Dermatophytosis caused by Nannizzia nana.

PURPOSE: In this paper, we reported three distinct cases of tinea, including tenia ungulum, tenia pedis, and tenia cruris caused by the infection of Nannizzia nana in the immunocompetent patients who were also the residents of Guatemala. Dermatophytes were identified phenotypically and genotypically. Thereafter, DNA was extracted from the fungal isolates and a fragment of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region was amplified and sequenced. The direct visual examination revealed the presence of fungal hyphae and arthroconidia. These characteristic morphological features resembled with the general features of the species, Nannizzia nana. Furthermore, nucleotide sequences that were amplified from the fungal isolates, confirmed the species identification. Thereafter, all the patients were treated with Terbinafine (250mg) through oral route for two weeks, except the patient with onychomycosis, who received the same treatment but for an extended period of three months. All the patients showed complete recovery from dermatophytosis. This study contributes to a better understanding of the epidemiology of human infections that are caused by dermatophytes, often misdiagnosed. Dermatophytes are currently less known but are now being more frequently identified due to the improvements in the diagnostic techniques.

A systematic review of worldwide data on tinea capitis: analysis of the last 20 years.

Dermatophyte infections are the most common fungal infections in humans; among them, tinea capitis (TC) - the most contagious fungal infection - is caused by anthropophilic, zoophilic and geophilic dermatophytes. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the different aetiological variants involved in TC and the overall epidemiology of the causes of this infection in the last two decades. We searched the MEDLINE (PubMed) and Embase databases for articles published from July 2000 to August 2019 using the following search terms: 'Tinea capitis', 'Africa', 'America', 'Asia', 'Europe', 'Oceania', and the names of the countries on each continent. The flow of information through the different phases in this systematic review was depicted using a PRISMA flow diagram, which mapped the number of records identified, included and excluded, and the reasons for exclusion. Our findings indicate that the frequency of different aetiologic agents of TC in the reported studies varied globally, from 0.4-87.7% in Africa, 0.2-74.0% in North America, 0.0-91.2% in Eastern Asia, 0.0-69.0% in Eastern Europe and 2.9-86.4% in Oceania. Microsporum canis is the most frequent reported zoophilic agent worldwide, while Trichophyton violaceum and Trichophyton tonsurans are the predominant anthropophilic agents. Over time, the frequency of these latter fungal infections has increased globally, and these fungi have become the major species globally. Anthropophilic transmission - the most prevalent type of transmission - could be explained by two factors: (i) the socioeconomic status of affected countries and population groups with associated risk factors and (ii) movement of populations importing new causes of infection to areas where they had not been encountered previously. We observed that intercontinental migration and travel; globalization; environmental, climatic and ecological changes; and accelerated evolution of health technologies may influence the observed epidemiological changes and, consequently, contributed to the variations in the global status of TC.

[Prevalence of dental caries and associated factors in children at day care centers]. / Prevalencia de caries y factores asociados en niños de estancias infantiles.

UNLABELLED: Currently dental caries is regarded as a public health problem throughout world. Ninety percent of the Latin American population suffers from caries. In Mexico, a research informs of a prevalence of 78% in 5-year-old children from the Southern of the Federal District, while the nearby State of Mexico reports 90% in children the same age that suffers from this same problem. OBJECTIVE: Identifying the prevalence of dental caries, dmf-t and dmf-s indexes, and the relation ship with associated factors in daycare centers of the # 3 Southwest Delegation of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS). A total of 934 children from ages 1 to 6 years of age from October 1997 to May 1998, were studied; 52.3% were boys and 47.7%, girls. The presence of caries was examined and determined through WHO criteria. Socioeconomic level was identified the parents questionnaire. Prevalence of caries in the population studied was 22.1%; we also found a decayed, missing, filled-teeth index (dmf-t) for the whole population of 0.71. The average of this index was 3.71.