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1.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-100233

ABSTRACT

En España existen 19 calendarios diferentes que no se justifica desde un punto de vista sanitario, epidemiológico, social o económico. La Asociación Española de Pediatría recomienda vacunar: frente rotavirus a partir de las sexta semana, frente a papilomavirus en niñas preadolescentes, universalizar la vacuna antineumocócica, administrar una segunda dosis de varicela a los 3-4 años, cambiar indicaciones de la vacuna de la tos ferina y vacunar de gripe y hepatitis A en situaciones de riesgo. Repasaremos más detenidamente las vacunas que han sido recientemente introducidas: rotavirus, neumococo, papiloma y mentaremos los principales cambios en las ya existentes. Los criterios para introducir modificaciones en el calendario de vacunación dependen de la enfermedad (carga, frecuencia, morbimortalidad, potencial de eliminación), de la vacuna (inmunogenicidad, eficacia, efectividad, eficiencia, compatibilidad, seguridad y garantía de suministro) y de la sociedad (impacto sobre la población y el sistema sanitario, percepción de la enfermedad por la población) (AU)


The criteria for modifying the immunization schedule depends on the disease (load, frequency, morbidity and mortality, killing potential) of the vaccine (immunogenicity, efficacy, effectiveness, efficiency, compatibility, safety and assurance of supply) and society (impact on the population and the health system, perception of disease in the population). In Spain there are 19 different vaccine schedules that are not justified from a health, epidemiological, social or economic perspective. The Spanish Association of Paediatrics recommends: vaccinating against rotavirus from the sixth week, against papillomavirus in preadolescent girls, achieving universal pneumococcal protection, administering a second dose of varicella at 3-4 years, changing the indications of the pertussis vaccine and flu vaccine and hepatitis A risk. We will review further the vaccines that have recently been introduced: rotavirus, pneumococcus and papillomavirus and mention the major changes in existing ones (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Mass Vaccination/organization & administration , Mass Vaccination/statistics & numerical data , Immunization Schedule , Vaccination/methods , Vaccination/statistics & numerical data , Epidemiological Monitoring/standards , Epidemiological Monitoring , Vaccines/therapeutic use , Rotavirus Vaccines/immunology , Mass Vaccination , Vaccination/standards , 51352 , Indicators of Morbidity and Mortality , Spain/epidemiology , Papilloma/immunology , Tumor Virus Infections/immunology , Whooping Cough/immunology
2.
SEMERGEN, Soc. Esp. Med. Rural Gen. (Ed. impr.) ; 38(3): 160-166, abr. 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-99820

ABSTRACT

Las vacunas son productos biológicos utilizados para conseguir una inmunización activa artificial. Actualmente hay vacunas cada vez más potentes, eficaces y seguras. Se está ampliando la lista de enfermedades prevenibles con vacunas, que, junto a la cada vez mayor población susceptible de ser vacunada, hace previsible que aumenten los productos vacunales en este siglo. Este artículo pretende ser un breve pero práctico, resumen del concepto y tipos de vacunas, los avances acontecidos en las últimas décadas sobre fundamentos de la respuesta inmunitaria y componentes de las vacunas (destacando el papel de los adyuvantes). Estos conceptos acarrean los criterios de cuándo, cómo vacunar, a quiénes y por qué no hacerlo. Con la ambición de que este texto sea útil finalizará con un somero repaso al porqué hay personas que rechazan las vacunas (AU)


Vaccines are biological products used to achieve active artificial immunization. Nowadays, vaccines are increasingly powerful, effective and safe. The list of vaccine-preventable diseases is expanding, which together with the increasing population likely to be vaccinated, it is expected that vaccine products will increase this century. This article is a brief but practical overview of the concept and types of vaccines, advances that have taken place recent decades on the fundamentals of the immune response and vaccine components (including the role of adjuvants). These concepts give rise to the criteria for when and how to vaccinate, to whom and why not to do it. With the hope that this text is useful, it ends with a brief overview as to why there are people who refuse vaccinations (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Vaccines/immunology , Vaccines/therapeutic use , Adjuvants, Immunologic/therapeutic use , Monitoring, Immunologic/methods , Immunization Schedule , Vaccination/classification , Vaccination/methods , Adjuvants, Immunologic/metabolism , Treatment Refusal/statistics & numerical data , Vaccines/classification , Vaccines
3.
Semergen ; 38(3): 160-6, 2012 Apr.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24895720

ABSTRACT

Vaccines are biological products used to achieve active artificial immunization. Nowadays, vaccines are increasingly powerful, effective and safe. The list of vaccine-preventable diseases is expanding, which together with the increasing population likely to be vaccinated, it is expected that vaccine products will increase this century. This article is a brief but practical overview of the concept and types of vaccines, advances that have taken place recent decades on the fundamentals of the immune response and vaccine components (including the role of adjuvants). These concepts give rise to the criteria for when and how to vaccinate, to whom and why not to do it. With the hope that this text is useful, it ends with a brief overview as to why there are people who refuse vaccinations.


