este problema. Por ello, sería de gran utilidad mejorar los sistemas de clasificación de las demandas por conducta suicida.

Práctica avanzada de la enfermera en urgencias extrahospitalarias y comparación con la casuística atendida por equipos con médicos / Advanced practice of the nurse in out-of-hospital emergencies and comparison with the casuistry attended by teams with doctors

OBJETIVO: Explorar la práctica enfermera en urgencias extrahospitalarias y comparar su casuística con la de equipos con médico presencial. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio transversal, con pacientes del Distrito Málaga atendidos por una enfermera (2012-2016) y por 6 equipos con médico presencial (2012). VARIABLES: prioridad, motivo de asistencia, diag-nósticos enfermeros, medicamentos y derivación. Estadística descriptiva e inferencial multivariante. RESULTADOS: La enfermera atendió 2253 pacientes. Los equipos con méicos atendieron 21226, presentando patologías similares el 34,8%. Motivos de asistencia: cérvico-dorso-lumbo-ciatalgia (12,6%), mareos/vértigo (9.6%), sin patología urgente (9,2%), etc. El 63,9% de pacientes precisó medicación: diazepam (19,3%), metoclopramida (13,6%), metamizol (12,5%), etc. El manejo del tratamiento y de dispositivos sanitarios, junto al afrontamiento de problemas se asociaron a los motivos de asistencia. El 92% de avisos fueron resueltos in situ. CONCLUSIÓN: La enfermera es una opción muy eficiente para la atención compartida de la demanda, aún con la legalización de la prescripción de medicamentos pendiente

OBJECTIVE: To explore prehospital emergency nursing and to compare the case-mix attended with prehospital medical teams. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, including patients from Málaga District attended by a prehospital nurse (2012 - 2016), and by prehospital medical teams (2012). MAIN VARIABLES: priority, cause of the demand, nursing diagnosis, medication and referral. Descriptive and multiple inferencial analyses. RESULTS: The nurse attended 2253 patients. Medical teams attended 21226 patients, and 34.8% presented similar pathologies. Case-mix: Cervical-back-sciatica pain (12.6%), dizziness/vertigo (9.6%), no urgent pathology (9.2%), etc. 63.9% of patients needed medication: Diazepam (19.3%), metoclopramida (13.6%), metamizol (12.5%), etc. Management of medication or healthcare devices, and problem coping were usually associated to assistance demands. 92% of demands were resolved in situ. CONCLUSIONS: The emergency nurse turns out to be an efficient choice for sharing prehospital demands, even with nursing prescription not yet legalized

Asistencia urgente domiciliaria a personas con problemas crónicos de salud por la enfermera de cuidados avanzados / Home advanced emergency nursing for people with chronic health problems

Objetivo: Explorar la práctica clínica y farmacológica de la enfermera de urgencias a domicilio ante problemas de salud crónicos. Método: Estudio transversal, con pacientes del Distrito Málaga atendidos por una enfermera de urgencias domiciliarias, junto a un médico vía telefónica, en turno rotatorio de enero de 2012 a marzo de 2016. Las variables principales fueron: motivo de asistencia según la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades versión 9, necesidad de cuidados basadas en diagnósticos enfermeros (NANDA), medicamentos, tipo de problema crónico de salud y derivación, entre otros. Se hizo un análisis descriptivo con tablas de frecuencia y resúmenes numéricos, e inferencial con pruebas de la χ2 y de la t de Student, además de regresión logística multivariante. Resultados: fueron atendidos 2.253 sujetos, de los que 957 (42,5%) fueron avisos por problemas crónicos de salud, los cuales pueden clasificarse en: 46,4% desajustes y 35,5% problemas con dispositivos sanitarios, entre otros. Entre los motivos de asistencia destacaron: hiper/hipotensión arterial (14,94%), patología no urgente (13,79%), problemas urinarios (12,53%) y dolor oncológico/paciente terminal (10,44%). La resolución in situ de la enfermera fue del 93,5%. El 53,7% de los pacientes necesitó medicación. Las necesidades de cuidados más frecuentes fueron: conocimientos deficientes, el dolor y la ansiedad/ temor; y las intervenciones fueron monitorización de constantes vitales, derivación a atención primaria y asesoramiento. El manejo inefectivo de dispositivos sanitarios fue la necesidad de cuidados que más se asoció con los motivos de asistencia. Conclusiones: La enfermera de cuidados avanzados presenta una alta resolución y eficiencia ante las urgencias domiciliarias derivadas de problemas de salud crónicos