Subject(s)
Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage , Immunization , Vaccines/administration & dosage , Adaptive Immunity/immunology , Antigens/immunology , Humans , Immunity, Innate/immunology , Treatment Refusal , Vaccines/immunology
4.
Semergen ; 38(4): 226-32, 2012.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23544724

ABSTRACT

The criteria for modifying the immunization schedule depends on the disease (load, frequency, morbidity and mortality, killing potential) of the vaccine (immunogenicity, efficacy, effectiveness, efficiency, compatibility, safety and assurance of supply) and society (impact on the population and the health system, perception of disease in the population). In Spain there are 19 different vaccine schedules that are not justified from a health, epidemiological, social or economic perspective. The Spanish Association of Paediatrics recommends: vaccinating against rotavirus from the sixth week, against papillomavirus in preadolescent girls, achieving universal pneumococcal protection, administering a second dose of varicella at 3-4 years, changing the indications of the pertussis vaccine and flu vaccine and hepatitis A risk. We will review further the vaccines that have recently been introduced: rotavirus, pneumococcus and papillomavirus and mention the major changes in existing ones.


Subject(s)
Immunization Schedule , Vaccines , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Pneumococcal Vaccines , Rotavirus Vaccines , Spain
5.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-140821

ABSTRACT

El término pharmacon significa remedio y veneno. Que apliquemos un sentido u otro al término depende del grado de pureza, de la dosis y las modalidades de empleo, de las condiciones de acceso y las pautas culturales de consumo, junto al estado físico, emocional, mental y espiritual de quien lo consume. Cada cultura tiene sus drogas permitidas y sus drogas prohibidas, controladas o para el uso de unos pocos. Los términos ilegal, prohibido y de consumo restringido no son exclusivos de nuestra época. En la actualidad, lo que sí se evidencia es una edad de inicio más temprana y cambios en los patrones de consumo, básicamente por la mayor variedad de sustancias en nuestro entorno y más accesibilidad. El tabaco y el alcohol siguen siendo las que más problemas de salud generan en nuestro medio, el cannabis es la droga ilegal más prevalente y la cocaína la que más demandas de atención médica requiere. Este artículo no abordará las drogas legales, no es tampoco un estudio exhaustivo de las ilegales, ni pretende entrar en definiciones o tratamientos. Se trata de abordar el tema desde un punto de vista racional, poniendo al alcance del médico una perspectiva práctica del porqué se llega al consumo, qué términos se usan en la calle y por qué están en auge estas sustancias entre los jóvenes (AU)


The term pharmacon means remedy and poison. Whether it is considered a remedy or poison depends on the level of purity, the dose and how it is used, accessibility conditions and how its consumption is accepted culturally along with the consumer's physical, mental, emotional and spiritual condition. Every culture has its own permitted and prohibited drugs, that are controlled or only for the use of a few. The terms illegal, prohibited and restricted use are not new to this era. What is currently being seen is that there are some changes taking place in the consumption patterns, basically because of the wide variety of substances available all around us, easier access and younger age of initiation. Tobacco and alcohol continue to be the principal cause of health problems in our environment. Cannabis is the most prevalent illegal drug and cocaine is the drug that generates the most need for medical attention. This article does not discuss illegal drugs, nor is it a comprehensive study of illegal drugs. We will not go into definitions and treatments, it is our attempt to broach the subject from a rational standpoint allowing doctors to have a practical perspective as to how we have reached this point, what are the current street terms and why it is currently so popular amongst our youth (AU)


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Family Practice/ethics , Family Practice , Primary Health Care , Primary Health Care/methods , Substance-Related Disorders/classification , Substance-Related Disorders/pathology , Alcoholism/mortality , Smoking/prevention & control , Cannabis/adverse effects , Family Practice/education , Family Practice/methods , Primary Health Care/classification , Primary Health Care/standards , Substance-Related Disorders/genetics , Substance-Related Disorders/prevention & control , Alcoholism/prevention & control , Smoking/psychology , Cannabis/toxicity
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