Objetives: To explore the emergency nursing clinical and pharmacological practice at home on patients with chronic health problems. Methods: Cross-sectional study, including patients from Malaga District attended by an emergency nurse from January 2012 to March 2016. Main variables were: cause of assistance according to the International Diseases Classification version 9, care needs according to NANDA diagnosis, medication, type of chronic health problem and referrals. Statistical analysis included descriptive data analysis, Chi-squared and t de Student tests and multivariate logistic regression. Results: 2,253 patients were attended. 957 (42.5%) patients were attended because of chronic health problems, highlighting a 46.4% because of imbalances and 35.5% sanitary devices problems, among them. The most frequent causes were: high/ low blood pressure (14.94%), no urgent pathology (13.79%), urinary problems (12.53%) and oncologic pain/terminal patient (10.44%). In situ resolution of the emergency nurse at home was 93.5%. The amount of patients who needed medication was 53.7%. The most frequent care needs were: Knowledge deficit, pain and anxiety/fear; and interventions were: Vital signs monitoring, referral to primary care and counselling. Ineffective management of sanitary devices was the care need most frequently associated to assistance causes. Conclusions: Advanced practice nurses are highly resolutives and efficient to deal with home emergencies about chronic health problems

Epidemiology of Suicidal Behavior in Malaga (Spain): An Approach From the Prehospital Emergency Service.

Objective: This study aims to analyse the number and characteristics of calls made to the Málaga Prehospital Emergency Service (PES) for suicidal behavior based on sociodemographic, temporal, and health care variables. Method: This is a retrospective, descriptive study that records all calls made to the PES due to suicidal behavior (suicide attempts and completed suicides) in 2014. Sociodemographic variables (age, sex, and health district), variables related to the calls (time-slot, degree of sunlight, type of day, month, season of the year, prioritization, and number of resources mobilized) were extracted from these calls. The number of cases and percentages were presented for the qualitative variables. The rates per 100,000 were calculated by sex and health district and presented with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Of the total valid calls to PES (n = 181,824), 1,728 calls were made due to suicidal behavior (0.9%). The mean age was 43.21 (±18) years, 57.4% were women, and the rate was 112.1 per 100,000 inhabitants. The calls due to suicidal behavior were in the younger-middle age segment, in the time-slot between 16 and 23 h and during daylight hours, on bank holidays, in spring and summer in comparison with winter, and with a peak of calls in August. The majority of these calls were classified as undelayable emergencies and mobilized one health resource. Conclusions: Prehospital emergency services are the first contact to the sanitary services of persons or families with suicide attempts. This information should be a priority to offer a complete overview of the suicide behavior.

Diferencias por sexo en la casuística de urgencias domiciliarias atendidas por una enfermera / Sex distribution of the casuistic and nursing care needs attended by emergency nursing at home

Fundamento: Explorar las diferencias por sexo en la casuística de motivos de asistencia y de necesidades de cuidados en la población atendida por la enfermera de urgencias domiciliarias del Distrito Sanitario Málaga. Método: Estudio transversal, con pacientes del Distrito Málaga atendidos por una enfermera de urgencias domiciliarias en turno rotatorio de Enero 2012 a noviembre de 2014. Las variables principales fueron: sexo, edad, motivo de asistencia según la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades versión 9 y las necesidades de cuidados basadas en los diagnósticos enfermeros (NANDA). Se hizo un análisis descriptivo estratificado e inferencial con test Chi cuadrado y T-Student, además de regresión logística multivariante. Resultados: 1569 pacientes fueron atendidos, siendo un 63,48% mujeres. Las mujeres se diferenciaron (p< 0,05) el Dolor musculo-esquelético con una mayor frecuencia de Ansiedad. Conclusiones: Las demandas de asistencia de las mujeres casi duplican a las realizadas por los hombres. Se destaca que los motivos de atención y las necesidades de cuidados de las mujeres preponderan aquellas con un componente psicosocial; mientras que, en hombres, predominan solo los problemas urinarios que se relacionan con un componente fisiológico

Objective: To explore the sex distribution of the casuistic and nursing care needs attended by an prehospital emergency nurse in Málaga. Method: Cross-sectional study, including patients from Málaga District attended by an prehospital emergency nurse, in a rotating work schedule, from January 2012 to November 2014. The main variables were: sex, age, demand according to the International Classification of Diseases and nursing care needs according to NANDA Diagnosis. Statistical analysis included descriptive data analysis, Chi-squared test, T-Student and multivariate logistic regression. Result: 1569 patients were attended. 63.48% were women. Women's demand were different from men (p<0,05), highlighting: Arthralgia/pain in limbs and others; Anxiety/Depression; and High/Low blood pressure; and in nursing care needs: Fear/Anxiety, Nausea and Social isolation. On the opposite side, men's demands and nursing care needs were urinary problems. Only in women, musculoskeletal pain were associated with a higher frequency of anxiety (p<0,05). Conclussions: Demands for assistance made by women almost double those made by men; noting that in the casuistic and nursing care needs compared to men preponderate those with a psychosocial component while, on the contrary, prevail urinary problems that are related to a physiological component

Actividad y seguridad de la enfermera de urgencias a domicilio para patologías leves / Activity and safety of the emergency nurse attending minor pathologies at home

Objetivos: Explorar la asistencia urgente a domicilio proporcionada por una enfermera sin médico presencial y compararla con la de los equipos con médicos. Metodología: Estudio transversal, con pacientes del Distrito Málaga atendidos por una enfermera de enero 2012 a marzo 2013 y por equipos con médico en 2012. Se hizo un análisis descriptivo, Chi cuadrado y regresiones logísticas multivariantes. Resultados: 641 pacientes atendió la enfermera. Los motivos fueron Cervico-Dorso-Lumbo-ciatalgia (13.9%), Mareos/vértigo (9.5%), Sin patología (8.4%), Hiper/hipotensión arterial (7.8%), etc. Tres pacientes, por hipertensión o agitación, precisaron equipo médico 24 horas después. El equipo médico atendió 7430 motivos similares de 21226 demandas. El incumplimiento y manejo inefectivo del tratamiento se asoció a demandas por dolor no oncológico, hipo/hipertensión e hipo/hiperglucemia. El manejo inefectivo de dispositivos sanitarios y las respuestas inadecuadas de afrontamiento se asociaron a demandas sin patología. Conclusión: La asistencia urgente a domicilio por una enfermera y médico no presencial es segura y eficiente, preámbulo ideal para la práctica avanzada

Objectives: To explore the emergency nursing practice at home with a physician on the phone and to compare it with emergency medical teams' activity. Methods: Cross-sectional study, including patients from Málaga District attended by a nurse from January 2012 to March 2013, and by medical teams in 2012. Statistical analysis included descriptive data analysis, Chi-squared test and multivariate logistic regression. Results: 641 patients were attended by the nurse. The causes were: Cervical-Back-sciatica pain (13.9%), dizziness/vertigo (9.5%), No pathology (8.4%), High/Low blood pressure (7.8%), etc. Three patients, with high blood pressure or restlessness, required attention by the medical team 24 hours later. The medical team attended 7,430 similar causes from a 21,226 in total. Noncompliance or ineffective treatment management were associated to non-oncologic pain, high/low blood pressure and hypo/hyperglycaemia. Ineffective management of medical devices and inadequate coping responses were associated to demands without pathology. Conclusion: Emergency nursing practice at home, with a physician on the phone, is safe and efficient, preface of the advanced practice

A knowledge-based taxonomy of critical factors for adopting electronic health record systems by physicians: a systematic literature review.

BACKGROUND: The health care sector is an area of social and economic interest in several countries; therefore, there have been lots of efforts in the use of electronic health records. Nevertheless, there is evidence suggesting that these systems have not been adopted as it was expected, and although there are some proposals to support their adoption, the proposed support is not by means of information and communication technology which can provide automatic tools of support. The aim of this study is to identify the critical adoption factors for electronic health records by physicians and to use them as a guide to support their adoption process automatically. METHODS: This paper presents, based on the PRISMA statement, a systematic literature review in electronic databases with adoption studies of electronic health records published in English. Software applications that manage and process the data in the electronic health record have been considered, i.e.: computerized physician prescription, electronic medical records, and electronic capture of clinical data. Our review was conducted with the purpose of obtaining a taxonomy of the physicians main barriers for adopting electronic health records, that can be addressed by means of information and communication technology; in particular with the information technology roles of the knowledge management processes. Which take us to the question that we want to address in this work: "What are the critical adoption factors of electronic health records that can be supported by information and communication technology?". Reports from eight databases covering electronic health records adoption studies in the medical domain, in particular those focused on physicians, were analyzed. RESULTS: The review identifies two main issues: 1) a knowledge-based classification of critical factors for adopting electronic health records by physicians; and 2) the definition of a base for the design of a conceptual framework for supporting the design of knowledge-based systems, to assist the adoption process of electronic health records in an automatic fashion. From our review, six critical adoption factors have been identified: user attitude towards information systems, workflow impact, interoperability, technical support, communication among users, and expert support. The main limitation of the taxonomy is the different impact of the adoption factors of electronic health records reported by some studies depending on the type of practice, setting, or attention level; however, these features are a determinant aspect with regard to the adoption rate for the latter rather than the presence of a specific critical adoption factor. CONCLUSIONS: The critical adoption factors established here provide a sound theoretical basis for research to understand, support, and facilitate the adoption of electronic health records to physicians in benefit of patients.

Mobility in hospital work: towards a pervasive computing hospital environment.

Handheld computers are increasingly being used by hospital workers. With the integration of wireless networks into hospital information systems, handheld computers can provide the basis for a pervasive computing hospital environment; to develop this designers need empirical information to understand how hospital workers interact with information while moving around. To characterise the medical phenomena we report the results of a workplace study conducted in a hospital. We found that individuals spend about half of their time at their base location, where most of their interactions occur. On average, our informants spent 23% of their time performing information management tasks, followed by coordination (17.08%), clinical case assessment (15.35%) and direct patient care (12.6%). We discuss how our results offer insights for the design of pervasive computing technology, and directions for further research and development in this field such as transferring information between heterogeneous devices and integration of the physical and digital domains.